Abstract This paper examines how contemporary terrorism relies heavily on the media and how the modern media has much to offer the terrorist organization. It discusses how media coverage is used not only to convey the terrorist's objectives and political messages, but also to intimidate larger populations and how the media provides a relatively inexpensive and efficient method of relaying their goals. It examines the role of terrorism in the media from five different perspectives through a literature review. Brigitte Nacos, in "Accomplice or Witness? The Media's Role in Terrorism" gives a thorough and insightful view of the role of the modern media in terrorist activities, with a major focus on the Internet. In "Terror TV", Scott Stossel looks at the effect of 24-hour coverage of terrorism on television. Janet Fine's "Arabian Knight Woos West" is a fascinating study of Al-Jezeera, the first Arabic independent news channel in the Middle East, which gained a widespread audience after the events of September 11th. In "Spin Laden", Philip Taylor looks at the ability of Osama bin Laden and other terrorists to manipulate the media in order to take advantage of widespread anti-American feelings around the world. Lance Morrow's "The Gleam of a Pearl" looks at the real-life costs of terrorist coverage, through the tragic death of Wall Street Journal reporter Daniel Pearl.
From the Paper "Terrorist activities are often shocking, brutal, and in complete honesty, make for perfect news stories. Dramatic stories tend to get a great deal of coverage, often to the detriment of other issues. Nacos notes that early evening television broadcasts of ABC, NBC, and CBS carried 2,273 stories on terrorism from 1981 to 1986. This coverage far exceeded the combined coverage of crime, unemployment, poverty, and race issues. Further, she notes that terrorism coverage continued to climb as all-news cable channels created competition for the major news channels. It is certainly likely that the coverage of terrorist issues has skyrocketed since the bombings of the World Trade Center in New York on September 11th."
Tags: 9/11, osama, bin, laden, daniel, pearl, al-jezeera, middle, east
Abstract In the short story "Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been", a pretty teenage girl, Connie, is severely frightened by a predatory male character whose terrifying evil is reminiscent of Little Red Riding Hood's "Big Bad Wolf". This paper examines how through descriptions of Arnold Friend, his accomplice Ellie Oscar and the fear of this pair that fills Connie, Joyce Carol Oates uses the concept of evil, as represented by Arnold and Ellie, as an omnipresent, fairy tale-like symbolic force that exists only in relationship to Connie as prey.
From the Paper "In 'Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been' Joyce Carol Oates seems to define evil not only through the actions of the evildoer(s), but also from within the imagination of the victim. Oates "describes" the embodiment of evil as that of the predatory older men in the gold jalopy, especially the more talkative and aggressive one, a shaggy-haired individual who calls himself (ironically) Arnold Friend, though he is anything but a friend. As Connie grows more frightened of Arnold's escalating threats, she eventually allows her own imagination to run wild, to the point where she can neither think clearly anymore, nor even manage to use her own telephone to call the police. "
Abstract This paper explains that Assata Shakur's "Assata: An Autobiography" relates her experiences as an activist with the Black Panthers. The author points out her imprisonment as an accomplice to murder. The paper recounts the racism of police officers and cites Assata Shakur's courage.
From the Paper "In Assata Shakur's "Assata: An Autobiography"-- African American activist and Blank Panther member-- Assata Shakur reveals her involvement with Black nationalist organizers and their leaders. Her experiences leading an activist's life demonstrates courage and determination."
Tags: African Americans, racism, prejudice, Black Panthers, activism, violence, prison
Abstract This paper answers questions about crime and the criminal justice system. This paper also discusses the effects on social policy, different ways of administering the law, the social cost of arresting someone who is not convicted, elements of being an accomplice and being an accessory after the fact, and questions about racial and other types of profiling and their effectiveness.
From the Paper "The presumption of innocence is a central premise in the American criminal justice system, forcing the prosecution to prove its case beyond a reasonable doubt. This should also make the prosecution more cautious about bringing a charge and trying a case because there are social costs to arresting a person and not convicting him or her in court. The rate at which prosecutions succeed or fail differs from one jurisdiction to another. In federal court in 2002, the cases for 80,424 defendants were completed, and most (89%) defendants were convicted ("Federal Justice Statistics" "Adjudication"). State statistics for large districts show similar results with a conviction rate of 85% ("Prosecution Statistics" "State Court Prosecutors in Large Districts")."
Abstract This paper examines how the play "Macbeth" is the story of how ambition can drive a person to commit terrible acts. It looks at how the play is written in the order of the events, with the exposition scattered through much of the first act. It then discusses the various important and dramatic scenes of the play and notes that one of the most important parts establishing the play happens in the first scene when the three witches appear and are talking about how they are going to see Macbeth.
From the Paper "In the second scene, King Duncan hears about Macbeth's victories and makes him thane of Cawdor in the place of the old thane who was a traitor. In scene iii the witches greet Macbeth as the thane of Cawdor before he has been told of Duncan's decision. The witches predict that Macbeth will become king and that his companion, Banquo, will have a son who become king, although he himself will not ever sit on the throne. This prophecy immediately starts Macbeth thinking about whether he should try to help these events happen or not."
