Abstract This paper outlines and reviews an article on hospital acquired pneumonia from the medical journal Chest. It first gives an introduction, listing all of the article and study main points, as well as the findings. Then it looks at the hospital settings involved in the article as well as the hospital setting problems that have been found by the author and researchers. Next, the article discusses correlational statistical procedures, these being the study and comparison of different invasive and noninvasive techniques that are used by medical staff.
From the Paper "The author first introduces the topic of hospital-acquired pneumonia, or HAP. The seriousness of this ailment has led the author to study the effectiveness and necessity of various forms of cultures that may detect and diagnose just what the cause of HAP is in any given case. Each type of HAP-diagnosing method is discussed and studied, as seen in patients on ventilators who are suffering from HAP, as well as general hospital patients who succumb to the affliction."
Abstract This paper discusses the issue of after-acquired evidence in court cases. The paper presents a focus on this factor in cases that deal with employment discrimination. To illustrate the topic, the paper provides the 1995 case of McKennon versus Nashville Banner, wherein the Supreme Court made its determination about after-acquired evidence. The paper also examines civil rights laws such as Title VII and the ADEA, that are aimed at reducing discrimination in employment practices.
From the Paper "For years the circuit courts had been disputing whether or not, 'in an employment discrimination case, evidence of employee wrongdoing that was acquired by an employer after a discriminatory discharge could be used in defeating an employee's claim of employer discrimination" under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII) or the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA). The Fourth, Sixth, Eighth and Tenth Circuits maintained that after-acquired evidence was admissible. However, the Third and Eleventh Circuits believed that such evidence could not provide an employer with an affirmative defense to an employment discrimination case. The Seventh Circuit went back and forth between admissibility."
This well-researched paper analyzes the cause and effect of ventilator-acquired pneumonia (VAP) while also discussing treatment and prevention by way of routine oral care positioning.
Abstract This paper defines ventilator-acquired pneumonia (VAP) as a specific strain of bacterial pneumonia which takes place when one's general pulmonary defense system ceases to function properly due to high levels of bacteria. The writer of this paper contends and explains why this particular strain of infectious bacterial pneumonia is often incurred during extended hospital stays. This paper details the manner in which the disease is spread via bodily fluids such as tears and saliva. This paper analyzes the use of specialized oral care positioning to both treat and prevent cases VAP. This paper also examines the success rate of preventative oral care at the Vanderbilt Medical Center in Tennessee.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Oral Care to Reduce Ventilator Acquired Pneumonia
Elevating Heads of Beds for Patients on Mechanical Ventilation
Other Precautions
References
From the Paper "One of the places where changes have been implemented through oral care and there have been improvements is the surgical intensive care unit at Vanderbilt Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. The incidence of ventilator assisted pneumonia was increasing at this hospital from 1999 to 2001. This led the center to start using comprehensive oral care from January 2002 as a part of a total program to remove the incidence of ventilator assisted pneumonia from the center. The change began to give perceptible results to the therapists and the nurses within a period of months. The changes were noted and within a two year period, there was a reduction of ventilator assisted pneumonia by as much as 46 percent. When the figures for 2002 are compared to figures for 2001, there is a clear decrease by 35 percent and there is another decrease that is seen in 2003 when compared to the figures of 2002."
Tags: cdc, intensive, care, unit, disease, saliva, plaque, oral, care, treatment, prevention
Abstract The paper examines which values are important for a teacher of young children to acquire in order to make them successful in their role. Issues discussed are the importance of acquiring knowledge on ADD in order to identify it early on in a child's school career, the importance of being a good role model to the child, the fact that children should be educated by philosophy and not psychology standards and the responsibility for teaching the value of good friendship.
From the Paper "Not to long ago, and it may still hold true today, it was perfectly acceptable for teachers to wear unattractive and baggy clothes, no makeup and weigh two or three hundred pounds. It was not acceptable for a teacher to admit to not want children because it would ruin her figure. "Teachers must inspire as well as instruct" (Burke, 98). An inspirational teacher is someone whom the students will want to be like, someone who they want to follow in their footsteps. The visual sense is much more stronger than the hearing sense. Strong inspiration is motivated by the visual sense. The teachers are expected to be of higher caliber than the school cafeteria workers, therefore, a professional, appearance is preferable."
