Abstract
This paper discusses active in-depth learning and looks at the ten principles which guide its application. The paper explains that it is a teaching/learning method designed to stimulate the students to think and create and solve problems and to see the practical application of their learning in the real world.

From the Paper
"This paper looks at the principle of active in-depth learning which is a method of teaching which emphasizes personalized teacher-student and student-student interaction. It promotes creative thinking, problem solving, exploration and experimentation, presenting the learning material in a meaningful real-life way which engages the student's mind and promotes learning. Assessment is based on not only what the student knows but what they can do. Active in-depth learning refers to a method of teaching and learning geared towards interaction between the student and teacher to promote learning and at..."

Tags:in-depth learning, active vs passive

Abstract
The paper defines active citizenship and the importance of active civic and political engagement. The paper examines the need to introduce this concept in school curriculum, making students more aware of their responsibilities as active citizens of a country. The paper discusses several impediments that might come in the way of exercising the right to active participation in local and global affairs.

Outline:
Defining Active Citizenship
Active Citizenship and Social Capital
Active Citizenship and Education
Active Citizenship and Impediments
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Citizenship is an important political and philosophical concept and it occupies a pivotal place in western political thinking. What is citizenship and who is a citizen are questions that have attracted unlimited attention from political circles in western countries. Citizenship is usually associated with belonging to a country that allows a person certain rights. Citizenship is thus seen as a status by virtue of which a person enjoys some important rights such as right to vote, property, education, work etc. However a not so recent but definitely a relatively new concept in the area is that of active citizenship."

Tags:democracy, rights, social, capital, passive, education, impediments

Abstract
This paper explains that nature acts as a pharmacy, offering us products, from the forest pharmacy and the pharmacy below water, with which we can heal ourselves: For example, aspirin, quinine, cyclosporins, and penicillin. This paper details the techniques that are available to researchers, to collect samples of natural products from the wild in a systematic manner, to extract compounds from these samples, to isolate the biologically-active compounds within these extracts, to characterize the biologically-active compounds chemically in terms of their structure, to evaluate the biologically-active compounds biologically, to determine potentially useful therapeutic effects and finally the methodology necessary to take these compounds to clinical trial. The author stresses the importance of finding new and more effective drugs to fight against bacterial infections and cancer. Outline.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Nature's Pharmacopeia.
The Isolation of Biologically-Active Compounds and their Extraction Identification: Techniques
Introduction
Chemical Extraction
Biological Evaluation
Chemical Analysis
Chromatography
Solid Phase Extraction
Paper Chromatography
Thin Layer Chromatography
Flash Chromatography
High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Central Counter Current Chromatography
Determining the Chemical Structure of Compounds Isolated by Chromatography
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Mass Spectrometry
Drug Development
Examples of the Isolation and Identification
An Example of Extraction, Isolation and Chemical Characterization of Biologically-Active Compounds from Larch Wood
Biologically-active Compounds from Marine Organisms
What Compounds Have Been Isolated From Marine Organisms?
Biologically-Active Anti-Cancer Compounds Testing for Human Safety
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Chromatography is the process whereby two or more compounds or ions are separated through the distribution of the compound or ion between two phases, one that is mobile and the other which is stationary. These two phases can be of any combination: liquid-liquid, solid-solid, solid-liquid or gas-liquid, gas-gas, or gas-solid. There are many specific techniques for chromatography, some of which will be described below, and all follow the same basic principles. All forms of chromatography involve a rapid and dynamic equilibrium of molecules between the two phases, either free " mobile - or absorbed " stationary. Molecules will constantly move back and forth between the free and absorbed states, with millions of molecules absorbing and desorbing every second. The equilibrium between these states depends on three factors: the polarity and size of the molecule, the polarity of the stationary phase, and the polarity of the solvent. Thus, three different variables can be changed in chromatography, which can change the equilibrium between the stationary and mobile phases: this allows one to choose mobile and stationary phases that will separate just about any combination of compounds."

