Abstract
While some may view the beliefs of animal activists as extreme, it does seem possible that as a result of pressure from such groups, zoos have become more sensitive to the true needs of the animals they hold and protect. This paper explains that, while critics maintain that zoos cannot teach anything useful or accurate about wild animals, others argue that, for the great majority of people, they will come across wild animals only in zoos or in books. It discusses how those who support zoos believe that by seeing these animals upfront people become more aware of the need to preserve the animals' natural habitats, to end poaching, and to take the other measures that will ensure the animals' long-term survival in the wild.

From the Paper
"Zoos have come a long way in the last 150 years, moving from small, cramped cages to natural habitats. Zoos make sure that social animals live in groups, and they try to make the habitats as natural and comfortable for the animals as possible. However, animal activists argue persuasively that these settings are artificial and that visitors don't actually learn a lot about the animals in their natural environment from seeing them in a zoo (Staff writers, 1997)."

Tags:poaching, survival, habitat

Abstract
This paper examines the many differences between activism in early and present-day America. The paper explains that, not only are goals and issues different, but the methods of calling attention to those goals and achieving them are different as well. In particular, the paper suggests that today's activist are more concerned with the common good than were the activists of the past who were more concerned with acquiring and protecting their wealth.

From the Paper
"The Colonial Radicals were constructed largely of men, and those men of some substance, whether intellectually, influentially or financially, as
far as the leading forces were concerned. Modern Activists are made up of just about anyone who has a passion for some injustice or something they want to change. Communications is the main influence for the vastly different population of the Modern Activist, and to augment this is the internet, which can span countries together with the same causes. Of course, a people more united makes a more formiddable force, and, in the near future, world leader's will be forced to bend to these people, who are now uniting with similar causes."

Tags:basic, freedoms, newspapers, distribute, taxes, political, apathy, internet, dissatisfaction

Abstract
This paper examines the similarities of outlook and points of departure between environmentalists and animal rights activists. This includes a literature review which evaluates the background for the differing perspectives of these groups. The author points out similarities between environmentalists and animal rights activists, but concludes that these groups still have distinct opinions. The paper concludes by stating the two groups should be aware that they are fighting the same battle.

From the Paper
" The facts of the matter are this: there are some people who believe that environmental ethics and animal rights are two different and disjointed genres, there are still who believe that animal rights and the conservative or backward morals/principles have more in common then environmental ethics and animal right, it is also true, perhaps based on the most sound facts, that both the advocates of environmental health and animals rights have the exact identical foe, for example, an environmentalist and animal rights activist would both equally care about the hazardous effects of cutting down rainforests to evenly space the luxurious demand of lifestyles of the ever growing population, they would equally be concerned about the poisonous waste dumps in the oceans and rivers that has been one of the causes of the endangerment of whales, etc. In fact, when looking at the records of the environmental fights and debates that have been fought in the past, it is no surprise to see the aspect of animal suffering and extinction being given its due attention. It is also interesting to note that fights fought by the environmentalist and animal rights activist before the World War II took place were all based on the selfish and ruthless destruction of one of the nature's most bounty resources and the extinction of the other in order to better insure the development of weapons or forces equipments, and treating both the natural resources and animals (humans and non-humans) as expendable and insignificant goods. Both groups refused to believe in the utmost faith given to science as the solution to all the problems and it is no surprise that both these revolutions began with very little space between each other. There are people now who support both the groups; environmentalist and animal rights, and feel that there is no distinction or apprehension between the two concepts, and feel that both are concerned about the greater good of the same thing: nature (Jamieson, 1997). "

Tags:animal, rights, environmental, activists, environment

Abstract
This paper discusses the anti-slavery activists in America during the time of the Civil War. The paper illustrates that as a parallel with the abolitionist movement before, during and after the Civil War and in many ways even more activist-based and radical, the 'Underground Railroad' was a very organized effort and was essentially created to assist runaway slaves from the south to escape to freedom in the north. The paper explains that the term itself does not refer to a real railroad but to the carefully planned escape routes which the runaway slaves could follow to the northern states. The paper tells of the heroic activities of many activists, among others: Harriet Tubman, Sojourner Truth, William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass and David Walker.

From the Paper
"Along this Underground Railroad, the escape routes would follow roads, rivers and streams and long-forgotten paths through dense forest or towering mountains. In the East, many of these routes led to major cities, such as Philadelphia; in the Midwest, Cincinnati, Ohio became one of the focal points for escaped slaves, and those with enough courage to continue northward usually ended up at Buffalo, New York or Detroit, Michigan. One particular aspect of the Underground Railroad has been debated for many years, being exactly how many slaves used this clandestine method to obtain their freedom. Since no accurate records exist, it has been estimated "that between 40,000 and 100,0000 slaves managed to escape from the South and start new lives in the North as free and independent Americans before and after Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the end of the Civil War in 1865" (Buckmaster 76)."