Abstract The paper looks at a few studies conducted on apes and their ability to acquire language. The writer addresses the hypothesis that if researchers can learn how apes acquire language skills and how they process input from humans, it should be possible to communicate with them in a meaningful way. The paper presents a method of study, introducing the hypothesis and the test for reaching a conclusion.
From the Paper "The design of the study would involve a comparison of the methods by which children and apes acquire language skills. The apes and humans tested would have to be raised from birth by the same caregivers and given the same exposure to language, either acquired by listening to it or acquired in specific teaching sessions. Learning of words and their association with objects would be studied first, then sentence recognition would be studied. Controls would be used to ensure that words and sentences were really recognized, and not just remembered by rote or by cues given unknowingly by the caregiver. These would involve presenting words or sentences in different orders, and varying the order of words in sentences."
Abstract The paper examines how X Realized the importance of acquiring personal and political power through language. By learning words, and acquiring the ability to write, X gained the capacity to express himself on paper in the same way he did through verbal speech.
Abstract This paper discusses how parents play a vital role in teaching their children, even after they enter school, in terms of helping them to acquire the skills that they will need to succeed academically. The paper explains that the skills parents can be most instrumental in helping their children acquire vary according to the age of the child. The paper further explains that, for the parent of a child between five and seven years of age, one of the most important sets of skills that the two can work on together is language and literacy development.
From the Paper "When we think of the education of a school-aged child we are inclined to think about the work that teachers do with their students. However, parents have a vital role in teaching their children even after they enter school. They remain a vital resource for their children in terms of helping them to acquire the skills that they will need to succeed academically. Which skills parents can be most instrumental in helping their children acquire vary from one age to the next, for different development stages of..."
This paper is a research plan of a study to be conducted on whether attending University increases the risk of acquiring methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria, and the implications of this.
Abstract The purpose of the study is to assess whether those attending a university in the USA are at risk of acquiring methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the university setting. The risk is assessed by determining whether there are higher incidences of MRSA carriers in the university setting than in other areas of the community, as this may signify that those carrying MRSA have acquired the bacteria through university attendance. As a secondary objective, the study aims to compile a set of recommendations which would aim to reduce the likelihood of contracting MRSA in the university environment.
Outline:
Introduction
Purpose of the study
Methods
Required Readings
Anticipated Bibliography
From the Paper "The second phase of the study would comprise of a direct study of students at my university, in order to discover the numbers of students who currently carry MRSA. A sample of students would be selected, with selection being based upon that student not being at particular risk of MRSA, i.e. not having been hospitalized in the last year, or having undergone surgery of any kind within the last year. There may also be other exclusions which would be included from the findings of the literature review. These students would then have samples taken in order to test for the presence of MRSA; such testing would need to take into account participant confidentiality. The literature review would be used in order to elucidate a specific method for sample selection, using articles involving similar successful studies.
"From the findings of the testing for MRSA, it would be possible to establish whether there are indeed higher levels of MRSA in the university population by contrasting the results with any results obtained in the literature review; it may also be possible to contrast with results from other universities. The results can also be used in order to aid in the composition of recommendations to reduce the risk of contracting MRSA while attending university."
Abstract This paper examines the New Jersey legislation, "Assistance Act of 1995" for abandoned and medically fragile infants, which was designed to curb the continuously increasing numbers of infants who were either abandoned by parents who are simply incapable of providing proper nurturing environment for their child. It explores the possible social reasons for the abandonment. The paper describes grants and provision of services available and foster families and foster care institutes to better utilize them for the benefit of all those medically fragile infants.
Table of Contents
Review of the Act
Purpose of the Act
Congress Research Findings
Grants for Projects/Services
Priority in Provision of Services
Case Plan With Respect to Foster Care
Administration of Grant
Requirements of Application:
Grants to provide nurturing home environments & family-centered services for medically fragile infants
Evaluations, Studies & Reports by Secretary
Definitions
Abandoned' & Abandonment
Dangerous Drugs
Natural Family
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Secretary
Authorization of Appropriations
Recommendations
Works Cited
From the Paper "On March 16, 1995, "In the House of Representatives", Mr. Payne of New Jersey introduced a bill, which was referred to the Committee on Economic and Educational Opportunities. The main motive behind this act was to establish a program that would assist abandoned and medically fragile infants. Consequently; the bill was cited as ?Abandoned and Medically Fragile Infants Assistance Act of 1995?".
