Abstract
This report consist of six parts -
The first part briefly analyzes the market position of sample cross-border acquisition companies: France Telecom and Orange Plc and finds out their pre-acquisition industry aspect.
Second part determines the motives for merger and acquisition of these two companies. How synergy plays an important role in this stage.
Third part finds out the respective strategies each company adopted, how acquirer uses proper tactics to takeover other one and how the vulnerable company defenses its position. Within this, the report also presents the decision making that why the Board of Directors of the target company would accept the bid.
Fourth part reviews the possible methods that the companies could use to finance the merger or acquisition.
Fifth part analyzes the market share movement in terms of pre-merger, during merger, and post-merger. And also according to the chart to find out if the merger or acquisition benefits to shareholders.
Final part discusses the possible factors besides the market share movement that influence shareholder wealth. In some extent analyze if the merger or acquisition served to help the maximization of shareholder wealth.

Table of Contents
Executive summary
Introduction
An overview of the pre-merger market positions
Motives for the merger and acquisition
The defenses and attack strategies
Financing methods of merger and acquisition
Share price analysis
Evaluation of merger and acquisition
Conclusion
Reference
Bibliography

From the Paper
"Market power exists when the firm can sell its products over the existing competitive market price or when its manufacturing, distribution, and service costs are lower than competitors?. Michael A. H. Jeffrey S. H. R. Duane I. (P151, 2001) argued that the effectiveness of decisions made and actions taken result in the firm developing market power in terms of both revenues and costs. Market power is a product of the firms' size, the degree of sustainability of its current competitive advantages, and its ability to make decisions today that will yield new competitive advantages for tomorrow."

Tags:acquisition, deutsche, finance, financial, financing, france, management, merger, orange, share, telecom, telecommunication, telekom

Abstract
This paper is a case study involving a potential acquisition candidate for a US based distributor of electronic components. It examines the methodologies used in determining the purchase price, and the challenges in properly valuing an acquisition.

From the Paper
"Lester Electronics is a publicly traded company run by Bernard Lester. Shang-wa Electronics is a manufacturing company managed by John Lin. Transnational Electronics Corporation is a publicly traded company interested in acquisitions. Avril is a multinational company interested in acquiring companies it considers important to its strategy of diversification. Transnational Electronics (TE) recognizes a growing demand for specialty capacitors such as those manufactured by Shang-wa, and has expressed interest in acquiring this company. If this happens, Lester Electronics believes that the long-standing business partnership between Lester..."

Tags:Acquisitions come due diligence, purchase price, corporations, mergers, stock, debt, leverage, ratio analysis, common stock, generally accepted accounting principle

Abstract
In this article the writer looks at he actions of the Federal Acquisition Reform Act (FARA) of 1995. The writer discusses FARA's accomplishments.

From the Paper
"The Federal Acquisition Reform Act (FARA) of 1995 accomplished much in the way of streamlining the government contracting and purchasing activity across the spectrum of government and military spending activity. FARA itself includes such aspects of federal acquisition regulations as: * Competition * Commercial items * Reform provisions related to certification requirements among others ..."

Tags:federal, acquisitions, reform, acquisitions

Abstract
This paper gives an in-depth description of how culture acquisition is a spectrum with monocultural identity on one side of the spectrum and transculturation on the other. It further notes that culture acquisition is a journey of discovery and negotiation and is right at the heart of language learning. Various scholars and their works are cited.

From the Paper
"...suggests that culture acquisition (CA) is a spectrum with monocultural identity on one side of the spectrum and transculturation (identification with the host culture) on the other (p. 28); thus, CA is a journey of discovery and negotiation. In fact, the CA journey is right at the heart of language learning. For example, Tong (1997) argues that "the acquisition and use of English is a measure of the degree to which students have become acculturated to the host culture" (p. 45). In other words, in the academic studies cited by Tong, it is not language skill..."

Tags:culture, acquisition, language

Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the phenomenon of mergers and acquisitions. In particular, the writer examines why companies choose to grow by merger or acquisition, and the potential beneficial effects as well as the risks of these methods of growth.

From the Paper
"The term merger refers or relates to the concept of combining two or more companies. In contrast an acquisition involves a takeover in which one company is targeted by another to be purchased. As a result of an increase in competition and in response to increasing threats relating to globalization of the world economy many companies have elected to try to grow by merger and acquisition. The rationale for doing so is fairly straightforward many companies believe that they can remain competitive or can become more ..."

Tags:Mergers Acquisitions, Risks, Mitigation, Economies of Scale, Organizations, Synergies, Market Size, Market Share, Benefits, Costs, Risks

Abstract
This paper discusses mergers and acquisitions (M&A) and how they are financed. Particularly focus is paid to financing via stock swaps, cash and stock, and leveraged buyouts as well as hostile takeovers. The Sears-Kmart merger is used as an illustrative example of M&A activity while risk mitigation is included at the conclusion of the document. In the final analysis companies need to be prepared to walk away from a cross border merger or acquisition.

From the Paper
"From one perspective they are viewed as an excellent way to achieve growth and market share without extensive resources dedicated to organically growing the enterprise, while on the other hand they can also be viewed as a competitive strategy to remove a market threat (Mastracchio & Zunitch, 2002). In any event, M&A has come to be associated with a specific category of corporate finance and management that involves either merging two companies into one or in an outright purchase of another company. In either case, M&A requires extensive due diligence that involves extreme examination of the each company's accounting records and financial reports in an effort to avoid any liability concerns following the M&A activity."

Tags:mergers, acquisitions, mitigation

Abstract
The linguistics of second language acquisition is discussed from a North American point of view, i.e., the continual presence of newcomers who need to acquire a command of the English language. A research deficit is explained which relates to differing cultural origins and English L2 vocabulary acquisition.

Tags:second, language, acquisition

Abstract
This report analyzes the Hewlett-Packard acquisition of Compaq. The focus is on the strategic planning process associated with the acquisition. The perspective of the analysis is Hewlett-Packard's and the conclusion is that Hewlett-Packard's strategy was effective and appropriate and benefited the company.

Tags:Strategic, planning, acquisition, Internal-External, Matrix, TOWS, Matrix, SWOT

Abstract
This paper is about the acquisition of Telecorp by AT&T. It analyzes the accounting method used to record the transaction and the circumstances or transaction attributes that support the accounting method. The paper evaluates the structure of the merger transaction, and comments on the managerial and financial synergies of the combination, and the expected effect on expected revenues and costs, and the effect of the transaction on the stock prices of the companies involved. It reviews the tax effects of the merger, and looks at changes in stock price after the merger was announced

From the Paper
"TeleCorp PCS Inc is in a joint venture with AT T Wireless Services to build and operate digital wireless networks. TeleCorp is AT T Wireless' largest affiliate with licenses to serve more than million people in ten states..."

Tags:Acquisition Telecorp AT&T, stock acquisition transaction, SEC, 8-k, Form 10-K, accounting method, merger, consolidation, managerial and financial synergies, expected revenues and costs, stock prices, tax effects

Abstract
The learning of a second language is something that is most easily carried out in childhood, perhaps as part of elementary education as opposed to secondary school. This paper takes a mainly psychological approach in assessing why early language acquisition is desirable in a world which will increasingly value persons who are able to communicate in more than one medium.

Tags:language, acquisition