Abstract
This is a research paper which examines the following hypotheses :

? People who watch ?The X-Files? will show higher rates of believing the government is hiding information about aliens.

? People who have no religion will show lower rates of believing :

The government is hiding information about aliens

Any of the supernatural activities (a, b, c, d?)

? People who believe in God will show higher rates of believing in other supernatural items.

? People who do not believe in God will show lower rates of believing in other supernatural items.

? People from non-caucasian backgrounds will show less rates of believing in supernatural items other than God.

? There will be higher rates of people with caucasian backgrounds who believe in supernatural items other than God.

? There will be a higher rate of students who believe that the government is hiding information about aliens.

Tags:research, design, method

Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the TV show Saturday Night Live as an artifact that reflects the beliefs and values of college seniors, discussing political activism and the particular counter-culture that the show appeals to.

From the Paper
"An artifact that is common to college seniors across the country is the TV show Saturday Night Live. This is a TV show that originated decades ago on NBC where it has continued to hold its spot in the weekly TV lineup despite major cast changes and the deaths of many of its top comedians through the years. It was developed by Dick Ebersol and Lorne Michaels in response to NBC's search for a show that could go into its Saturday late-night time slot in ..."

Tags:ethnography, artifact, Saturday Night Live, political activism, college students, TV

Abstract
The paper shows how the political background of Abraham Lincoln's activity contributed to the formation of his beliefs on slavery. The paper discusses the two elements of Lincoln's discussions on slavery, namely the political discussions with the Democrats and the moral issues. The paper shows how, although at times he reduced his enthusiasm for the emancipation of the black people, he introduced the element of morality related to slavery. The paper then shows how after the Civil War he came to acknowledge the role slaves must have in healing the wounds of the new nation.

From the Paper
"The issue of slavery represented one of the most important factors which shaped the history of the US and especially the way in which it came to develop. It was seen for many decades as a subject for social upheaval, political debate, and most importantly a matter of human rights. However, regardless of the historical nature of the issues discussed in these debates, there are certain personalities which influenced, in a positive or negative way, the entire debate. In the case of slavery, one such personality was Abraham Lincoln one of the most important personalities of the country and at the same time an essential part in the debates on slavery. Although his name is often related to the Emancipation Proclamation or to his debates with Stephen Douglas, his beliefs on the issue of slavery stand above these acts or events."

Tags:morality, empowerment, Civil, War, Douglas

Abstract
The paper discusses the life of Ida Wells-Barnett and the many activities and movements she was involved in during her lifetime. The paper describes how not only did she tell the government what she believed, but she boldly spoke to women, men, clubs and organizations about her beliefs on racial inequalities, lynching and other suffrage topics. The paper portrays how Ida Wells-Barnett was an African American woman who believed in changing inequalities and boldly did so through speeches, newspapers, journals and books while taking after the man that affected her life the most, her father.

Tags:racial, inequalities, bibliography

Abstract
This paper focuses on the belief's of ancient philosopher Aristotle regarding moral responsibility. The paper explains that Aristotle believed that we are morally responsible for our conception of the good life, and based this belief on his determination that every form of activity people engage in has an ultimate goal which they consider good. Furthermore, the paper notes, Aristotle argued that because there cannot be an endless regression of external motivations, there must be an intrinsic motivation for achieving the highest good; this highest good is the goal towards which all human activity is directed.

From the Paper
"Aristotle believed that we are morally responsible for our conception of the good life, and based this belief on his determination that every form of activity people engage in has an ultimate goal which they consider good. Furthermore, Aristotle argued that because there cannot be an endless regression of external motivations, there must be an intrinsic motivation for achieving the highest good. This highest good is the goal towards which all human activity is directed."

Tags:Greek, philosophy, ancient, wisdom, personal

Abstract
This paper considers Aristotle's philosophy on ethics by discussing the various arguments made in his work, "Nicomachean Ethics." It shows how Aristotle bases his theories on the belief that every action is aimed at some good and that there exists a supreme good which is the ultimate aim of all human activity. According to Aristotle, this supreme good is happiness, the state that every individual is ultimately seeking. It examines how this happiness can be obtained by the internal processes of the individual, which impact their actions, with these actions based on developing habit. It concludes that. while Aristotle's argument has some questionable points;overall, it is an effective model for ethical behavior.

From the Paper
"The second thing that Aristotle rejected as a means of achieving happiness is honor. Honor is achieved by society recognizing an individual. This can also include honor in the form of fame, which is a type of honor based on an individual being recognized for something. In considering why honor is not the ultimate source of happiness, it must be noted that if honor were the ultimate source of happiness, individuals would operate on the basis of being recognized for their actions. This would result in a focus on being accepted by others. This focus on expecting honor as a reward for good actions, undermines the real search for happiness."

