Abstract
The paper claims that while not every type of environmental activism would be considered appropriate for Christians, Christians should participate in the kind of actions that can help preserve and restore the environment that are based on strong spiritual principles that are compatible with their own theology and practice. The paper asserts that ideally, this sort of environmental activism should also allow Christians to demonstrate their faith in action, in the public arena.

From the Paper
"The claim to be presented in this paper is that while not every type of environmental activism would be considered appropriate for Christians, Christians should participate in the kind of actions that can help preserve and restore the environment that are based on strong spiritual principles that are compatible with their own theology and practice. Ideally, this sort of environmental activism should also allow Christians to demonstrate their faith in action, in the public arena."

Tags:environment, christianity, activism

Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that the Internet is an ideal location to participate in activism for women in developing countries. The writer notes that in a world of global politics, a global economy, and even global education, it is not a surprise that global activism takes place. The writer explains that the Internet allows women's issues in developing nations to become more widely known, permits assistance from people in countries who would otherwise be unable to provide it, and allows community building in such a way as was unavailable even a few decades ago. Further, the writer notes that several such activist groups support women's issues in Afghanistan, the focus of this paper.

From the Paper
"The Internet is an ideal location to participate in activism for women in developing countries. In a world of global politics, a global economy, and even global education, it is not a surprise that global activism takes place. The Internet allows women's issues in developing nations to become more widely known, permits assistance from people in countries who would otherwise be unable to provide it, and allows community building in such a way as was unavailable even a few decades ago. Several such activist groups support women's issues in Afghanistan, the focus of this paper. Certain disadvantages do exist in using the Internet for activism on behalf of women in third world nations."

Tags:women, activism, internet

Abstract
This paper considers the stock market in general and the rise of shareholder activism. It concludes that shareholder activism is likely to increase rather than decrease as increasing numbers of investors hold greater amounts of wealth in the market.

From the Paper
"Companies can raise capital in two ways by issuing debt or selling equity. Debt is a straightforward borrowing arrangement that does not change the ownership structure of the firm ..."

Tags:stock market, shareholder activism

Abstract
This paper defines and explains the concept of judicial activism and its origins. It then examines the dangers of judicial activism, particularly in the Australian system of justice. Finally, the paper briefly discusses a few cases that exemplify judicial activism in Australia. The paper concludes that judicial activism is unlawful and unconstitutional and explains why.

Table of Contents:
Defining Judicial Activism
Origin of the Term
Judicial Activism and its Dangers
Cases Exemplifying Judicial Activism in Australia
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The unconstitutional judicial meddling in legal matters and the political arena is a deep-seated threat to the democratic system and the law. The rule of law is of paramount importance and its significance should be maintained. Judges are to be unbiased and objective in its application and refrain from pushing their personal social and political agenda. They should not forget their purpose: to serve the people and the laws made by the people with neutrality and impartiality, and not modify laws. But, sadly, that has been the case for some time now. Judges should be aware that their role, as judges, although important is limited. They should understand and withhold the proper role of the judiciary. Courts should focus solely on applying laws, not on making them."

Tags:impartiality, judges, ruling, judgment

Abstract
This paper discusses the ways that artistic activism portrays Korean girls who were sent to serve military brothels of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) throughout occupied Asia, during World War II. It discusses how, together with international law, litigation and documentation, artistic activism has attempted to draw more supporters to the comfort women's cause.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Artistic Activism
Exhibits in North America
Concluding Discussion

From the Paper
"Far work continues to be promised in the future, as more women and other artists take up the cause of the comfort women, making use of their testimony collected in several countries and what are said to be numerous surviving photographs taken shortly after the end of the War or at different times in the surviving comfort women's futures. For viewers not at all interested in imperial Japan's atrocities in Asia or the comfort women in particular, each work discussed in this paper, nonetheless, succeeds in a kind of informal reminder that what we see in the exterior or a person, or in perceptible emotions, can tell very little indeed as to a person's precise life experience. Of the third or so of comfort women to survive their existences of being military prostitutes, each had an horrendous story of devaluation, violence and injuries of all kinds."

Tags:testimony, IJA, brothel

Abstract
This critical analysis uses the speech of Justice R.S. French entitled "Judicial Activists - Mythical Monsters?" to describe French's view of judicial activism. The jurisprudence theories of natural law and legal positivism are then defined, before applying them to French's view of judicial activism in a critical examination.

