Abstract The paper discusses the minimization of the horrors of the twentieth century. The paper explains that this has not only led to a disrespectful attitude regarding some of these horrors and their survivors, but has also increased the risk that similar events will occur in the twenty-first century. The paper examines three instances of historical revisionism; one that has lasted almost 70 years, (Holocaust denial) and resulted in an increase in anti-Semitism and two that are just beginning to effect social and political concerns, (the war in Iraq and the crises in Darfur.) The paper shows how accurate historical memories are absolutely essential to the future of the world.
From the Paper "One of the problems that have consistently plagued historians who are seeking to teach history in a manner aimed at solving social problems is the concept of revisionist history. There are a myriad of definitions of revisionist history, many of them tailored to address specific issues that arise as a result of specific historical events. For example, for many years history textbooks in the American south continued to teach about slavery from a context of benevolent paternalism. One problem with historical revisionism is that by minimizing the horrors of the past, one renders oneself powerless to address the very real problems that exist in the present-day as a result of those horrors."
Abstract This paper analyses the effectiveness of demand estimation in a managerial context. Managerial decision-making often depends on analysis of the demand for a firm's product. Demand estimation is an attempt to find a reasonable approximation of the actual but unknown demand function for a firm's product. There are several limitations of obtaining the perfect accurate demand estimations. Identification problem exists in estimating demand and supply functions. It analyses how to empirically estimate the demand relationship using regression analysis as well as potential difficulties associated with regression analysis. It also includes a discussion of marketing research approaches to demand estimation such as consumer surveys, consumer clinics, market experiments and observation research. Each marketing research approach has its own advantages and disadvantages. Accurate demand estimation is crucial for sound managerial decision making. But, it is impossible to obtain perfect accurate demand estimation. Managers should exercise great care when using demand estimations to solve managerial decision problems, subject to the related constraints.
From the Paper "From an economic perspective, cost includes not only explicit cost payments, but also implicit costs, arising from the contribution of the firm's time and resources (McGuigan & Moyer 1989). Managers need to take into account various costs involved in obtaining perfect demand estimation. Also, all estimating procedures involve the analysis of historical experience into patterns and the projection of those patterns into the future in the belief that the future will somehow resemble the past, which limits the usefulness of demand estimation. Firms usually lack the prior knowledge of customers? demand. Also, the demand estimation does not capture all the information the management desires. The perfect accuracy of demand estimation is desirable but not rational to managers as it is too costly to obtain perfect accurate demand estimation and the usefulness of demand estimation is limited."
Abstract This paper explains that John Napier, in 1614, took an algebraic approach by defining logarithms as a ratio of two distances within a geometric pattern, base 1/e, which substituted for his lack of a base as in the currently used common logarithmic base 10. The author points out that the real benefit of these logarithms was that they simplified mathematical calculations by providing a shortcut for exponential factors just as exponents are a shortcut for multiplication. The paper relates that, since Napier's original logarithms lacked a common base, they were more consistently accurate but not as easy to manipulate as the common logarithms employed today. The author states that the common logarithms are much easier to calculate but only sufficiently accurate as compared to Napier's original logarithms. The paper includes graphs.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Historical Background
Napier's Logarithms
Base 10 Logarithms
Conclusion
From the Paper "While initially Napier's logarithms did not employ a base in the traditional sense he eventually adjusted his logarithms to account for a consistent base in much the same way they are currently employed today. Napier worked with another mathematician, a man by the name of Henry Briggs, to change his logarithmic forms to the form now currently common which is the L/e equation. Thus, Naperian logarithms now are described as points that are moving along a straight trajectory and indicated by units prescribed in length."
Tags: astronomers, napier's bones, exponential functions, base 1/e, accurate
Abstract The paper provides the background of the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act (FACTA) and its implications for a bank for compliance purposes. The paper describes the general provisions of the Act and how it applies to banks in general and to state-chartered banks doing business in Tennessee in particular.
Outline:
Background and Overview
General Provisions of the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act
Specific Provisions of the Act as they Apply to the Bank
Summary and Conclusion.
From the Paper "The purpose of this memorandum is to provide the bank's chief compliance officer with the background and an overview of the FACTA and its implications for the bank for compliance purposes. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and other federal financial institution regulatory agencies and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) have jointed published rules related to compliance with the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act (FACTA). This memorandum of law provides a definition of what FACTA (hereinafter alternatively "the Act" or "FACTA") is and to whom the law applies and describes what commercial banks must do to comply with FACTA and any regulations promulgated thereunder."
