Abstract
The paper looks at Ernest Hemingway's, "Across the River and into the Trees", and argues that the text does an admirable job of capturing the weariness, the cynicism, the lingering shadows, and the potentiality of Italy in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War; in a real sense, it is an historical novel because of its references and tone and because of some of the indelible images Hemingway creates. The paper explores all of this and looks also at where the book stands relative to other Hemingway books and its relationship to the work of other writers from the period. In the end, "Across the River and into the Trees" is a book that captures nicely Italy in 1950 - and Ernest Hemingway as he was at the mid-point of the twentieth century.

Tags:hemingway, trees, river

Abstract
The paper looks at Ernest Hemingway's "Across the River and into the Trees" and conveys how the text does an admirable job of capturing the weariness, the cynicism, the lingering shadows and the potentiality of Italy in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War. The paper looks at this book relative to Hemingway's other books as well as its relationship to the work of other writers from the period.

From the Paper
"To begin with, Across the River and into the Trees was released in 1950. At that time, Italy was less than a decade removed from the Second World War and from the disastrous reign of Benito Mussolini. As a result of this, many of the old wounds - wounds caused by the association with Hitler, the disastrous reign of Il Duce, the country's heavy losses in history's most costly war- were still fresh, still sore. Beyond that, the country was going through a period of relative upheaval, with the dramatic ascendancy of the "New Left" and with the deliberate purging of anyone involved with Mussolini's fascist party. Finally, the country wracked with concern (or at least its allies were wracked with concern) over the ability of democracy to flourish in a land that had no real tradition (at least in recent decades) of democratic governance (Salvati, 556-559)."

Tags:weariness, cynicism, Italy, colonel, war

Abstract
This thematic paper explores the Christian dynamic and its appeal in various settings across the world. According to the paper, Christianity offers adherents a new life. The paper concludes by stating that monotheism is a superior approach to religion, and has provided a new identity and personal relationship with the divine.

From the Paper
"This paper refers to patterns by which twenty-five countries experienced the arrival of Christianity, making use of class reports on different cases that impart the religion's arrival as a significant change of one variety or another. C.T. McIntire explained how a most important historical aspect of the Christian world is a concept of 'becoming, being, and ceasing to be,' so that the adoption of Christianity entailed some sort of important change. (1984, 30) McIntire went on to explain human phenomena in what he called 'culture making' and also 'what we may call' ..."

Tags:christianity, allegories, template

Abstract
This paper analyzes the novel, "Carry Me Across the Water", by Ethan Canin. The author examines the hero's quest aspects of the novel, and discusses Canin's characterization of the protagonist, August Kleinman.

Abstract
This paper examines the central themes in "Carry Me Across the Water," Ethan Canin's novel of an aging man confronting his past. It also looks at the author's use of interior monologue with the story told in a series of montages.

From the Paper
" August Kleinman, the protagonist of Ethan Canin's novel titled Carry Me Across the Water is introduced as a man whose life had shown him the fruit and dirt of the world, he had killed one man and possibly a second ..."

Tags:novels, Ethan Canin, literary analysis

Abstract
The paper considers the factors that can indicate that change implemented successfully in one department will port successfully to other groups within the organization.

From the Paper
"When one department experiences success due to implementing changes, the organization naturally may want to expand that success across additional departments. However, organizations are often surprised when change initiatives that are successful among one group fail to transition to other groups. The reasons for this can be many, including departmental culture that resists the new change. When evaluating which changes to implement, companies need to look at the nature of the success. If a department has reduced costs, for example, are the..."

Tags:change, management

Abstract
This paper attempts to evenhandedly cover both the possibility of abuse in the relationship from both sides as well as the ability of Alice and Channing Lewis to cross sociocultural racial boundaries.

From the Paper
""Love Across the Color Lines" is a project that captures the interracial romance between Alice Hanley and Channing Lewis in the early 1900's. Horowitz, a genuine historian, shows intellectual honesty in her analysis of these letters, objectively chronicling both the ups and the downs of Channing and Alice's relationship to each other and the society that they lived in. Although their story was not without it's hurdles, the relationship is a unique and touching example of love across racial boundaries."

Tags:abuse, black, domestic, gender, history, marriage, race, relationship, sexism

Abstract
This paper discusses the human ability to communicate and cites recent research into communication among other so-called "higher" forms of animal life.

Outline:
Introduction
Communication Theory and Intercultural Communication
Communication Through Symbolism and Ritual
Complex Ideas and the Limits of Nonverbal Communication Across Cultural Barriers
Conclusion

From the Paper
"According to contemporary anthropologists and evolutionary biologists, the essential element of humanity that differentiates us from our nearest evolutionary cousins is our ability to communicate, and in particular, our ability to do so verbally. Some authorities believe that verbal communication is a natural result of our large cranial capacity while others suggest the reverse, characterizing the latter as one beneficial consequence of the former (Poole, et al 2007).
"In recent years, research into communication among other so-called "higher" forms of animal life has led to a different possible conclusion altogether, in that human communication may differ much more in degree than in kind from other mammals and from our closest Simian relatives. Despite the fact that human communication may
represent the pinnacle of intraspecies communication, whales, for just one example, may have equally complex varieties of sounds that lie much closer to human language than previously suspected.(Gerrig & Zimbardo 2005)."

Tags:evolutionary, intraspecies, sounds

Abstract
When most people think of a hero's journey, they think of a young man. In his evocative work, "Carry Me Across the Water", author Ethan Canin begins the tale of a hero's journey with quite an old man, August Kleinman. The paper explores how the story is told through a cleverly woven series of "now" and "then" vignettes and at the end of the book, it is plain that this man is, in a very ordinary sense, a hero. The paper also examines the legendary journey that Kleinman makes in his life and compares his story to that of 'traditional' heroes from antiquity such as Odysseus and Aeneas.

I. Hero
A. Legend, Not Myth
1. Ginger
2. Isabela
B. Kleinman is Man, not God
II. The Journey
A. "Miraculous" Child
B. Maternal Training; No Advice
C. Avoiding Sirens
D. Extraordinary Strength
III. The New Land
A. Pittsburgh
B. "Yom Kipper"
IV. End of Journey
A. The Swing/Asher
B. No Advice/Asher

From the Paper
"Whether or not Kleinman took advice, then or ever, it is clear that he claimed all the lands he inhabited. He refused to maintain the Jewish pronunciation of Yom Kippur, calling it instead Yom Kipper, the way the Gentiles said it, the way his wife might have said it early on. He "bought" Isabela's loyalty after his wife's death. He brings his grandson into his landscape (the park, against his son's wishes), and teaches him a hero's ways. That the entire future of the "race," Kleinman's post-journey family, is resident in Asher is certain."

Tags:interfaith, marriage, mythic, Jewish

Abstract
This paper begins by highlighting the primary role played by communication in gender issues throughout the world and points up the variations within cultures. The paper then describes some salient elements of intercultural communication in order to illustrate how gender communication is a form of intercultural communications. Finally, the paper makes recommendations on how to develop effective intercultural communication skills to the situation of variations of women across cultures.

From the Paper
"There are two assumptions from communication theory (both classical and contemporary theories) that help situate one's overview on gender and communication. First, communication is epistemic. That is to say, communication is the medium by which one comes to know things (it has been argued that absolute truth was inaccessible to humans; hence, truth had to be established by human standards. Similarly, contemporary rhetorical theorists argue that truth is socially constructed through language and other symbol systems)."

Tags:interpretation, gender, differences, epistemic, rhetorical, axiological, value, laden