Abstract
This paper takes a look at alcoholics and drug abusers with liver damage caused by their substance abuse and discusses whether or not they should be allowed to undergo liver transplants, taking into consideration the success rate of such a transplant in both substance abusers and non-addicts.

From the Paper
"According to Jim Warren, editor of Transplant News, any time someone famous gets a transplant, questions are raised, and cites the example of Robert Casey, governor of Pennsylvania who received a heart-liver transplant within a mere 24 hour wait period, yet Warren's investigation turned up nothing unethical about the case (Laitner pp). In fact, the reason Casey received his transplant in such a short time was due to the protocol at the University of Pittsburgh, where he was listed, which gives precedence to anyone with a multiple-organ request (Laitner pp). And in Crosby's case, Warren suspects that Crosby was the candidate on the list who was most eligible for that particular organ at that time (Laitner pp)."

Tags:liver, donor, patients, diagnosis, sobriety, dependency

Abstract
The paper discusses the low self-esteem of abusers, their controlling behavior and their need to insult and break down the self-esteem of their victims. The paper also points out that the abuser is quick to anger at home, has poor communication skills and is a good liar and manipulator, but will likely be able to mask his abusive side while out in the social world. The paper notes that abusers fear being abandoned by their family or loved ones and go to great lengths to make sure their victims are too scared to leave. Finally, the paper addresses the most common characteristic of all abusers, that is, substance abuse.

From the Paper
"Abuse can come in many different forms and can cause major physical and mental health consequences to the victims. The abuse is not the fault of the victim but the fault of the characteristics of the abusers. Abuse can be physical, sexual, emotional or verbal as well as involving neglect. Abusers want power and control over their victims and will go to any means to ensure this happens. Physical abuse and sexual abuse consists of the abuser inserting their control over their victims using violence and force while emotional and verbal abuse involves the abuser using hateful words and continued insults.
"Statistics show that 92% of all abusers are men while the other 8% consists of women that are mainly abusers of their children (Victoria, 2006). There are many theories as to way or what characteristics cause the abuser to abuse. One common characteristic of the abuser is low self-esteem. Even though the abuser may display and outer appearance of confidence in truth they have low self-esteem and as a result they become hyper-macho to prove their masculinity to the world. Another common characteristic is controlling behavior. Due to low self-esteem and other insecurities the abuser must control everyone and everything around them."

Tags:control, manipulation, victims, substance, abuse

Abstract
This paper is a research proposal on the link between experiencing abuse as a child and becoming an abuser in later later. The paper includes a brief problem statement, a literature review in abstract form and methodology.

Tags:Cycle, of, Abuse, Child, Abuse

Abstract
This paper looks at how between 10,000 and 12,000 people die annually who are considered medically suitable for organ donation and how only an estimated 6000 people donate. It discusses how, faced with the demand greatly exceeding the supply, we are faced with the moral and ethical decision of how to allocate these organs. In particular, it focuses on liver transplants and the ethics of giving patients who failed to seek treatment for their alcoholism a lower priority for organs over patients who are in need of a transplant through no fault of their own.

From the Paper
"Individuals with a reversible disease such as alcoholism should seek help before it progresses into the stage where transplantation is necessary. Alcoholism is a chronic disease, for which treatment is available and effective. Alcoholics should be held responsible for seeking and obtaining treatment that could prevent the development of late-stage complications such as the development of late-stage complications such as ARESLD. This view is consistent with that of Alcoholics Anonymous in the belief that alcoholics are responsible for undertaking a program of recovery that will keep their disease of alcoholism in remission. One comprehensive review concluded that more than two thirds of patients who accept therapy improve (Steinbock, Arras, and London, 2003)."

Tags:alcoholism, cirrhosis

Abstract
This paper explains that incidents of child abuse, in the form of physical, emotional, sexual and neglect abuse, continue to rise and can happen to any child of any race, gender and age. The author points out that physical child abuse consists of an injury inflected on a child other than by accidental means including bite marks, burns and poisoning; emotional child abuse is constantly blaming or putting down a child, excessive yelling or shaming. The paper relates that distinguishing accidents from abuse can cause problems in determining whether the injury is abuse; however, suspicion is underscored by the location of the injury, the number and frequency of injuries in different stages of healing, the size and shape of an injury and the explanation of how the injury occurred.

Table of Contents
Brief Meaning and Examples of Child Abuse
Types of Abuse
1. Physical Abuse
2. Emotional
3. Sexual
4. Neglect
Characteristics of Potentially Abusive Neglectful Adults
Distinguishing Accidents from Abuse
1. Location of Injuries?
2. Number and Frequency of Injuries?
3. Size and Shape of Injuries?
4. Description of How Injuries Occurred?
5. Are Injuries Consistent with Child's Developmental Abilities?
Statistics
Prevention
What to Do If Child Abuse Is Suspected
Argument- Stereotypes of Abusers
Conclusion

From the Paper
"How can adults help prevent child abuse and neglect? Friends can help out a parent under stress with a few hours of childcare or assistance with other chores. They can lend an ear to a parent or a child in crises, or they can support local programs that offer childcare, parent education, family counseling, and child safety. Caring, concerned individuals can "call a parental stress program for resources and support and reach out to those in need." If child abuse is suspected, wary adults should call the local Department of Family Services. DFS offers a parental stress help line for parents who feel overwhelmed with parental pressures and responsibilities."

