Abstract
This paper focuses on research that assesses the effects of Aviation Resource Management Survey (ARMS) inspections on U.S. Army aviation accident rates, with the hypothesis that ARMS inspections decrease Army aviation accidents. The paper explains that United States Army aviation resources are an expensive, finite product in the budget of the United States government, and the loss of United States Army helicopters directly impacts the mission, capability, and accomplishment of Army aviation in deployments and support missions to ground forces. The paper looks into the United States Army Europe and Seventh Army (USAREUR) aviation accident statistics over a four-year period. Additionally, the paper examines accidents that occurred 90 days before and 90 days after an ARMS inspection, revealing that results were significantly in favor of ARMS, thereby supporting the research hypothesis. The paper concludes that ARMS inspections decrease Army aviation accidents, with research results well below the qualifier of 60%; the researcher recommends that not announcing ARMS inspections schedules and conducting "no notice" inspections could significantly reduce the numbers even more in the future.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
List of Tables
Introduction
Background of the Problem
Researcher's Work Setting and Role
Statement of the Problem
Hypothesis
Significance of the Problem
Limitations
Assumptions
Definition of Terms
Acronyms
Review of Relevant of Literature and Research
History of Aviation Safety
Accident rate
Associated Regulations
Research Methodology
Research Model
Research Design
Sources of Data
Treatment of Data and Procedures
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
Recommendations
References
Bibliography

From the Paper
"This study has related the methods utilized by the U.S. Army in reporting aviation accidents and has related the fact that there were 25 fatalities and a total estimated loss of $164,583,907 reported by USAREUR as of December 13, 2006 due to Class A-C accidents within a four-year period (ASMIS Aviation Accident Data Base). Aviation accident rates in the U.S. Army trended upward and negatively impacted the military budgeting as well as the inestimable loss of life that occurred due to aviation accidents rates in the U.S. Army. The inspections methodology has evolved over the past five decades. This study has reported data collected from one MACOM, USAREUR report of accident rates in the A,B, and C classes at Heidelberg Germany. The aviation accident data in this study was collected exclusively from the Army Safety Management Information System (ASMIS) database located in the United States Army Safety Center, Ft. Rucker, Alabama. The time frame was narrowed to four fiscal years, 2003-2006. This study was limited to only one MACOM due to the limitations in the timeframe allotted for this study and to this has allowed for greater ease in sampling of army aircraft accident data across the three classes of accidents or specifically Classes A, B, and C."

Tags:resources, military, investigation

Abstract
This paper explains the various techniques used by aircraft accident investigating teams today. The writer explains the technical terms for the layman, which include accident scene photography, metallurgy, fluid analysis of fuels and oils, fire investigation in flight or on the ground occurrence, human factors, flight deck design, appropriate degree of automation, automatic overwing exit, human forensics and pathology, and flight data recorders.

From the Paper
"Aviation accident and incidents are extremely painful and expensive for the aviation industry. This is why the aviation industry has investigative engineers who hold the responsibility of investigating accidents by reviewing and identifying the primary cause of the accident, whether it was related to aircraft performance such as, aerodynamics, engines, electrics, hydraulics, or if it was environmental or simply human error.
Investigating aircraft accidents can be extremely complex, sometimes taking many months to figure out the cause of the whole accident. So for the purpose of this task, there are engineers who often collaborate to work in teams in conducting the investigations. Primarily they are solely responsible licensed Professional Engineers, hired by the FAA Air Transport."

Tags:FAA, flight, forensic, pathology

Abstract
The paper describes the 1986 accident at the nuclear power station in Chernobyl, Ukraine and the effects caused by the radiation release. The paper discusses the many cases of thyroid cancer by residents exposed as children and the effects to workers that eventually culminated in four thousand radiation-related cancer deaths. The paper then looks at the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's (NRC) response.