This paper is a review of Maslow's "Religion, Values, and Peak Experiences", which argues that the church is making real religious understanding impossible to achieve for most individuals.
Abstract This paper presents Maslow's therory that organized religion takes the emphasis away from the personal journey and places it on the behavioral aspects. The author states that Maslow expresses that the church may be responsible for destroying the religious experience for the average individual. The paper discusses that Maslow believes that people experience the world either by acquiring things to meet their needs or by being self-actualizied.
From the Paper "While the extremely religious person is capable of recognizing that these rules and procedures are linked to the internal religious experience, the average religious person is not. Instead, the average person begins to see religion not as something internal, but as a set actions. Maslow calls these actions the behavioral components of religion, including the rituals and ceremonies associated with the church."
This paper discusses philosopher David Hume (1711-1776) and Empiricism, a philosophical school that states human beings acquire knowledge through sense-experience.
Abstract The paper states that Hume is known for his philosophical skepticism about how we acquire knowledge, his rejection of the casual theories and the validity of certain religious beliefs. The paper describes Hume's belief that a person's experiences exist only in the person's mind. The paper compares Hume's philosophy with the philosophy of Descartes.
From the Paper "Hume began his analysis of human knowledge with a distinction among our mental contents. He held that ''impression' is the direct, vivid and immediate products of experience, while 'Ideas' are merely feeble copies of this original impression. Thus, for example, the color of the monitor at which I am now looking is an impression, while my memory of the color of my fathers hair is merely an idea. Thus every idea is derived from an antecedent impression. Thus he went on to inquire the origins of our idea by asking from which impressions they are derived."
Tags: skepticism, rejection, casual, validity, mind, descartes, time, ideas
Abstract This paper looks at the process of land aquisition of African Americans after their freedom from slavery from the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 and after the Civil War. It examines how they formed their own small towns and communities away from the hostile whites and proceeded to educate themselves in order to negotiate with whites over land. It shows how many blacks had to return to their masters in order to earn a wage, how some got government grants to buy land for schools and churches and how in 1865, the Freedmens' Bureau was opened to help blacks acquire the land that they had been promised by the government when they were freed.
From the Paper "Many blacks moved away from their former white masters, but some blacks, who had gotten on fairly well with their masters before they were freed, went back to work for those same masters, only this time it was for wages. This is how many blacks were able to buy land and have somewhere for they and their family to live. Sometimes these white masters"now bosses"would give the black man some of their land and let them build something on it. This was another way that black men acquired land after the Emancipation Proclamation and their freedom."
Tags: blacks, whites, slavery, freedom, masters, freedmen's, bureau
Abstract Examines differing concepts of the rationalist and the empiricist theorists on how language is acquired. Compares the two approaches as applied to children's first language acquisition. The minds of young children. Structure-oriented & process-oriented groups. Environmental factors. Social interaction vs. cognitive theories. Semantic learning characteristics. Current research.
From the Paper "The fierce debate between the rationalist and the empiricist theorists on the issue of language acquisition has captured the imagination of the linguistic world for decades. Even though each group has produced results that contribute to the research on language acquisition, the complete process of language acquisition still remains a mystery. While the rationalists? concept of specific language mechanisms in the brain has prevailed for many years, new research by connectionist theorists has tilted the balance towards the empiricists? approach.
In this paper, the two competing approaches will be examined and compared in detail. Their application in children's discourse will be explored to assess their validity. Finally, the work..."
Abstract This paper discusses the many uses of stem cells, especially in the area of juvenile diabetes, Parkinson's disease and cell regeneration. This paper explains how the fertilized human egg develops into stem cells and their various biological sources and how they are acquired for use in research, including the NIH guidelines. The author believes that stem cell research is so new that the scientists can only guess at what it will be able to achieve as well as what it will not be able to do.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Acquisition of Stem Cells
Opposition to Stem Cells Research
Limitations of Stem Cells Research
Conclusion
From the Paper "Early research into the use of stem cells focused on two separate approaches. One involved the "control of gene expression", or determining when genes were active or inactive. The other involved the generation or new cells. Some recent research has combined the two approaches, looking at the possibility that gene manipulation could be combined with cell growth, further broadening the potential applications for gene therapy."
Abstract This paper discusses the powerful element of charisma. While not many people may possess it, it is true that charisma has no genetic link and it can be developed if a person is able to acquire certain skills.