Abstract This paper explains that given the magnitude of the issue, it is essential that clinics, schools, juvenile detention centers and medical clinics have screening instruments at hand that quickly and accurately evaluate potential or present abuse or dependency conditions in the populations they serve. The paper defines the criteria that make a screening instrument for AAOD use valuable. The author lists the most up-to-date instruments available, gives a brief description of the applicability of each and reviews the critical literature that evaluates their respective reliability and validity.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Adolescent Alcohol and Other Drug (AAOD) Problem: An Overview The History of AAOD
Consequences of AAOD
Constellation of Symptoms Making Up AAOD
Co-Occurring Psychiatric Illnesses
AAOD Etiology
AAOD Epidemiological Research
Screening for AAOD Use: Its Relevance to the Problem
Other Risk Factors in AAOD Use
Use of DSM Criteria in Identification of AAOD Use
Factors to be Considered in Self-Reported Data
Critical Review of Selected Instruments
Summary/Discussion
Appendix One: Chart
From the Paper "The majority of AAOD screening instruments rely on the subject to self-report the history and extent of his or her substance use, primarily for lack of any other method of attaining the information. Some instruments, particularly those that are designed primarily for younger children, also require the input of a parent or guardian; however, the degree of validity of the adult's perceptions has been widely regarded by clinicians as somewhat low. A study which tracked a cohort of young children for twenty-five years through to adulthood, measuring the relationship of alcohol use to school dropout incidence, found that the child's first-grade teacher typically had a clearer view of potential behavioral problems than did the parent."
Discusses how the novel, "The Book of Eve", accurately portrays the institution of marriage during the 1950s to 1970s period and how it relates to modern day women.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 8 sources, 2002, $ 71.95
Abstract In "The Book of Eve", Eva Caroll discovers a new sense of herself after leaving her husband who, although not cruel, has been an oppressive force in her life. In many respects, Eva's marriage was an accurate portrayal of marriage in the 1950s-1970s period. To a large extent, the institution of marriage still has not really changed. There is, to be sure, more opportunity for women today in the public sphere, which has empowered women to an extent within marriage and within divorce. Indeed, with an increased ability to get an education and earn their own money, women have more leeway in their decision-making. Nonetheless, the institutions of marriage and the nuclear family continue ato force severe constraints on women in general, as does the capitalist system within which they exist.
Abstract The term pricing problem refers to the issue of establishing accurate prices that reflect both the product offered, the availability of that particular type of product and the overall quality of the product that is being offered. Paper contains footnotes.
This paper analyzes whether or not the character of Guinevere is portrayed in a historically accurate way in Jerry Bruckheimer's 2004 film "King Arthur."
Abstract This well-researched paper examines the historical content of Bruckheimer's film which the director claims is the true story of King Arthur and his relationship with Guinevere, based on discovered archaeological facts. The writer of this paper contends and explains why this is somewhat inaccurate, due to the fact that the film is based on speculation put forward by the historian Kemp Malone in 1924. This paper focuses on the character of Guinevere as depicted in this film, while comparing it to available historical data that contradicts the director's claims. This paper discusses the difficulty of pinning down an accurate portrayal of Guinevere due to the fact that she is defined primarily by her relationship with Arthur. This paper details why the film's depiction of Guinevere and her relationship to Arthur is not necessarily based on historical fact or legend, but rather on entirely speculative historical fiction.
From the Paper "Guinevere's clothing and hands are not the only thing critics point to; they also suggest that she is being presented in a historically inaccurate way as a female warrior. In many movies it may be true that women are ahistorically buffed up - however, this is not necessarily one of those cases. While the historical Gwenhyvar is unlikely to have been a warrior, there is no historical reason to suggest that she was not a warrior. Celtic women were considered equal with the men, and many of them went into battle. An article published in Keltria: Journal of Druidism and Celtic Magic, explains how primary sources indicate that "Celtic women also took an energetic part in melee."
Abstract This paper discusses macroeconomic forecasting and how and where to look for appropriate resources for research. The paper goes on to review the discussion surrounding the issue of junk science and its effect on published research. The need for accurate data and analysis is great, as without which research is unfounded and attributable to increased junk science (i.e. baby formula in the 1970's). "
From the Paper "a. What are the economic indicators for which you will be providing forecasts? The economic indicators that will be used include income, interest rates, housing starts, and the condition of the real estate market (i.e. buyer or seller market). b. What sources will you use to obtain these forecasts? When conducting research and analysis, it is important to always consider the accuracy of the data being collected. The sources used to obtain forecasts of economic indicators must be reputable and reliable sources, otherwise risk the legitimacy of the research."
Abstract This paper discusses the issue of patient identification in hospital which seems as inoculate as the solution. Patient identification is based on the assumption that whatever information the patient or family accompanying the patient is correct and true. On the other hand, another assumption held is that hospital record-keeping is accurate and infallible. The paper further discusses how falsified information provided by patient or family to conceal his/her identity may just be as widespread as clerical errors. With the computerization of medical records, errors may be minimized and with the relative ease of cross-validating identity utilizing electronic databases (should the need arise, but otherwise a breach of patient confidentiality), falsified data can be detected. However, the factor of human clerical error is still a significant possibility. This becomes a serious matter when medical and surgical interventions come into play.