From the Paper
"An accident occurred on April 26, 1986 at Unit 4 of the nuclear power station located in Chernobyl, Ukraine, in the former USSR. It is reported to have been caused by a sudden surge of power that destroyed the reactor releasing massive amounts of radioactive material into the atmosphere. Both boron and sand were poured from the air onto the reactor in order to stop the fire and prevent any further significant release of the material. A temporary "sarcophagus" was created to entomb the damaged unit. Actions to reduce contamination in and around the site included cutting down and burying one square mile of a nearby pine forest. Immediately after the incident occurred, access within an eighteen-mile radius was closed off except for those individuals with official access for evaluation purposes and others who were responsible for managing the other undamaged units (U.S. NRC)."

Tags:exposure, radiation, radioactivity, contamination, thyroid, cancer

Abstract
The paper outlines the pathophysiology of a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and identifies its signs and symptoms. The paper looks at the tests that are available to confirm the diagnosis of a CVA and examines the patient's course of treatment. The paper also discusses the nurse's role in the education and rehabilitation of the patient.

Outline:
Pathophysiology
Signs and Symptoms
Tests
Medicines, Treatments, and/or Surgeries
What a Nurse Would Do to a CVA Patient

From the Paper
"The fact that a patient is about to have a stroke is not always immediately obvious to casual or even medically-trained observers. The stroke may appear to occur suddenly, even though the conditions that precipitated the stroke have been building up over time. For example, an artery to the patient's brain can be blocked by a blood clot or as an indirect result of atherosclerosis or hardening of the arteries. This is called an embolic stroke: a blood clot or a piece of an atherosclerotic plaque detaches itself from the artery wall and travels through the circulatory system, plugging an artery of the brain. A blood clot can also form in a chamber of the heart when the heart beats irregularly. Bleeding in the brain from an aneurysm, a widening and weakening of a blood vessel in the brain, is another common cause of strokes (Definition, 2009, Medicine net).
The symptoms of the onset of the stroke will vary in severity and physical location in the patient's body, depending upon the cause. Some common symptoms that quickly manifest themselves to observers are weakness or paralysis of one side of the patient's body, loss of movement capabilities, and numbness or tingling in a limb or entire side of the body. There can be speech problems and signs of laxity in the facial or muscles. There may be a loss of muscular control, prompting the patient to drool. "A stroke involving the base of the brain can affect balance, vision, swallowing, breathing" and even cause unconsciousness (Definition, 2009, Medicine net).

Tags:treatment, rehabilitation, brain, arteries, blood, clot

Abstract
This paper examines the standards set by the National Service Framework for coronary heart disease regarding emergency cardiac care for patients presenting to the accident and emergency system at a hospital. The paper explains that these standards place a priority on aggressive management and providing early thrombolysis and that this type of treatment is controversial because it is questionable whether, given the suggested timeline and the need to differentiate from non-cardiac causes of chest pain, an adequate history and physical can be performed to prevent the administration of thrombolytics in patients where they are contraindicated. To further examine this topic, the paper gives a clear definition of acute myocardial infarction, looks at how to diagnose a patient with acute chest pain, explores the history, indications, and contraindications of thrombolysis, and reviews a multidisciplinary approach to thrombolytic administration.

From the Paper
"The definitive diagnosis of AMI is best obtained by following a standard chest pain protocol. Most accident and emergency wards have these in place. It is standard to initially obtain a 12 lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and begin cardiac monitoring. Patient's routine laboratory studies include electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), complete blood count (CBC) and markers for myocardial injury (Creatinine Kinase isoenzyme-myocardial (CK-MB) or troponin). Normal serial CK values rule out an acute infarction but are negative in the setting of acute unstable angina. A slight rise in CK-MB or troponin indicates myocardial injury but is not specific for ischemic syndromes. Troponin assay is highly sensitive for identifying acute coronary syndromes. Troponin has longer half life in the system than CK-MB but is less specific for the identification of infarction as opposed to repeated episodes of myocardial ischemia. As the total CK greater than two times the upper ranges of normal is indicative of infarction it can be used as an adjunct in diagnosis ischemia versus infarction and also in determining the relative efficacy of reperfusion. Serum troponin may take up to six hours to become diagnostically sensitive enough (Dougan, 2001)."

Tags:electrocardiogram, (ecg), monitoring, electrolytes, acute, infarction, unstable, angina

Abstract
The paper presents a mixed methodological approach to examine the relevant literature concerning aviation safety in general and air accident investigations in particular. The paper also provides a quantitative analysis of the causes and incidence of various types of aircraft accidents and provides a recapitulation of recent media reports concerning the same.
The paper contains tables, graphs and other figures and includes appendices that list aviation disasters and their causes.

