Abstract
This paper discusses all aspects of accounting theory and the history of regulation in the accounting profession that has been implemented as a result of notable financial accounting scandals. It analyzes and synthesizes the normative and positive accounting theories, beginning with the historical background of each theory and a discussion of the suggested changes and problem areas revealed in the debate. It also analyzes the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in relation to the conceptual framework and concludes with recommendations toward an appropriate course of action.

Outline:
Introduction
Historical Development of Normative and Positive Accounting Theories
Current GAAP Discussion
Positive Accounting Theory vs. Normative Accounting Theory
Changes and Problems Revealed in the Debate
GAAP Analyzation and History in relation to Conceptual Framework
Recommendations for Course of Action
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In the past few decades, accounting theory has slowly evolved; as a result, various research methodologies have been utilized to study the development of accounting theory. As accounting theory has developed, debates have emerged regarding the manner in which financial theory should be developed and applied in the accounting profession. This has been essentially a normative, philosophical exercise, imposing a view of how actuarial practice should progress (Thomas & Smith, 1997). In recent years, the differences in application between normative versus positive accounting theories have become the subject of much debate, raising the awareness of those involved in the accounting profession. The underlying basis of normative theory is that it assists in standardizing the practice and thus facilitates the teaching of practice in a more coherent manner. The underlying basis of positive theory is intellectual justification; models are derived from observed behavior."

Tags:methodologies, researchers, standards, payments

Abstract
This paper provides some research into "Positive Accounting Theory" and how it impacts on the economy. The paper begins with an explanation of the theory itself and then offers some statistics and findings regarding the consequences of its use by management.

Contents:
Introduction
Explaining the Theory
Economic Consequences
The Development of Positive Accounting Theory
How Positive Accounting Theory Operates
Management Decisions
Watts and Zimmerman
Research and Findings
An Example of a PAT study
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Positive Accounting Theory and the doctrine of economic consequences helps us to understand why different firms choose different accounting policies, why some managers may object to changes in these policies and why investors may react to the potential impact of an accounting policy change. Accounting policy choices have economic consequences for the various constituencies of financial statement users and though complicating the setting of accounting standards, the source of the pressures driving the process can be explained by the development of a positive theory of the determination of accounting standards."

Tags:choice, policy, management, business

Abstract
This paper explains the influence of SEC on accounting theory and principles from the inception of the SEC in 1934 until today. It would present the experiences and outcomes of accounting standards-setters who have, in many cases, been successful in establishing a national, uniform system of certification for public accountants.

Abstract
This paper gives a background of the purpose and history of the Financial Accounting Standard Board, or the FASB. The FASB was founded with the primary goal of devising the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in United States. The paper also defines the roles of the various organizations that fall under the umbrella of the FASB, such as the SEC and the PCAOB. The paper focuses additionally of the role of ethics in accounting, especially in relation to the Standards creating by the FASB.

Explain the FASB, SEC and PCAOB
Discuss the Relationship among the FASB, SEC, and PCAOB
Explain Basic Accounting Theories, Assumptions, and Principles
Evaluate the Role of Ethics in Accounting

From the Paper
"To cater to the basic objectives the financial statement is required to be relevant, to be reliable, being comparable as well as being consistent. So as to accomplish its basic objectives the GAAP is required to base on four hypotheses such as Economic Entity Assumption-that assumes the isolation of business from its owners or other businesses; Going Concern Assumption-that assumes the long term operation of business; Monetary Unit Assumption that assumes a stable currency as the unit of record; Periodicity Assumption that assumes the periodical record-ability of the business operations enabling comparison between present and past performances. "

Tags:public, finance, economics, SEC

Abstract
This paper focuses on some basic accounting priniciples. It also discusses the relationship of the Security and Exchange Commission, the Financial Accounting Standards Board and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.

Tags:accounting, principles, FASB, SEC, PCAOB, accounting theories, ethics

Abstract
The paper discusses how contingency theory and internal benchmarking posit that strategic development or success of a company is dependent on overall structure of the company and variable strategic factors. More specifically, the paper explains how outcomes can be directly linked to internal driving factors that are the basis for the overall structure of the firm. This paper uses this theoretical construct to highlight how management accounting information systems are driven by organizational structures and systems, and also identifies the internal factors that are benchmarks for the development of the management accounting information system.

