Abstract
This paper looks at women in academia and the discrepancies between the hiring of women and men at prestigious research universities. The paper discusses some of the reasons men are hired rather than women and the strides women have made in reducing this inequality. It compares numbers of graduates at various levels by gender and their employment numbers and looks at efforts universities are extending to hire more women.

From the Paper
"Although women have made great strides in academia in the last few years, they still trail behind men in terms of numbers hired, speed of promotion and salaries. They still face subtle discrimination. Only recently have major research institutions begun to address the issues and make a concerted effort to increase the hiring of women."

Tags:academia, equality, discrimination

Abstract
This paper provides a discussion of antisemitism in American academia. Shifting ideologies towards Jews after World War I and after World War II are examined with respect to the practice of keeping Jewish scholars from full professorships in the interwar years to the successful assimilation of them in academia post-WWII.

From the Paper
"Antisemitism is defined in the U.S. Department of State's Report on Global Anti-Semitism as hatred toward Jews-individually and as a group-that can be attributed to the Jewish religion and/or ethnicity. Edward Flannery maintains there are four types of antisemitism; political and economic, theological and religious, nationalistic and racial. Commonly spelled as anti-Semitism it is now customary for Jewish scholars to refer to the concept as antisemitism. The view of Yehuda Bauer is similar to many when he maintains; "Antisemitism...""

Tags:education, Clark College, Yale, Harvard, racism, nationalistic antisemitism, German American Bund, holocaust, GI Bill, discrimination

Abstract
This paper analyzes the conflict of interests between a student's studies and his athletic performances and commitments. It considers the pros and cons of sport scholarships and the social and academic pressures that come with them. The paper cites graduation rates and statistics and concludes that the influence of sports in the academic world appears to be positive by increasing graduation rates as well as attaining athletic and the resulting social success.

From the Paper
"The recognition that the American system has a preoccupation with sorting success and achievement is not new. Academic organizations have often been judged and performance perceived not only on their academic excellence and student results but also their performance o n the sport field. From football to athletics and swimming many collages offer scholarships to those student who can bring this highly recognized and desired success, which we can argue is, in many cases, in conflict with the achievement of the academic excellence which should be the main thrust of the collages goals. "

Tags:football, athletics, swimming, colleges, scholarships, graduation

Abstract
The perception of race today (specifically, in Academia) has certainly been molded by the Victorian evolutionary scientists, anthropologists and social theorists of the rough Victorian period (turn of the century), according to George W. Stocking's article, "The Dark-Skinned Savage: The image of Primitive Man in Evolutionary Anthropology. This article discusses the viewpoints of the quintessential Victorian thinkers, in terms of ethnography: Charles Darwin, Edward B. Taylor, Louis Spencer and Henry Morgan. Discussing how these people set up modern hierarchical (and decidedly western) ethnic ideals, this article also applies their works to how we are (or could be) racist today: within the Academic Community.

From the Paper
Abstract The perception of race today (specifically, in Academia) has certainly been molded by the Victorian evolutionary scientists, anthropologists and social theorists of the rough Victorian period (turn of the century), according to George W. Stocking's article, "The Dark-Skinned Savage: The image of Primitive Man in Evolutionary Anthropology. This article discusses the viewpoints of the quintessential Victorian thinkers, in terms of ethnography: Charles Darwin, Edward B. Taylor, Louis Spencer and Henry Morgan. Discussing how these people set up modern hierarchical (and decidedly western) ethnic ideals, this article also applies their works to

Tags:victoriana, ethnography, race

Abstract
This essay considers the deeply complex roles that class and religion can play with regards to Indian women in Canadian academia, and the influence of elitism in developing feminist theory.

Abstract
This paper examines claims of racism in the field of anthropology, particularly noting how physical anthropology has been used as a liberator as well as an inhibitor of social equality. According to the paper, anthropologists have used the physical aspects of different human beings classified under 'racial categories' over the centuries to justify pervasive social inequalities and outright segregation and brutal colonialism. The paper analyzes the work of Franz Boas who is cited as representing the outlook of his times. Additionally, the paper addresses the views of German anthropologists during the Nazi regime who supported Hitler's anti-Jewish laws with supposed scientific proof. The paper concludes by stating that physical anthropology has changed dramatically over the past 100 years, and continues to be an evolving field.