Outline:
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature
Chapter 3: Discussion and Data Analysis
Chapter 4: Conclusions and Recommendations

From the Paper
"Civil aviation in general and particularly in the United States has achieved an enviable safety record over the years which now stand at less than one accident per million departures. This accident rate places aviation among the safest industries in the world. Nevertheless, based on the considerable growth expected in air travel (the current number of 25 million flights per year worldwide is expected to double by the year 2010), it is not sufficient to maintain existing safety rates and the need for improved aviation safety is apparent (Sarter & Amalberti, 2000) [1]. Unless the already low accident rate in aviation is reduced even further, the increased traffic volume will lead to an average of 25 accidents per year, with over 1,000 fatalities. Because 70 percent to 80 percent of all aviation accidents are considered to involve human error, one promising avenue appears to be investments in a better understanding of, and better support for, human performance and human-machine interaction."

Tags:safety, hijacking, aviation, jets, landing, weather, engines

From the Paper
"MEDICAL EFFECTS ON CHILDREN STEMMING FROM THE CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR INCIDENT
Introduction
This research examines the medical effect on children that have stemmed from the Chernobyl nuclear incident in 1986. The findings of this examination are presented in three major discussions, which are (1) a review of the incident, together with the general effects, both medical and non-medical, stemming from the incident, (2) a review of the specific medical outcomes of the incident affecting children, and (3) a review of the actions by governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in relation to the Chernobyl and its victims.
The Chernobyl Nuclear Incident.

The Chernobyl nuclear incident (at the Chernobyl nuclear.."

Abstract
This paper describes the causes, diagnosis and medications used to treat cardiovascular accidents (CVAs), also known as strokes. The paper also gives an outline of the responsibilities of nurses caring for such patients and what is expected of them.

From the Paper
"A stroke or cardiovascular accident causes damage to the brain when the blood supply is reduced or stopped completely usually by the bursting of a blood vessel or the occlusion of a vessel by a blood clot . A thrombotic stroke occurs when a blood clot forms in an artery and blocks the blood supply to part of the brain. An embolic stroke occurs when a blood clot or piece of plaque breaks away in another part of the body and blocks an artery in..."

Tags:Cardiovascular accident (CVA), thrombosis, ischemic, hemorrhagic, antithrombolytics, anticoagulants

Abstract
This essay examines mental and physical pressures that workers bear at work. The author discusses how on-the-job stress affects a person's capabilities and productivity, and how such pressures lend to higher incidences of accidents at work. The paper also discusses methods of reducing job-related stress and increasing productivity and safety as a result.

From the Paper
"Mental and emotional pressure can affect performance and productivity of a worker on the job. One of the biggest influences of today's worker is on-the-job stress. Job stress occurs when the requirements of the job do not match the capabilities, resources, or needs of the worker, NIOSH. This consequently affects how a person would normally deal with customer service problems, grievances, violence, conflict, and decisions on the job. Stress is an inevitable part of everyday life, and is therefore a distinct part of a person's job. To properly control the outcome of stress there are certain previsions and methods that should be taken."

Tags:health, illness, occupational, organization, skill, educate, worker, physical, challenge, ergonomics

Abstract
This paper presents a case study of a woman who presented to the emergency room of a hospital following an accident and looks at
how the woman's various organs and systems responded to trauma. The paper then looks at how many of these responses can result in minimizing chances of organ destruction and in increasing the victim's chances of surviving an accident.

From the Paper
"The woman's kidney function is decreased due to lowered blood pressure, which affects the rate that the kidneys are able to filter waste products from the blood. In an acute shock situation, the body shuts down many of its functions in the interest of addressing the patient's most-urgent problem. In addition to reduced kidney function, the patient's brain function slows down; she may appear lethargic, have difficulty talking, and eventually lapse into a coma. This is due to the body's diverting blood supply from the brain, which typically takes 20% of oxygen and nutrition, to other areas which require it most."

Tags:kidney, brain, blood, accident, shock