Abstract
This paper analyzes Turkey's accession into the EU, which if successful, would mark the culmination of Turkish economic ambitions since 1963. The author acknowledges that there are good arguments for and against accession, and even though EU member states are slowly starting to warm up to the idea of accession there is still no way of telling at this point whether Turkey will be accepted into the European Union or not.

From the Paper
"At the moment Turkish prospects for accession look dim. In light of the French suburban riots of November, the outrage felt in the Muslim world over the publication of defamatory cartoons in Dutch and Norwegian newspapers last fall, reprinted by a French publication in early February and the murder of a Dutch filmmaker over what some Muslims considered anti-Islamic statements, the peaceful union of Christian and Islamic cultures seems near impossible. According to one newspaper, "Europe is sitting by the busted carriage of Muslim integration. In the language of Paris' suburbs, Europe is sitting by the burning wheels of the integration. If that was not enough, an attempt will be made to drag the whole of Muslim Turkey into the EU on the wheels that were burned by the rioters." The notion of integration difficulties has been fueled by beliefs that Muslims have little conception of democratic values such as freedom of speech most particularly in the instance of Muslim responses to items such as the Muhammad cartoon and the slaying of the Dutch filmmaker. The French riots have only served to highlight these ideological differences and make the failed integration plainly evident."

Tags:turkey, muslim, eu, access, turk, european

Abstract
The accession of China (People's Republic of China) to the WTO (World Trade Organization) appears, at least on the surface, to be one of the most significant events to occur in the modern economic history of Asia.

Abstract
The paper discusses how Turkey is experiencing difficulties in joining the EU due to a number of cultural, legal and economic factors. The paper looks at the problems of inflation and unemployment in the European Union and how member states fear that enlargement would reduce their gains from membership. The paper also discusses differences in the labor market between Turkey and the EU and the fact that Turkey is predominantly Muslim, which affects their system of law and thus limits their chances of joining. The paper reveals, however, that the most important factor in the consideration of membership is the potential economic benefit the country poses to the EU. The paper examines the the likelihood of a demand shock, the effectiveness of the EU's national monetary policies, and the benefits of a common currency.

Outline:
The European Union and Turkey
Inflation and Unemployment Preferences in Turkey and Europe
Differences in the Labor Market
Legal System Differences
Growth Rates
The Relevance of Differences
The Likeliness of a Demand Shock
The Effectiveness of National Monetary Policies
The Cost of a Monetary Union and the Openness of Countries
The Benefits of a Common Currency

From the Paper
"The decision at the December 2004 EU summit to begin the process of admitting Turkey into the European Union brought the question of Turkish accession to the fore once again. (Redmond 305) The European Union is a collection of country-states in Europe who have joined together in a monetary union, establishing the Euro, a common currency between all member states. Upon the introduction of the new common currency, the member nations of the European Union (EU) transferred their sovereignty over monetary matters to a new supranational institution, whose members elected to participate in the common-currency plan. With the advent of the Euro, member companies engaged in international trade and international transactions would be able to reduce costs. At the same time, while within the Euro's zone, the necessity of exchanging national currencies would be superfluous. (Rich 241) The main driving force behind the monetary unification is the hope that the Euro may help to integrate Europe by the creation of a union which would force them closer in both money, and subsequently, politics."

Tags:euro, inflation, unemployment, demand, shock, monetary, policy

Abstract
This paper, presenting an extensive history of China, explains that, due to its historical isolation from and suspicion of foreign influence, its long acquaintance with communist economic structures, and a general preference for protectionism, China has developed a highly protectionist trade policy that will present problems for its participation in the WTO. The paper points out that China's accession to the WTO may result in adjustment problems with unemployment and redistribution of wealth, potentially causing further social and political problems. The paper lists several important areas through which China's WTO accession may have a major impact upon the other economies of East Asia, including increased access by other regional players to China's domestic market, improved overall competitiveness among these countries, competition with China for business in third markets, changes in investment patterns, and transparency and predictability of trade policy.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Overview and Discussion
History
Principles of the Accession Agreement
Economic Impact in China
Political Impact in China
Economic Impact in East Asia Region
Downside Risks
Anti-dumping
Safeguards
Stifling of Innovation vs. Establishing Good IP Protections
Summary and Conclusion

From the Paper
"China does not yet have an independent legal and court system. The legal system must be modernized to handle today's wide variety of commercial disputes, to protect legal contracts and to combat corruption wherever it is found. When this happens, it may be possible to create the groundwork for an independent judiciary. Then the rule of law may come to be extended. Only then will the central bureaucracy be reformed and the administration of justice be consolidated."

Tags:protectionism, unemployment, competitiveness, investment, communist

Abstract
The paper relates that in 2000, Vladimir Putin made it a goal of his presidency that the Russian economy be recognized amongst the World Trade Organization (WTO). The paper provides an assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of Russian accession to the WTO by focusing on the key aspects of the Russian economy. The paper reaches the conclusion that it would be far more advantageous for Russia to join the WTO than remain an independent entity.