Tags:morals, honor, happiness, individual, behavior

Abstract
The paper discusses Aristotle's belief that human beings are morally responsible for their conception of the good life, which was based on his determination that every form of activity people engage in has an ultimate goal that they consider good. The paper explains Aristotle's argument that because there cannot be an endless regression of external motivations, an intrinsic motivation for achieving the highest good must exist. The paper further explains how moral responsibility extends across desires to the conduct those desires produce and to the ends such conduct achieves.

From the Paper
"Aristotle believed that we are morally responsible for our conception of the good life, and based this belief on his determination that every form of activity people engage in has an ultimate goal which they consider good. Furthermore, Aristotle argued that because there cannot be an endless regression of external motivations, there must be an intrinsic motivation for achieving the highest good. This highest good is the goal towards which all human activity is directed."

Tags:external, intrinsic, motivation, good, virtue, feelings, happiness, conduct

Abstract
An analysis of the similarities between the secular author of "Letter to Peregrino Zambeccari", the Italian humanist and proto-nationalist Coluccio Salutati, whose life was filled chiefly with political and administrative matters, and the holy order of the unworldly French Trappists. It shows how both stress a physical and active life as the best way of accessing God. A physical and lived existence in the world is the best way of accessing God?s love and the purest form of poetry.

From the Paper
"True, the "Letter to Peregrino Zambeccari", is mainly concerned with relating to the world in an earthly context, while the Trappist view focuses on the relationship between the human and the divine, and how best to achieve that connection and relation during the limited time human beings dwell upon the earthy. But the "Letter" is not merely an economic or political manifesto. It places the philosophy of mercantilism and Italian nationalism in a larger Roman political tradition and history. Also, Trappist belief structures were quite detailed in their physical as well as their philosophical nature, as only through regulating the body properly could one gain full access and love of God as "Letter to Peregrino Zambeccari" suggests that only through proper regulation of the economic and political body can the full range of Roman principles be realized in Salutati's contemporary Italy."

Tags:coluccio, salutati, humanist, god, love

Abstract
This paper is about Emma Goldman and her various theories, political, societal and moral. It focuses on her forty years spent as an American, especially the years when she was an active member of the anarchist party. It details her involvement in the assassination of Henry Frick, and her accusal in the assassination of President McKinley. It also discusses how her divergent views involving feminism without suffrage, created isolation among politics that she lived with her entire life. Her involvement in the burgeoning sexual revolution and her persona as a figurehead of the atheists and a violent inciter is also expanded upon.

From the Paper
"Emma Goldman put very little worth upon the idea of government as a protector of the greater society. Emma Goldman rejected the idea that philosophy could ever be political and she spent her time and energy trying to defeat all types of organized government that she so detested. Her radical and uncompromising views on the nature of government left her without a political forum to embrace, and shaped her reaction to and participation in American anarchism."

Tags:anarchism, anarchy, atheism, feminism, incitor, rebellion, suffrage

Abstract
This paper discusses how for centuries now, Machiavellian, as a term, has come to represent unbridled power-grabbing and manipulation in government, the amoral accumulation of power by tyrannical dictators and usurpers. It looks at how he was a dedicated Republican who lost favor and position in the government in no small part because he had led a people's army to protect the Florentine Republic from the reinstatement of the Medician ogliarchy and been active throughout his life in support of the Republic. It also evaluates why his name has come to be almost synonymous with undemocratic ideals of Republics. It examines how his discourses on the "First Ten Books of Titus Livius" are an inspiring and idealistic, yet painfully realistic, exploration of the demands and guidelines of a liberated Republic while "The Prince" is seen as a manifesto for leadership.

From the Paper
"In The Prince, Machiavelli suggests a series of political realities for consideration, and their impact on the business of tyranny/princeship. One of the most important concepts he teaches is that of virtue, defined in the context as courage and innate or learned ability and other such martial and political strengths animated by what Nietzsche and other later philosophers would call the Will (to Power). He writes of this trait in both books, attributing it to all great leaders and soldiers. He further explains that fortune may sometimes make a Prince or leader by presenting him with difficult situations which may lead to spectacular solutions. (For example, Romulus experienced fortune in his exile, for otherwise he would not have had the opportunity to found Rome) Perhaps it is a nod to this theory of hardship that Machiavelli begins the book with a dedication to the man who put him in prison."

Tags:the, prince, democracy, republican, government