Tags:forest, sea, collection, fungi, spectrometry

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to assess the manner in which concepts of active citizenship form much of the foundation for contemporary criminal justice policy. The paper examines how over recent decades ideas of active citizenship have taken a more central role in political discourse and how, as such, at the outset we can conclude that conceptions of active citizenship do to considerable level impact and underpin contemporary criminal justice policy. Above all, it is shown that the growth in political and social support for active citizenship concepts is the result of changes in the cultural and social consciousness in Britain society since the 1950s.

From the Paper
"The reasons which account for this relative preponderance of theoretical and practical importance are varied and diverse. Above all, it will be shown that the growth in political and social support for active citizenship concepts is the result of changes in the cultural and social consciousness in Britain society since the 1950s. Moreover, it is my contention that the emergence of widespread support for active citizenship is due primarily to a breakdown in social and cultural norms in Britain over recent decades. The cohesive community and social consciousness that once characterised British society has in my view dissipated in recent years, a view which is endorsed in some measure by the growth of support for active citizenship. Furthermore, the emergence of active citizenship has had a significant impact on the criminal justice policy and in many ways acts as a theoretical foundation for the criminal justice system as a whole. "

Tags:social, consciousness, community

Abstract
This paper discusses how one of the most controversial debates to concern the medical profession in recent decades is that of physician assisted suicide, or active euthanasia. It examines how among the multitude of issues and complex arguments that surround the debate, there is one fundamental human right that must be acknowledged, that the individual and not society, has ultimate control over his/her future. It evaluates how when applied to the issue of active suicide, the individual relies on the assistance of a physician in carrying out his/her personal wishes and it is this physician-assistance that draws a great deal of criticism from opponents. It shows how many of the arguments against active suicide are centered upon the area of regulation and potential abuse. It analyzes how in the interest of ensuring the individual's right to self-determination and in order to ensure that active suicide occurs in an environment of security and safety, physicians must be allowed to prescribe lethal doses or combinations of drugs to assist terminally ill patients in suicide.

From the Paper
"Another common argument used to oppose active euthanasia is that, if legalized, there is a great risk of the number of assisted deaths spiraling out of control, with an added danger of unscrupulous families or physicians abusing the system. This "slippery slope" theory owes more to atrocities committed by Hitler's Nazi regime, than to any objective or empirical evidence. The number of people requesting physician-assisted euthanasia would be as small as that which currently persuades others to act illegally in order to ease their suffering. Such an argument displays a frighteningly high level of paranoia, and worryingly low level of faith in the individual's desire for life and in the integrity of the medical profession."

Tags:terminally, ill, drugs, regulation, individual

Abstract
This paper examines this article whose purpose is to look at the theory of representative bureaucracy in a slightly different way. Most studies dealing with representative bureaucracy have focused on active representation, but have not looked into the administrative discretion that is often tied to it. It explains how this study seeks not only to discuss the theory of representative bureaucracy, but then move on to administrative discretion and how it is often tied into the active representation of what one does. The main research question is whether administrative discretion and active representation are actually tied together and whether it affects how individuals who are making decisions based on minority status tend to make decisions in favor of those who are of the same race or ethnic background as they are.

From the Paper
"The research model that is used is an empirical analysis and is conducted based on a housing loans program and whether individuals who are of minority descent will have a better chance of getting a home loan if the individual who is helping them with the loan is also of their same background. There are several variables in this particular study, with the first one being administrative discretion (Sowa & Selden, 2003). The variables that were chosen were utilized because they were believed that they would affect the behavior of various administrators and this in turn would determine whether decisions that had to do with minority interest would be made by these individuals. The administrative discretion is used in this particular study to see what impact it has on the various policy outcomes that work in favor of minority interest (Sowa & Selden, 2003)."

Tags:race, ethnic

Abstract
This paper explains and analyzes LDAP technology in detail and provides an overview of its history. The writer discusses how it works, its uses and its limitations. The dominating technology innovation to the LDAP, Active Directory service, was introduced by Microsoft with Windows 2000. AD represents a virtual and hoped for solution to the traditional challenges of LDAP servers. The paper concludes that the greatest benefit that AD provides today is not as a competitor with LDAP but as an innovator and enhancer of the network protocol technology thereof. This paper contains a table.