From the Paper
"The WTO was founded in 1995 after an 8-year round of talks that were known as the "Uruguay Rounds" (Gallagher 14). It was the successor of the GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade), which was an organization created some 40 years prior, and had the main goal of lowering trade barriers.
"What separates the WTO from the GATT (other than the name of course) is that the scope of the WTO is a lot more expansive than just trade barriers; for example, it includes services, goods, agriculture, and intellectual property (Gallagher 15)."

Tags:economy, foreign, investment, capital, goods, trade, tariffs, free, trade, exports

Abstract
Discusses what it will mean for people living in the Baltic States to become a part of EU population. After the accession some people will benefit, some will be put in a disadvantageous position, national parliaments will lose considerably important powers in the field of migration and eastern external borders will become a hot spot of the country where now EU rules will be applied.

From the Paper
"Furthermore, Maastricht and Amsterdam treaties are compared and the changes that have been made examined. After immigration and asylum matters, external border controls, measures to combat financial fraud against the EU and customs cooperation have been moved out of the Third Pillar of the EU and the intergovernmental cooperation and transferred to the Community level, the national parliaments gave up some of their powers. That basically means that after the accession of the Baltic States to the EU, they will have to accept that some of their parliaments? competence will be transferred to the EU level. Still, not all the powers in the field of migration will be taken from national competence and so in my thesis it is also noted what issues will be left exclusively for states. "

Tags:competences, competition, constitutionalism, ec, enlargement, establishment, freedoms, institutions, law, trade

Abstract
The entry of China into the world economy fuels a clash of ideals between those who see it as an opportunity for greater markets and those who stick closely to Maoist ideals and fear the threat to security that this new deal brings. Although it may seem like an opportunity to grow capital markets on a global basis, there are many cultural barriers in the way. This paper examines three aspects of US-China trade relations: China's access to foreign capital, China's access to technology and China's access to NAFTA goods.

From the Paper
"Another aspect of trade between the US and China is that in 1999 the US already had a massive trade deficit with China. The US imported far more goods from China than it exported. The entrance of China into the WTO gives them even more access to goods in the United States, however, due to NAFTA this will include Mexican and Canadian goods as well. Some in the United States fear that this will only serve to widen the trade deficit that already exists."

Tags:foreign, investment, Linux, trade, deficit

Abstract
This report examines the differing policies toward access to the internet in the USA and China. In an age where greater and greater levels of communication are becoming the norm, there are still certain regimes who regard the internet as a potentially threatening resource for those who would seek to challenge current institutions or who would wish to organise against the government. This report examines the two different nations and how their internet access is governed. To a large extent it is concluded that the manner in which internet access is controlled in the respective nations is relative to the two very different political systems that operate within them. As a result. the paper looks at how the Chinese system is heavily regulated and centrally controlled, whereas the USA system is much less regulated and responds more to the judiciary and to legal grounds for censorship rather than the preservation of the state.

From the Paper
"The internet has changed the way people live in quite dramatic ways. It has opened up new channels for political dissent and has offered the opportunity for communication on a scale that was previously never thought possible. There are many cases worldwide where the internet has been used to unite people and to aid their struggles. The concept of new social movements and the ability of movements such as the Zapatistas in Chiapas, Mexico to survive and prosper is due in large part to their ability to reach a wide audience as a result of the internet. Without this access to the internet it would most likely have been the case that the Zapatista movement would have wiped out by the Mexican army. However, as a result of their ability to garner support from across the globe they were able to shine a light on events in Chiapas and gain international support for what they were doing. As a result of this they undermined the Mexican state and won their battle (at least for now). Control over this medium is therefore a key issue which can have very significant outcomes on politics."

Tags:Censorship globalization freedom, information web access

Abstract
This paper examines the benefits of Internet access to medical information, particularly with reference to low-income developing nations that cannot afford traditional printed medical journals. The paper contends that this access may help save lives and increase the level of medicine in these developing nations.

From the Paper
"Although it is often overlooked in developed countries as a life saving technology, the Internet is one of the most efficient and successful means of disseminating vital medical information around the world. Online access to medical information can mean the difference between saving and losing lives for physicians in low-income countries that cannot afford expensive medical journals. In developing countries access to priced literature i. e. medical journals had been identified as their most pressing problem with of institutions having no current subscriptions."

Tags:Internet, web, online, access, medical information, developing countries, HINARA, WHO

Abstract
This paper analyzes a case in which a mother (who is a hospital employee) demands access to her daughter's original medical records for the purpose of altering the records.

From the Paper
"This case involves a situation in which a minor teenage girl has been determined by physician examination at a hospital to be pregnant ..."

Tags:Medical, Privacy, Access, to, Medical, Records, Electronic, Storage, Access, Control