Abstract
This paper analyzes and examines Sigmund Freud's bungled actions theory. The writer explores the basis for the theory and uses several examples to illustrate how Freud believed it worked. According to the theory, there is no such thing as an accident, but rather an unconscious desire. The author concludes that Freud believed it was necessary to explore these bungled actions by understanding their foundational roots. Only then could the person let go of the problem and have a healthier mental attitude.

Outline
Introduction
What It Is
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Before one can begin to understand the many underlying and sublime underpinnings of bungled actions as Freud understood them it is important that one first have a basic grasp and understanding of the theory itself. Freud developed the theory of Bungled Actions as a method to explain when things happen that seem to be accidental but play right into what that person desires at the time. The desire may not even be a conscious or purposeful event, but can be something that is desired in the subconscious and the accident or bungled action provides a means to get that desire accomplished."

Tags:Sigmund, Freud, bungled, actions, theory

Abstract
This paper discusses the legal recognition of grounds for a civil lawsuit including acts of negligence, intentional torts and strict liability as forms of tortious conduct. The author points out damages in civil actions and their purpose.

From the Paper
"Negligence, intentional torts and strict liability are all forms of tortious conduct for which the law recognizes grounds for a civil lawsuit The word tort comes from the Latin word tortus which means twisted or wrong. Tort has come to mean a ..."

Tags:negligence, intentional tort, strict liability, torts, civil actions

Abstract
This paper serves as a defense for the "Simple View" of the relationship between intentions and intentional action. In this view, an agent does action X intentionally only if she intended to do X. This view is subject to criticism through examples of actions that were completed intentionally but were not intended by the agent. Such examples are forwarded by Gilbert Harman and Michael Bratman and are used to refute the Simple View. The goal of this paper is to defend the Simple View against the examples presented by Harman and Bratman by showing how Bratman's own definition of "intention" allows for the actions in his examples to be qualified as both intentional and intended. This paper serves as a follow-up to Hugh McCann's ""Settled Objectives and Rational Constraints," which serves to counter some of Bratman and Harman's examples. It continues McCann's effort to defend the Simple View on a wider range of examples.

From the Paper
"There are two types of examples that seem to cause all kinds of problems for what Michael Bratman terms the "Simple View" of the relationship between intentional actions and intentions. The Simple View maintains that if an agent does an action A intentionally, then she intended to do A. The two groups of examples of intentional actions that seem to present challenges to the Simple View can be categorized by the nature of the beliefs and desires surrounding them. In the first group are intentional actions that the agent desires to achieve but is fairly or completely certain that she will not be able to do. This includes examples like Alfred Mele's golfer Lydia who is trying to hit a hole in one to win a million dollars. In the second group of examples are intentional actions that the agent believes she will carry out - either as a direct action or as a side effect of some other action - but that she really does not want to do. Let us call this group of actions grudging actions . This group includes examples like Gilbert Harman's sniper who knows he is going to alert the enemy to his presence by trying to shoot his target. In "Settled Objectives and Rational Constraints," Hugh McCann offers a defense for the Simple View against examples from the first group, but he conspicuously does not address examples from the second set, leaving the Simple View vulnerable on this important front. In this paper I will attempt to follow up McCann by offering a reasonable defense for the Simple View for examples of grudging actions under Bratman's definition of intention. First, I will draw a distinction between two types of intentional actions that can fall into this group: direct actions and what I will call side-effect actions. This distinction will allow us to focus on the side-effect examples - which are really the only problematic ones for the Simple View - but it will also reveal an important point about how intentions to do something can hold up in the face of strong or even prevailing negative desires (i.e., desires not to do something). Building from there, I will then attempt to reconcile the Simple View with the side-effect examples and in doing so will consider a strong objection of Bratman's to the labeling of agents in these types of actions as intending these actions. "

Tags:action, bratman, effects, example, harman, intentional, intentions, mccann, mele, side, simple, sniper, view

Abstract
This paper examines community action programs (CAP's) and how they relate to substance abuse or dependence and HIV/AIDS prevention. The paper highlights which community programs promote initiatives to combat substance use and how it affects HIV/AIDS.

Outline:
Introduction
Community Actions Programs

From the Paper
"With this being understood Community Action Programs that address both issues are needed and necessary. The article explains that one such program called the Circle of Care which operates in Detroit, Michigan. This program offers ongoing assistance to those suffering form HIV/AIDS and substance abuse. The program uses assessment planning, intervention and evaluation to assist those with these problems. The program provides accompaniment to healthcare appointments, has an integrative treatment program, and the program also makes sure that participants are adhering to the plan (Anderson et al). According to the author the treatments from this program resulted in improved health and functioning and decreased drug use. "

Tags:government, grants, agencies, outpatient, drugs, disease

Abstract
The paper first looks at "King Richard the III" and his charade of love, bewitching personality and the dominance of women and their gullability. The paper then examines "Huckleberry Finn" where Huck decides for himself the difference between right and wrong, morality and immoral nature. The paper turns to William Blake's "Songs of Innocence" that describes a society where people were free of the plague of knowledge but then become aware of their actions and their free will. Finally, the paper looks at Woody Allen's characters in "Crimes and Misdemeanors" and their epiphanies of self-identity and retribution for their crimes. In this way, the paper shows how each work portrays the human struggle for morality.

Outline:
King Richard the III
Finn
Songs of Innocence
Crimes and Misdemeanors

From the Paper
"Huckleberry Finn is a character whose main purpose seems almost like a young tale of the Iliad in which fate seems to simply happen to Huck Finn. The events leading up to his stay with the widow Douglas he accounts are no fault of his own, as the metaphor of the story is found with the great Mississippi River so does Huck Finn's life simply flow along until he makes a conscious choice. This choice comes into being when Huck decides that 'sivilised' life is not for him.
"Jim gives advice to Huckleberry Finn about the disappointments found in the world and how a man may be able to handle himself by making conscious choices. . Jim states similarly to Finn that he should experience what life has to offer and decide for himself the difference between right and wrong, morality and immoral nature."