Tags:assistance, parenting-skills, sexual, neglect, death

Abstract
This paper explains that the effects of childhood sexual abuse are legion including physical, social, emotional, and sexual malfunctions. The paper points out that there are psychological indicators that may include complaints about abuse, intricate stories/games/fantasies or questions involving sexual abuse, and drawings depicting abuse, sexual organs, or sexual situations between adults and children. The author believes that a qualified psychologist or psychiatrist can not only help ease the pain of the abuse and help prepare the child for testimony, but also can provide evidence to help with an ongoing criminal or civil court case.

From the Paper
"Investigators, whether in the police or elsewhere, should always be careful not to ask leading questions or try to force the child into a certain interpretation of events. Children are easily intimidated, especially when they have been abused by adults, and can be forced to change their stories if subjected to harsh interrogation. Questions ought not be in the form of a suggestive narrative (such as "tell me about the time he touched your privates." when no such reference has been made so far), as children may believe that they are being invited to engage in a game of make-believe or even feel that they are required to tell a story to make the interviewer happy. Open ended questions are far better. "Has anyone ever touched you in a way you didn't like?" followed by "Who?" and "What happened?" is far more productive."

Tags:fantasy, interrogation, drawings, latent, court

Abstract
This paper states a basic premise of adventure therapy is that a series of well-designed activities focusing on success experiences will help break the cycles of failure and bring about an increase in that person's ability to feel good about him/herself. The author discuses the goals of AT are important to the recovering addict. The paper presents a complete research design.

Table of Contents
Theoretical Background
The Adolescent, Self Esteem and Substance Abuse
Adventure Therapy and the Adolescent
Introduction to the Research
Methodology
Subjects
Instruments
Procedures
Data Analysis
Data Organization
Statistical Procedures
Significance of the Study
Implications
Applications

From the Paper
"The physical nature of adventure therapy and the real life nature of experiential learning activities, lends itself to be used by counselors of many different theoretical. AT easily allows the counselor to design a program unique to its setting. The basic model of experiential learning is based on the premise that intervention fosters learning, which leads to insight. This new insight, can then create necessary permanent changes."

Tags:addict, psychoanalytical, risk, data, treatment, scores, multifactorial, anova

Abstract
In this article the writer discusses that the work 'Counseling Survivors of Sexual Abuse' authored by Diane M. Langberg is a powerful, daring and effective book. The writer presents her personal reaction to the treatment of sexual abuse and notes that the book opened her eyes to what treatments are used to assist an abuser and what foundations are used to get over the abuse. The writer concludes with a very favorable impression of Dr. Langberg's passion to aide, assist and help the survivors that have been sexually abused, especially in the theological framework of people that have been traumatized.

From the Paper
"Another eye opener is the fact that Dr. Langberg encourages survivors to write out Isaiah 53, which should assist with brining God closer into their lives since Jesus suffered on the cross and was resurrected.
"It seems that there are various factors that affect a child's reaction to abuse to include how the child perceives the abuser and distinctive things associated from the assault. Dr. Langberg observed and counseled symptomatic and asymptomatic victims; as part of treatment methods, reunification issues and cognitive therapy along with nondirective support therapy. Dr. Langberg uses individual therapy as opposed to group therapy."

Tags:abuser, treatments, physical, mental

Abstract
This paper details the published research findings which state that there are four basic types of abusers. The writer of this paper explores the various theories that claim child abuse is in fact based on social, environmental and structural factors including economic status, cultural values, social isolation and lack of a community support system. The writer contends and explains why cultural norms are a significant cause of child abuse. The writer of this paper emphasizes the need for early intervention to both identify and combat cases of child abuse. The writer also stresses the importance of understanding the social causes of child abuse which can then help treat the abuser and prevent abuse from both occurring and escalating.

Table of Contents:
The Types of Abusers
The Social Systems Theory
Socialization/Role Strain Theory
The Social Interaction Theory
The Religious Theory
Other Social Phenomena
Intervention
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"Research and studies on child abuse and abusers indicate there are four basic types of abuser. The "accelerator" sees the child as having some kind of negative affect. (The child may remind them of a former spouse, or be inadvertently blamed for the break-up of a relationship). The abuser may take out their anger and frustration at these situations on the child. The "mediator" has some kind of reason that rationalizes the abuse, such as Biblical passages or "folk" wisdom that seem to support some kind of harsh discipline ("spare the rod and spoil the child"). In the "brakes" abuser, the abuser cannot control their actions and impulses and so allow their impulses to rule over their common sense.
Finally, the "reinforcer" finds some kind of emotional payoff from the abuse. They feel more in control, they can ignore other problems in their life, etc."

Tags:social, abuse, children, family, structure, cultural, norms, research, theories, finance

Abstract
The following discussion proposes to explore the question of the likelihood of children who are victims of abuse becoming abusers of their own children. Essentially the discussion will consist of three parts. Initially, a common sense answer, a potential hypothesis will be identified. Then abuse will be defined and identified. Subsequently, the link between childhood abuse and becoming an abuser will be explored. Finally, a brief conclusion will draw these disparate threads of argument together.

Tags:abused, grow, abusers