Abstract
The paper explores the nature of the problem of substance abuse and discusses how it is not only physical, but mental too. The paper then
provides a literature review in order to determine how substance abuse counselors are perceived and whether or not they are effective. The paper reaches the conclusion that substance abuse counseling is a highly effective and very necessary part of the treatment of substance abusers.

Outline:
Introduction
Nature of the Problem
Purpose of Proposed Project
Background and Significance of Problem
Research Questions
Definition of Terms
Literature Review
Summary

From the Paper
"Substance abuse damages lives, and thus must in some way be reduced and ostensibly eliminated. The issue of treatment is one which is of particular relevance to this situation, as counseling may have a positive effect upon such a situation as substance abuse. However, to understand the implications of counseling upon substance abuse, the nature or origin of the problem must first be determined so that an effective and related treatment program may be devised. In reality, there are considerable and very real differences between the brains of those addicted to substances and those who are not. (Leshner 45) Given that there is not only a mental, but physical addiction, counseling alone may not be sufficient."

Tags:addictions, alcoholism, treatment, behaviors

Abstract
This paper explains why people seek such counseling, typical problems a counselor can encounter, and the root of nearly all substance abuse problems - the desire to escape, and what can be done to combat the patient's need to escape.

Tags:substance, abuse, counseling

Abstract
This paper considers the ways transference enables a confrontation with the deeper issues of relationships and love attachments in the lives of the substance abusers.

Abstract
This paper examines the purpose and goals of motivational interviewing, which is to inspire people to make the behavioral changes to find a more secure path in life. The paper specifically focuses on motivational interviewing regarding substance abuse. This approach is meant to help people to see a better future for themselves, and increases the client's awareness of the problems and consequences which will arise if a particular behavior is not ended.

From the Paper
"The purpose or goal of motivational interviewing is to inspire people to make the behavioral changes they need to make if they wish to find a more secure path in life. Specifically, motivational interviewing, besides helping people to see a better future for themselves, and besides reminding them that they have the potential to have such a future, increases the client's awareness of the problems and consequences which will arise if a particular behavior is not ended. In the end, it is more than simply a form of "pep-talk"; motivational interviewing aims to guide

Tags:motivational, interviewing, substance

Abstract
This paper examines the language and cultural aspect of deafness. The author discusses the effect these have on the deaf substance abuser's therapeutic relationship and on the treatment. It is also stressed that more research is needed to aid deaf and hearing impaired people.

From the Paper
"According to Robert Pollard (1996) approximately about 40,000 deaf Americans suffer from serious psychopathology. Only 2% of Deaf Americans in need of mental health services receive them. The Deaf population is severely underserved, proven by this fact. Individuals who are deaf constitute a special subgroup of the disabled population for whom counseling services are insufficiently provided (Tucker, 1981).According to Johnson and Locke (1978), research on substance abuse among deaf people is meager. Enough drug and alcohol abuse in a residential school for the deaf was present to justify special intervention and prevention programs (cited in McCrone, 1982). The deaf alcoholic is not only isolated from society because of his/her alcoholism, but the deaf community is normally an isolated group of people and there is the painful awareness of isolation for a person who is not only deaf but also ill with the disease of alcoholism (Hetherington, 1979). It is evident, as I will show in the following paper, more research is needed to allow mental health centers to provide services for hearing impaired and deaf individuals. This paper will focus on one of the reasons the mental health community has not fully served this cultural population."

Tags:deaf, relationship, counseling, therapy, therapeutic, language, hearing, impaired

Abstract
This paper describes the professional requirements for substance abuse counselors, their responsibilities and the standards they must uphold. These guidelines are based on the American Counseling Association Code of Ethics, which is presented in the paper. The writer points out that substance abuse counseling is a serious and responsible task, and that the counselor must never attempt to misuse his position and take advantage of the situation in order to seek gains for himself. He must follow the American Counseling Association Code of Ethics with the utmost sincerity and caution.