From the Paper
"Contingency theory and internal benchmarking posit that strategic development or success of a company is dependent on overall structure of the company and variable strategic factors. More specifically, outcomes can be directly linked to internal driving factors are the basis for the overall structure of the firm. This paper will use this theoretical construct to highlight how management accounting information systems are driven by organizational structures and systems, and also will identify the internal factors that are benchmarks for the development of the management accounting information system. The structure of the paper will..."

Tags:accounting, information, systems

Abstract
In the case of Frantek, Inc., a manufacturer of microcomputer parts, and Conte Technologies, a buy of same, the issue is how to measure and recognize valuation of assets and liabilities in order to provide a proper accounting at year's end for Frantek, relevant to an amended agreement between Frantek and Conte for parts supplied by Frantek to Conte. This paper first lays out the basic facts of this case and discusses general accounting principles which will impact the path that Frantek takes and then presents a general recommendation concerning how Frantek ought to recognize revenues, valuate inventories, and valuate and classify liabilities. Issues of the Case Frantek agreed to provide 100,000 boards over a 12-month period to Conte at a stipulated price per board, with provision for penalties for failure to perform.

From the Paper
In the case of Frantek, Inc., a manufacturer of microcomputer parts, and Conte Technologies, a buy of same, the issue is how to measure and recognize valuation of assets and liabilities in order to provide a proper accounting at year's end for Frantek, relevant to an amended agreement between Frantek and Conte for parts supplied by Frantek to Conte. After laying out the basic facts of the case and discussing general accounting principles which impact the path taken, a general recommendation will be made concerning how Frantek ought to recognize revenues, valuate inventories, and valuate and classify liabilities. Issues of the Case Frantek agreed to provide 100,000 boards over a 12-month period to Conte at a stipulated price per board, with provision for penalties for failure to perform.

Tags:accounting, valuation, recognition

Abstract
The paper reveals that in the years following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on New York City and Washington D.C., conspiracy theories have arisen regarding the tragic events of that day. The paper discusses how some critics of the official government accounts have theorized that high officials in the Bush Administration were, at the very least, aware that a major terrorist attack on the United States was imminent and purposely took no action to prevent it, while other critics have theorized that high government officials were complicit in the planning and carrying out of the attacks.

Tags:9/11, conspiracy, theories

Abstract
This paper shall examine the argument that most theories of deviance are less efficient than they might otherwise be because they fail to take into account the extent of organization among those who commit various deviant acts. The following essay ultimately agrees with this contention, but it does raise a number of caveats which should be borne in mind when criticizing sociological theorists for what they have and have not done over time.

From the Paper
"In recent years, the efficiency of deviance theories has come under increasing fire from researchers. In particular, some scholars have argued that theories of deviance are less efficient (and precise) than they should be for the very straight-forward but important reason that they fail to take into account the extent of organization among those who commit various deviant transgressions. Simply put, this paper will explore such an argument by asking what precisely is meant by "taking into account" the "extent of organization" among those guilty of deviant acts. Beyond that, the paper will also argue that "efficiency" in any sociological theory may be next to impossible to achieve if mathematical precision is what is sought. Finally however, the paper does acknowledge that social deviance theories are not as informed as they could be because they do fail to take into account the extent of..."

Tags:efficiency, deviance, theories

Abstract
The strengths and weakness of various theories including extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic radiation waves and quantum theory as it applies to psi are discussed. Also examined are the problems of scientific paradigm shifts and the possibility that the statistical evidence for psi activity is an "anomaly" in our current paradigm and a precursor to a paradigm shift.

From the Paper
"Parapsychology occupies a unique position within the scientific realm. The results of the field are often considered invalid, fraudulent, or insignificant. Psi is often thought to be inconsistent with the current knowledge of physics. Despite the large body of statistical evidence for anomalous cognition, psi will not be widely accepted until a solid, testable physical theory is developed. Although the uncertainties and seemingly illogical consequences of quantum theory seem promising for the development of this sort of theory, as yet none exists."

Tags:elf, occult, paradigm, parapsychology, psychic, quantum, statistics, testing, theory