Outline:
What is LDAP?
How Does LDAP Work?
How is LDAP Used?
What is the Relationship of LDAP to Networking Systems?
Overview of Active Directory (AD), a Microsoft Technology
Relative Comparison of LDAP Technology with AD

From the Paper
"LDAP's were originally integrated as what are known as gateway servers, whereby the LDAP gateway handles information transfer that formerly the client had to process through their own protocols, without access to any others, thus clarifying the general benefit and function of LDAP as interoperability. With the development of LDAP, it became clear that the original X.500 DSA was too cumbersome a technology for the streamlined access that LDAP's were providing. Thus, LDAP absorbed many of the processes of X.500, and departed from X.500 thereof, achieving the technology to run independently, providing streamlined protocol service to clients thereof, in 1994."

Tags:interoperability, information, provider, Netscape, Web, compliance, database, TCP/IP, hierarchical, framework

Abstract
The paper contends that active euthanasia should never be legalized because it is morally wrong. The paper explores passive euthanasia, which is generally accepted when it is clear that a person wants to have no extraordinary measures taken to prolong his/her life. The paper discusses how nurses must be familiar with the complexities of euthanasia. The paper explains that a request for active euthanasia can result in a serious ethical dilemma for the nurse who is unprepared and who has not determined a personal ethical stance.

From the Paper
"Active euthanasia and assisted suicide will very probably never be legalized in Canada. I agree because the ethical principle relating to autonomy is violated in cases of assisted suicide, irrespective of whether or not the patient's consent is given. The view of the Canadian government on assisted suicide has been clear through the 1993 case of Sue Rodriguez. This woman was suffering from Lou Gehrig's disease and requested the right to assisted suicide. A painful death was inevitable and she wished official approval of her eventual need for assisted suicide. The government's decision can be viewed in two ways. First of all, as stated by the court, "Fundamental justice required that a fair balance be struck between the interests of the state and those of the individual" (Kondro, 1993, p. 918). The principle at work was justice and determining what was the best course for all individuals. Assisted suicide, if legalized, can lead to abuse. The other viewpoint is that the court's decision was based on a slippery slope or fear of possible negative outcomes."

Tags:assisted, suicide, ethics, nurses, life-sustaining, treatment

Abstract
The paper discusses how US Justice Stephen Breyer takes issue with originalism as an approach to interpreting the US Constitution and advocates what he calls active liberty, which is a far more activist way of interpreting the Constitution. The paper also describes the intellectual profile of Justice Breyer in the context of his work, his life, his writing and his peers and argues that Justice Breyer's active liberty perspective is a useful one for dealing with the complex constitutional issues that arise in our dynamically evolving society.

From the Paper
"Many of the provisions of the Constitution are somewhat vague. Indeed, it is notoriously difficult to write legislation that is entirely unambiguous in all situations. This means that at times, a judge's task of interpreting and applying the law can seem more like an art than a science. Some judges favour textualism, which means that they try as hard as possible to stick to the letter of the laws as written. For example, Justice Antonin Scalia advocates "originalism," meaning that the courts should attempt to stick to the original meaning of constitutional texts (Ryan). However, other judges tend to be more activist, and have even been accused of using their position to pursue their own agenda, in effect legislating from the bench. "

Tags:originalism, Constitution, practicalities

Abstract
This paper discusses the possible contribution that the various aspects of active play can have on a child's progression towards a mature state. the paper defines play as any activity that is engaged in for the enjoyment it gives, without consideration of an end result such as winning or beating someone. According to the paper, play is entered into voluntarily and lacks in external factors, meaning it is not compulsory or forced upon a young person.

From the Paper
"Music is a popular pastime of many a young person. Enjoyment comes when children produce their own music through either singing or playing an instrument. Dancing is a further branch of active play related to music. Children often make up their own moves to fit the beat or reproduce a pre-choreographed routine that they have been taught or learned through an agent of mass media. Music is an easily accessible form of play. Singing, for example, requires no technical training or equipment whatsoever."

Tags:spontaneous, curiosity, challenge, skills, confidence