From the Paper
"Counselors must also make sure that they utilize the profession of counseling, and also practice it in such a manner that dignity and respect for the human race is kept in mind at all times, and is therefore, promoted. It must be noted that the Code of Ethics starts with a small introductory passage, in which the issue of what counselors must do in order to maintain discipline and behavior in their profession is discussed. If further goes on to state that when counselors are faced with certain ethical dilemmas that they may find difficult to resolve at that particular time, then they must perforce engage in a "carefully considered decision making process", so that they may be able to find an appropriate solution to the problem at hand. Since it is a fact that everyone has different opinions about one topic, and that there may as many different opinions as here are counselors, there is no specific decision making model that can be deemed the best or the most effective; counselors, according to the American Counselors Association are therefore expected to familiarize themselves with a credible model of decision making that would be able to stand on its own while under public scrutiny. (ACA Code of Ethics: The ACA Governing Council)"

Tags:substance, abuse, drugs, counselling, therapy, counselors, American, Counseling, Association, Code, of, Ethics, addiction

Abstract
This paper looks at how therapists who counsel human sexuality feel that the process involves a complex processing that involves the patient's interaction of biological, psychological and spiritual scope. These developments of one's sexuality seem to be forever expanding and intensifying. Specifically, and within a spiritual content, the paper discusses how authors Dr. and Mrs. Penner in "Counseling for Sexual
Disorders (Resources for Christian Counseling)" explore sexual dysfunctions through counseling with regards to therapy. It discusses how the three key points explained that seem crucial are inability of arousal, surviving sexual abuse, and the Christian view on sex.

From the Paper
"Although people may think that female sexual dysfunction stems from psychological reasons, there may be problems physically in terms of the female vagina. Or, sexual dysfunction can result from urinary issues, past sexual abuse, or something that may be chemically unbalanced. After the initial physical testing, say from the gynecologist, urologist and Internist, and there is nothing wrong in terms of sexual dysfunction, the next step is definitely counseling. However, some women feel embarrassed to seek counseling in this field and either blame themselves, blame their spouse, and/or blame their past relationship. Many women are informed to use various creams and ointment for pleasure however they return because the husband doesn't enjoy the feeling. Increasingly, women are being referred to counselors specializing in sexual disorders. "

Tags:therapists, abuse, disorder, christian

Abstract
This paper explores the role of social workers with women who have been physically abused. The writer discusses that social workers seeking to detect physical abuse need to concentrate on markers which can identify the potential emergence and/or presence of violence. The paper points out that behavior patterns can serve as a non-visual marker. Further, the writer notes that psychological damage can occur due to the impact of abuse.

From the Paper
"A significant problem in helping abused women is determining when women are victims of abuse. While it might appear as though detecting the victim of abuse would be a simple task, the reality of the situation is that abused women can come from any demographic population. Victims of physical abuse are arguably easier to detect as there might be commonalities in their patient history or there might be singular events in which their abusers went over the limits of physical tolerance and their victim required medical or legal attention. Even these conditions, however, are rare. It is estimated that approximately 9 million women within the United States are the victims of physical abuse, and less than 3 million women have been officially recorded as the victims of physical abuse."

Tags:women, abuse, social

Abstract
This paper explains that the connection between substance-abusing parents and child abuse has been studied at length; however, there is a lack of research into the correlation between social support services and the reduction of child abuse by these parents. The paper then proposes a research study that will evaluate if social support networks, such as 12-step programs, rehabilitation programs and related community-based social services, could lead to a reduction of child abuse and substance abuse. The paper explains that the population for this study is parents of African-American children between the ages of two and ten years old, who have a high incidents of child abuse and substance abuse.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Problem Statement
Research Question
Literature Review
Hypothesis
Sample
Human Subject Issues
Conceptualization and Operationalization
Research Design
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Discussion

From the Paper
"This is an area where family therapy can be especially facilitative. For families in which self-expression is considered a weakness, an empowerment approach can help define the family in terms of the unique forms, structures, and roles that clients are actually immersed in or are attempting to renegotiate, rather than in terms of an ideal unit. Clients should be supported in defining their families for themselves and then in using creative outreach strategies to actively involve the identified members in a variety of family sessions."

Tags:quantitative, african, american, rehabilitation, counseling, correlational

Abstract
This paper discuses issues relevant to the identification and counseling of gay and lesbian high school students. It looks at the importance of counselors and teachers understanding the unique stressors of gay and lesbian students and an often unsupportive, unacccepting, hostile school environment. The paper conducts a research study of high school gay or lesbian students who have been subject to harassment, violence and verbal abuse.

Tags:gay adolescents, counseling