Abstract This research proposal identifies the known problems with the rating systems and proposes a study that would help determine if the Q-Score reports are misrepresenting the American television viewing public. In this article, the writer discusses whether Marketing Evaluations'
Q-Scores for television ratings accurately represent the television viewing habits of all Americans, including minority groups, or whether the limited population samples and data analysis methods are skewed in such a way that minority populations are underrepresented in ratings and the media. The writer claims that this is an important study because of the integral role that television and the media play in the lives of all Americans, and as a part of American society overall. The writer concludes that if there is a misrepresentation of minority groups in the current Q-ratings reports, this must be identified and this information made available to the public so that all members of society can make an informed decision regarding media-related activities, such as advertising, that are affected by the quality of television ratings reports.
Outline:
Abstract
Purpose and Rationale
Hypothesis
Literature Review
Limitations
Works Cited
From the Paper "If a small-scale study finds a significant problem, other researchers will be interested in doing further analysis on this issue. Also, the public may simply be made aware of the issue, therefore considering these questions when taking stock in ratings reports. It is known that the television media industry and their advertisers depends on ratings reports to make decisions regarding programming and product placement. It is also well documented that minority groups have been significantly underrepresented in the Nielsen ratings, the country's leading marketing provider of television ratings, as will be illustrated by the following literature review. What is not known is whether the Q Rating system, which collected data in different ways than the Nielsen ratings, also has a problem in properly representing minority groups and providing accurate data on the television viewing habits of the American public."
Abstract The paper asserts that the portrayal of various groups in the entertainment industry can sometimes be realistic. The paper then analyzes, as an example, how teens are depicted in the film "Rebel without a Cause" and highlights how these young people exhibit all the angst and pain one finds in wayward, drifting youth. The paper is of the opinion that the film accurately conveys many timeless themes and challenges inherent in growing up and offers unusual clarity to the subtle dynamics that can rend families apart.
From the Paper "To start with, the portrayal of teens in Rebel without a Cause is realistic. The film itself focuses chiefly upon the character of young Jim Stark (James Dean) and his difficult passage to adulthood. In the opening scenes of the film, as the three adolescent protagonists - Jim Stark, Judy (played by Natalie Wood) and Plato (Sal Mineo) - come into contact with one another at the local police station, the audience is made aware of the painfully dysfunctional nature of their respective home lives. To wit, Jim's father is a weak man clearly hen-pecked by a wife who seems to care more about "appearances" than she does about her children - or maybe even her spouse. For her part, Judy seems saddled with a father who views her as a tramp and has become cold and aloof now that his daughter is about to become an adult. "
Abstract The paper relates the method, procedure and observations of an experiment that uses the titration method to obtain accurate measurements of reactants in a chemical reaction. The paper provides the calculations of the concentration of sodium hydroxide and notes the sources of error that could have been prevented.
Outline:
Introduction
Materials
Procedure
Observations
Calculations
Sources of Error
From the Paper "A titration is a method used by people all over the world to obtain accurate measurements of both reactants in a chemical reaction. Generally some sort of indicator or pH scale is used to determine when the exact moment is that the reaction is complete. In doing this, the measurement of the titrant becomes more precise, and later calculations can be made at a more exact value. Phenolphthalein is used as an acid and base indicator as it causes a solution to change colour, either pink or colourless, as a solution becomes a base or an acid, respectively. The alteration between the pink colour and colourless is at around a pH of 9. When the pH is above approximately 9 then the phenolphthalein will cause a solution to become pink and when the pH is below approximately 9 the phenolphthalein will cause the solution to become colourless. A titrant is a solution placed in the buret, which is attached to a retort stand with a clamp."
Abstract The paper reviews the film "Mr Smith Goes to Washington" (1939) and its educational value. The paper examines whether the depiction of congress in the film is an accurate one. The paper concludes that although the film was accurate in some ways (eg. passing a bill), it does not give an accurate portrayal of congress today.
From the Paper "The way the outsider is treated in the film is dramatically necessary but far too cynical for any institution pretending to even a degree of populism. The time frame for the film is compressed so that events seem to take place quite rapidly, but still the condescending treatment given to this one Senator would be highly unlikely from a body that needs every member. The political machine idea also gives more power to political parties than they actually have, though they have become staples in Congress as a way of organizing actions and maintaining order."
Abstract In four of Machiavelli's best known works, "Discourses on Livy", "The Art of War", "The History of Florence", and "The Prince", we can see a clear influence from such Machiavellian contemporizes as Cesare Borgia, Francesco Vettori, the Medici Family, and general public opinion, which should be a cause for caution in relaying on Machiavelli's writings as an accurate discussion of history or an ethical discussion of politics. The author discusses how the ideas that Machiavelli placed on paper over five hundred years ago still have meaning in the 21st Century.
From the paper:
"While Machiavelli's works lack the modern day standards of documentations, he was ahead of his time in historical philosophy and approach. He was the first historian to acknowledge that the need to explain events leading up a specific event to understand why that event occurred and to understand the results of that event. As for is external influences, they need to be taken into consideration, so we can accurately understand his writings, the period in which he was writing, and the periods in which he was writing about. He may contradict himself in his political belief, but considering the pressures that he was under he manages to give a pretty good analysis of events and history. Machiavelli's works has managed to sustain its ideas from the 1500's to the 21st Century and will continue to be a source of knowledge and debate for centuries to come."