From the Paper
"One of the earliest influences upon concepts of race and racism in the field of anthropology was that of the early 20th century anthropologist Franz Boas. Boas "struggled to reconcile the tension between cultural anthropology and the methodological rigors of physical anthropology," arguing that physically, the "the average African American possessed the same mental capabilities as ordinary whites," but falling prey to the self-serving assumptions of his day, as Boas claimed there was a "dearth of 'men of high genius,' among African Americans (Smithers 2008, p.32). Boas failed to recognize the effects of racism in American society upon African-American young people as well as intellectual luminaries who overcame racism such as Booker T. Washington and W.E. B. Dubois. Boas also stated on other occasions that biologically "the mind of primitive man differed from that of civilized man" even while arguing "for a more rigorous approach to physical anthropology, incorporating political and social milieus into studies of race" "

Tags:academia, Franz Boas, Third Reich, stereotypes

Abstract
This paper discusses how, throughout his beautiful and well-crafted essay, "Learning to Read and Write," Frederick Douglass incorporates linguistic theories of constructivism, sociolinguistics and the psychology of literacy, with his motivation to attain literacy and rise above his social situation. It also shows how the essay is a wonderful study of history and how it confirms a variety of literacy practices in the modern era.

From the Paper
"Douglass's description of learning to read is riddled with constructivist self-teaching methods. By considering his cultural situation, overhearing the conversations of others, and deciphering the meanings of unfamiliar words through context clues, Douglass was eventually able to construct a simple platform of literacy from which he could jump off into deeper and more complex facets of literacy. The best example of Douglass's use of these constructivist self-teaching methods is his pursuit to learn the meaning of the word "abolitionist." Because of the social climate, Douglass is automatically drawn to the word "abolitionist." The word is "interesting" to him because it was used in "connotations" that piqued his curiosity--a slave running away, killing his master, or doing "anything wrong in the mind of a slaveholder" (Douglass). "

Tags:abolition, slavery, literacy

Abstract
This paper discusses the issues regarding ethical failure in research design. The paper examines attempts to codify responses to ethical dilemmas. The issue of ethics in collecting data and in analyzing and reporting data is explored in the paper.

From the Paper
"There is no question, in the aftermath of the WorldCom and Enron ethics failures, that ethics education is lacking in corporate America. But there is also ample evidence that academics have difficulties with ethical issues as well. "Noted historians Alex Haley, Doris Kearns Goodman and Steven E. Ambrose were accused of scholarly plagiarism in the writing of their books" (Petress 2003), certainly an ethical lapse in research conduct if the charges are true. Mr. Haley was deceased when the charges were leveled; Ms. Goodman apparently surmounted the charges leveled at her as she remains an NBC political commentator. (However, it should be mentioned that media might be seen as rife with ethical problems regarding their research, with the New York Times' Jayson Blair coming to mind. Indeed, many news professionals accused of ethical lapses, mainly plagiarism, have gone on to other jobs, "adding some truth to the belief that plagiarism is not such a terrible act" (Petress 2003). However, media is not academia, where higher standards must be achieved for several simple reasons, not least of which is that, in some disciplines such as medicine and law, life itself may hang on the outcome."

Tags:plagiarism, copyright, professionalism

Abstract
This paper discusses the claim that the management of educational institutions should be run in the same manner as business management. It describes the various problems which can and do arise in the running of a university and suggests the same methods as are utilized in the private sector, as solutions to these problems.

Table of Contents

Opportunities and Threats in Academia
Feedback and Performance Appraisals
Insubordination and Tenure
Flexible Teaching and Management Systems
Multicultural Management in Academia
Cooperation between Administration and Faculty

From the Paper
"Management in higher education takes on many of the same qualities as management in the private sector. There is a strong division between tenure and non-tenure faculty just as there are divisions between management and lower staff in corporations. There must be a system of rewards and punishment so that tenured professors will continue to perform at a high level. There is a great need for administrators to learn how to work with its multicultural faculty members so that an increasing number of minorities will become tenured. The university system should remember that its business should focus on educating students."

Tags:university, faculty, lecturers, professors, tenure, students, academia

Abstract
In this paper the author looks at the concept of critical thinking. He examines the world of academia, which he suggests is saturated with ideas, assumptions and statistics. He suggests that many educators strive to teach the skills to utilize these ideas, assumptions and statistics in both a scholarly context and in real life situations. He then contends that to assume that critical thinking skills are so easily transferable is far more complex. With this in mind he moves on to look at Stephen Jay Gould's essay, "The Median Isn't the Message," in which he suggests that Gould describes the difficulties of taking statistics and academic studies out of context. Gould does this by referring to a time when he was diagnosed with a disease and how easily he could have been misled by the statistics had he chosen not to use his own critical thinking.

From the paper:

"Gould points out these personal experiences to send a message to his readers. Generally one does not relate such personal details of one's life to simply prove some academic concept. Gould wants his readers to take his experience and apply it. He tells the reader through his own account, to question everything, especially statistics. Humans have a tendency to hear statistics and interpret them without questioning what is really being said."

Tags:academia, abdominal, mesothelioma, Stephen, jay, gould, the, median, isn?t, the, message, ideas, assumptions, statistics, examination, critical, thinking, acceptance, challenging