Tags:harriet, tubman, douglass, delany, walker

Abstract
This paper examines the controversy surrounding the technology of a verichip, a minute chip injected under the skin and containing personal and security information. It discusses the benefit of such a technology in insuring authorized entry into nuclear plants, plane cockpits, etc. It also presents the arguments of the human rights activists who claim that this could have a detrimental affect on human privacy.

From the Paper
"Recently a great deal of debate has arisen concerning a new technology which promises to radically alter the relationship between government and citizens, business and the consumer, and many aspects of our lives we now take for granted. The technologies being developed by the Applied Digital Solutions Corporation, such as Verichip and the Digital Angel, have been hailed by some as a true advancement in providing services and security in an increasingly complex and dangerous world. However, others fail to be as enthusiastic about the birth of this new technology, and even go so far as to claim it represents a true threat to the liberty, freedom, and privacy of the American people. Others claim that this technology is literally a tool of the devil designed to extend his oppression across the human race. The conflict over these technologies does not seem as if it will significantly impair their continued progress. However, it is important to pay attention to this conflict, and take it into account when thinking about the new technology. One hope some kind of compromise can be created between the security made possible by this new technology and the threat it may pose to human rights."

Tags:privacy, security, access

Abstract
The paper looks at a "Call to Action" for community activists who want to support Wal-Mart entering communities. It also looks at Wal-Mart's relationship with unions and includes copies of sources.

From the Paper
"Wal-Mart did not change the way that Americans shop for goods; there were discount stores such as Kmart that preceded Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart, however, took a different approach in that it established stores in rural areas that were not served by nationwide discounters. In this way, it was able to use its size to its advantage by offering lower prices than other retailers in these remote areas."

Tags:Wal-Mart, community activism, unions

Abstract
This essay enumerates and defends the lack of impact by animal rights activists on producers and consumers of animal products, despite common arguments and convincing tactics.

Abstract
This paper is an argument against PETA's policies regarding the protection of animals at all cost. The author argues that PETA and animal rights activists' policies have led to inequality in the world, and that the poorer nations are suffering as a result of these policies. The author also argues, that there is an order to the world, and that animals and humans each play a specific role in this world order.

From the paper:

"However it?s not acceptable at all for undeveloped or poor countries not having any of those advanced technologies. For instance, because of a lack of crops and vegetables, which results from not having advanced agricultural technology, people in poor and undeveloped countries need to get animals and eat their meat to survive. Besides, far from use and need, animals are like enemies to some tribal people. They have to fight with enemies, and they sometimes have to kill enemies in some cases. The policy of ?animal rights? is valid only for developed countries, and it indicates that such animal rights organizations like PETA mostly consist of people from advanced countries with great consideration for animals and no consideration for the needy elsewhere in the world."

Tags:animal, experimental, experiments, lab, right, rights, poor, nations, society, world, order

Abstract
This paper states that, regardless of whether student activists were rioting or peacefully sitting-in, they played a fundamental role in encouraging social reform in civil rights in the 1960s. The author believes that their volunteerism inspired other youths to more actively participate in their communities and supported a great liberal tradition in colleges and universities. The author feels that, most of all, the activism and gains produced the foundations for many other movements that occurred in the 1960s: The free speech and anti-establishment movements, the anti-war protests and women's rights.

From the Paper
"The social and political conditions of 1960s America spawned a revolutionary attitude. This emerged from the new humanism, a mood that materialized from a deep felt revulsion to man's inhumanity against man. The era's movements were grounded in a democratic vision; the belief that all people should be full members of society, that individuals become empowered through meaningful social participation and that politics should be founded on respect and compassion. The activists attempted to express the voices of those society treated as "other": racial and ethnic minorities, the poor, women, homosexuals, and Vietnamese peasants. Students particularly caught on to this movement and spread it to the general public through protests, demonstrations, and activism within the community."

Tags:reform, example, volunteerism, participation, liberal

Abstract
This paper relays the stories of women activists for prohibition in American history - including an account of Carry Nation's rampage, Francis Willard's organization and Mother Thompson's anti-saloon movement. This is an informative and, at times, humorous account of the history of women and their involvement with anti-saloon, anti-alcohol and their push for prohibition. The paper discusses how these women impacted American history and how these effects are still felt today.

From the Paper
"From the beginning of colonization, rampant alcoholism was a big problem. By the early 1700's, every colony that was inhabited had a deeply rooted alcohol economy to back the growing agricultural market. The most outstanding blemish on our face was Georgia. In such a drunken state was she that in 1735 through 1742 the wrath of Britain was visited upon her population in the form of an early prohibition act, which legally deprived Georgia of rum and brandies. Beer and wine came through unscathed. Almost immediately, the business of black market distilling and distributing of alcohol rose, along with early speakeasies and bootleggers."

Tags:bootleg, distillery, rumrunner