Tags:characters, right, wrong, retribution, self-identity

Abstract
This paper offers the argument that civil RICO actions have gone beyond reasonable bounds and constitute an unreasonable burden on the American civil justice system.

From the Paper
"This research paper discusses the state of the law concerning civil causes of actions brought under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations, RICO, part of the Organized Crime Control Act and then examines some of their broad ramifications for American society."

Tags:racketeer, influenced, and, corrupt, organizations, act, (RICO)

Abstract
This paper is a detailed analysis of the passage in Book 8 of "The Odyssey" by Homer, where Odysseus outwardly heaps praise upon the bard Demodokos, while rhetorically suggesting differences between those who sing of others' excellence and those who actually achieve it. The writer explains how the words used by Odysseus as well as the structure of the sentences work together to elevate him and his achievements above Demodokos. The writer shows how this passage presages the content of the subsequent four books of the poem, and how Odysseus' actual experiences, which he recounts in those books, give him an authority in storytelling that Demodokos could never have.

From the Paper
"On the other hand, applying his own cunning, exercising his own stamina, and bearing his own motivation, Odysseys achieves glory. With little divine intervention, Odysseus "filled [the stratagem] once with men" (line 494), "brought it to the upper city" (lines 494-495), and "sacked Ilion" (line 495); unlike the syntax surrounding Demodokos, all three of these active verbs describing Odysseus mirror the Greek warrior's self-sufficiency and do-it-yourself approach. Because commas separate the individual achievements from one another, forming a list of everything Odysseus has accomplished, his feats seem even greater in number. The joint effect of the active verbs and list form of the sentence creates a succession of aretae examples that reinforce Odysseus's spoken kleos with a history of action."

Tags:rhapsode immortal Circe, Trojan War, gods Greek meaning diction

Abstract
This paper discusses a question raised in Mill's utilitarianism with reference to the works of that thinker and also Kant. After defining what is meant by the "rightness" or "wrongness" of an action, the paper discusses the phenomenon of assigning motives to agents in making a moral judgment. The difference between expected and actual consequences and its importance to the debate is emphasized. The paper ends with a discussion of the philosophy of Kant, which is found to be inadequate, as is the "motive-utilitarianism" of Singer.

From the Paper
"The question of whether an agent's motive in performing an action affect any possible moral judgment of it is a deceptively complex one. At first glance it seems quite straightforward, mainly because people in general spend much time debating, and generally concentrating on, others' motives. A good example is the multitude of detective stories over the years which reveal as a shocking climax the motive for the murder: a bogus insurance claim or a crime of furtive passion. These things have conditioned people to keep in mind the motives of others as they go about their lives, although many philosophers have argued that the motives and actions should be considered independently, as part of different categories. There is a much more complex relationship between the two than may be expected. The question also links quite closely with some others, extremely important to moral philosophy, and utilitarianism in particular."

Tags:bentham, fairness, happiness, justice, kant, mill, moral, morality, pain, pleasure, utilitarianism, utility

Abstract
The paper relates that one of Jesus' disciples, James, posed the following question some 2,000 years ago: "What good does it do, my brothers, if someone claims to have faith but does not prove it with actions?" (James 2:14, Bible, International Standard Version). The paper relates that the debate over faith versus actions (also referred to as faith versus deeds) has raged on ever since; some of the greatest thinkers have come down on the side of actions, and have striven to live their lives in accordance with this conviction, while others have seen no need to demonstrate their faith with actions. This paper compares and contrasts the implicit stances of three great thinkers on the issue of faith versus actions: Albert Schweitzer, Leo Tolstoy, and Simone Weil.

From the Paper
"One of Jesus' disciples, James, posed the following question some 2,000 years ago: "What good does it do, my brothers, if someone claims to have faith but does not prove it with actions?" (James 2:14, Bible, International Standard Version). The debate over faith versus actions (also referred to as faith versus deeds) has raged on ever since. Some of the greatest thinkers have come down on the side of actions, and have striven to live their lives in accordance with this conviction. Others have seen no need to demonstrate their faith with actions. This essay..."

Tags:tolstoy, schweitzer, weil

Abstract
This paper shows that the danger of tyrannical abuses of power that had once so deeply concerned the Anti-Federalists was realized by Abraham Lincoln's abuses of his executive power that took place during the American Civil War. The paper argues that the most important of these was his suspension of the writ of habeas corpus. Other actions that may have exceeded the limits of presidential authority included the closing of mail services to publications considered to be treasonous, the imprisonment of individuals who had merely exercised their First Amendment rights to free speech by publicly opposing the war and Lincoln's actions, and several financial arrangements in support of the war, such as paying civilians a total of $2 million to assist in military recruiting. The paper explains that under the Constitution, Congress rather than the president has the authority to declare war and to control the mails, the military and the purse.

From the Paper
"During the critical formation stages of our government, several issues on which many of the Founding Fathers disagreed still demanded to be resolved. One of the major problems that bothered the Anti-Federalists was the amount of power provided to the executive, which they believed was too extensive and far-reaching. They feared that this excessive authority might eventually allow the executive to become tyrannical, and a tyrannical executive power was exactly what these men had managed to escape from in England through the Revolutionary War. Less than a century after the Founders had abandoned the Articles of Confederation and the states had ratified our Constitution, the executive did in fact demonstrate this dangerous foray into tyrannical abuses of power that had once so deeply concerned the Anti-Federalists."

Tags:federalist, Framer, Madison, John, Merryman, Confederacy