From the Paper
"In "Judicial Activists - Mythical Creatures", Justice R.S. French maintains the concept of judicial activism is so elusive and difficult to define, such a concept is a mythical monster. In this essay, I will argue that judicial activism as defined by Justice French in his speech is a significant aspect of the legal system. I will be arguing that both natural law and legal positivism play a significant role in the core debate that underlies the concept of judicial activism. Judicial activism is..."

Tags:terminology, definitions, Divine law, morality, ethics, bias, partiality, interpretation, evolution, justice, decision-making, authority, constitution, separation of powers, judiciary, legislative, executive, philosophy

Abstract
The paper discusses how many African American women engaged in social and political activism during the Emancipation and Reconstruction eras of the 19th century, but unfortunately, their efforts have been largely ignored by historians. The paper argues that a comprehensive and historically accurate narrative of African American history would record that thousands of African American women spoke out publicly for social justice on behalf of themselves, their families and their race at this time with great courage and dedication, even though contemporary attitudes about gender roles and racial issues were a tremendous obstacle and impeded their efforts.

From the Paper
"Many African American women engaged in social and political activism during the Emancipation and Reconstruction eras of the 19th century, but unfortunately, their efforts have been largely ignored by historians. A comprehensive and historically accurate narrative of African American history would record that thousands of African American women spoke out publicly for social justice on behalf of themselves, their families and..."

Tags:african, american, women

Abstract
This paper provides two brief essays related to the U.S. Constitution. The first essay argues that judges should be permitted to engage in judicial activism because the Constitution is a living document. The second argues judges must adhere to judicial restraint because the Constitution is a literal document and their role prescribed in it does not include making or changing the law.

From the Paper
'In "The Challenge of Democracy", Janda et, al. discuss the concept of separation of powers among the executive, legislative and judicial branches of power. Where the Supreme Court or judicial branch is concerned, justices are charged with advancing justice based on the law of the U.S. Constitution. Justices identify the law, determine the facts of the case and then apply the rule of law. However, many justices have gone beyond merely applying the law of the Constitution. In many instances, justices have..."

Tags:separation of powers, judiciary, legislative branch, executive branch, interpretation, values

Abstract
The paper relates that, even after defeating the racist fanatic Hitler and the end of WWII, Caucasian Americans were not ready to open the door for Blacks and Latinos when it came to racial justice. The paper then discusses President Harry Truman's support of civil rights legislation, the GI Bill that improved housing conditions and the Supreme Court's rulings to make segregation unconstitutional. The paper also describes the demonstration of Blacks for social justice and the Latino community's demands for better working conditions and pay. Finally, the paper discusses how there is still job discrimination and racial profiling today, but concludes by emphasizing that the activism of ordinary citizens of color has changed America dramatically since the end of WWII.

From the Paper
"The impact of issues relative to ethnicity, socioeconomic class and gender on African Americans and Latinos from WWII through the 1970s was dramatic and socially significant, both in terms of the welfare of Blacks and Latinos, and in terms of the overall well-being of the nation. The social change activism of Blacks and Latinos, in particular Blacks, and the legal challenges that led the Supreme Court to strike down unfair, unconstitutional laws, changed America from a segregated nation into a far more integrated country - albeit racism and discrimination still exists and may always exist to some degree."

Tags:segregation, racism, discrimination, demonstrations, Supreme, Court

Abstract
The paper discusses how judicial activism is necessary because some issues are too difficult for the political branches of the government to confront. It examines how advocates of the opposing theory of "judicial restraint" hold that the judiciary should follow precedent carefully and defer to legislative decisions. It also analyzes the reasons the system of governmental checks and balances and judicial review was set up.

From the Paper
"Another important principle implicit in the Framers' writings and actions was that no branch of the government is infallible and this must be seen to apply to the majority of voters, whose will is expressed through their elected representatives, as much as it applies to the un-kingly presidency and the nonpartisan judiciary. Thus the will of the majority in various states was that schools be segregated by race and the rules of these localities codified this expressed wish of the majority which resulted in a status quo in which white and black children were educated separately and, according to advocates of the system, equally. Strict adherence to the will of the majority and to the right of states to decide their own course of action would have meant that the Supreme Court could only decide in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) that the majority's wishes must be respected. The decision to order desegregation, however, was based on no explicit Constitutional basis but on the finding that "government-supported racial discrimination violates the principle of equal justice under the law" (Patterson 425). Although this was widely perceived as a case in which the Constitutional principle could not be denied it should also be understood as a textbook case of the need for judicial review and the invalidating of laws that are unconstitutional."

Tags:Constitution, due, process, equal, protection, bill, of, rights, jurisdiction