Abstract
This paper analyzes short-term study abroad programs based on the types of exposure students receive. Concise definition of short-term programs is given and advantages and disadvantages of programs are presented.

From the Paper
"In recent years, short-term study abroad programs targeted at elementary and secondary school students have become increasingly popular. Although no statistics have been gathered on this specific population, Hudzik and Larsen have noted the trends of junior high and high school language teachers, social studies teachers, athletic coaches and band directors accompanying students to study abroad. Some of these programs for young students are also organized by youth exchange organizations such as..."

Tags:Education, study abroad

Abstract
In this article, the writer examines risk management for government employees and American businessmen and businesswomen working abroad. The writer discusses State Department's suggestions for Americans working abroad, and looks at possible risks that they may encounter.

From the Paper
"According to an essay published online by the U.S. Department of State, whether you are traveling overseas for business pleasure or study, the best way to ensure your safety is to prevent problems before they happen. The more you learn about passports, visas, customs, immunizations and other travel basics the less likely you are to have problems on business trips or on foreign assignments. Policies vary from country to ..."

Tags:risk management, employees, government

Abstract
This paper explains that there is a conflict whether, based on McCrowskey's willingness to communicate theory (WTC) in the acquisition of a second language, perceived language competence (PLC) or observable language competence (OLC) is a better predictor of second language use. The paper presents a research proposal in which it is hypothesized that PLC is a better predictor of WTC in students studying abroad for language acquisition and that the previous amount of study will not improve the student's WTC. The paper describes the selection of a specific population to be interviewed via questionnaires. These questionnaires and a table are included in this paper.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Previous Literature
Components of Willingness to Communicate
Perceived Competence vs. Actual Competence
WTC role in Emersion and Acquisition
Current Study
Research Methods
The Questionnaires
Hypothesis and Expected Data Results
Appendix: Questionnaire

From the Paper
"Willingness to Communicate is more often described as a physiological phenomenon rather than social one. When McCrowsky and colleagues developed the first instrument to test WTC, he was attempting to discover what inhibited or facilitated communication between people and what processes do people engage in when they choose to speak up in a conversation or to remain silent. So the first ideas about WTC and the accompanying questionnaire focused on the cognitive processes that occur when an individual is presented with the opportunity to speak and they have free choice to communicate."

Tags:self-confidence, host country, social circumstances, dormitory open-ended

Abstract
This paper analyzes the book "Innocents Abroad" that started as a series of letters written by Mark Twain for a newspaper in San Francisco concerning his 1867 trip to the Holy Land. It examines how the purpose of the book was reveal to others what he had seen with his own eyes, the reality of the world separated from the interferences of pretense and convention and how the book that resulted is a mixture of irreverence and the promotion of America as an ideal. It discusses one of the central themes in the book which is the degree to which the reality differs from the expectations of the narrator and how he realizes that Americans (at the time) really were ignorant of the rest of the world.

From the Paper
"Attitudes like this are only one reason why Americans tend to keep themselves isolated, even American officials, as Twain notes when discussing his visit to Tangiers: "When we went to call on our American Consul General, today, I noticed that all possible games for parlor amusement seemed to be represented on his center tables. I thought that hinted at lonesomeness. The idea was correct. His is the only American family in Tangier. There are many foreign consuls in this place; but much visiting is not indulged in. Tangier is clear out of the world, and what is the use of visiting when people have nothing on earth to talk about? (Twain 62)."

Tags:americans, pilgrims, europe, middle, east, roman, catholicism

Abstract
Increasing numbers of U.S. multinational corporations are going global. Some move to tax havens and others relocate to cut costs and for risk management. This paper examines the benefits of Corporate reincorporations - the ability to reach global markets offer these companies competitiveness with foreign corporations. The paper shows that some of these companies are also moving because of the high U.S. corporate taxes.

From the Paper
"When Multinationals move abroad, they are also involved in a process of risk reduction. As U.S. corporations have expanded their global reach they are better able to put the U.S. workforce in direct competition with foreign workers, thus increasing their profits while driving down our wages, and general standard of living. Global corporations are better able to use technology to downsize their workforces, thus creating anxiety among working people who no longer feel secure about the future of their jobs."

Tags:globalization, migrations, MNC, Paul, O?Neil

From the Paper
"Travel books have been a staple in Western literature for centuries, and as the area that a traveler can cover has increased, so has the tendency to write about all the sights, sounds, and peoples encountered. In the hands of a writer like Mark Twain or Paul Bowles, this genre can produce not only lively writing about foreign climes but also important philosophical observations on human life and the effect of travel on the individual. An examination of Mark Twain's The Innocents Abroad and Paul Bowles' The Sheltering Sky will demonstrate how each has presented their journey, why they undertook this journey, and how this journey was both physical and philosophical for each.

"The Innocents Aborad" is a book that started as a series of letters written by Mark Twain for a newspaper in San Francisco concerning his 1867 trip on the Quaker City. The travelers on ... "

Abstract
This paper compares the higher education systems of both Korea and the USA. The author, speaking of his own decision and experience of studying in the USA instead of Korea, explains the differences in learning and application methods of the two countries. The paper gives several more reasons why the USA is the popular choice amongst international students, such as academic freedom and independent thinking. The author also lists other benefits such as understanding a new culture and personal development. However the paper also cautions against disadvantages of international students living in America. Higher tuition fees, high expenses for calling home and the higher crime rate are also points to consider when studying abroad.

From the Paper
"There are several reasons why more international students think that studying in the United States is most beneficial. First, the US education system strongly promotes academic freedom. Academic freedom is the right of every student to freely inquire on certain things for the sake of broadened learning. Unfortunately, academic freedom is not exercised in all areas of the world. In Korea, the education system promotes rote learning and memorization. This kind of technique does not necessarily encourage in-depth learning among Koreans. These students tend to mimic lessons learned and not completely comprehend the whole situation."

Tags:higher education, korea culture

Abstract
This paper explores the nature of accounting design and structure within the United States as it compares to other major foreign markets. It discusses common regulatory practices and what agencies establish those practices within the U.S. The paper also explores the differences in handling foreign currency along with the gaps between the U.S. GAAP and other typical foreign policies regarding the same sets of financial accounting standards. It ends with discussing potential plans to further align the U.S. system with an already established International system.

Tags:finance, accounting, foreign markets

From the Paper
" Doing Business Abroad

Introduction
There are many reasons that organizations want to expand overseas, including those listed. However, there are also many problems associated with doing business abroad, particularly in countries that are outside of the Western developed world. Language difficulties, less developed infrastructure, and cultural differences can present problems to organizations. In this paper, the focus is on looking briefly at the legal, cultural, and economic factors that businesses should consider before beginning overseas expansion.

Legal Factors
.."

Abstract
One of the largest sources of competitive advantage for a global corporation is the ability to optimize operations on a world-wide scale by minimizing costs and maximizing revenues. This is accomplished by leveraging technology, manufacturing efficiencies, brand names, and/or capital across countries. This paper explains that the major thrust of Starbucks Corporation's global strategy has been to build a global brand to target customers in all major markets throughout the world. However, the writer points out that even with instant name recognition, the company has faced enormous challenges in applying its domestic business model to work in many foreign markets.

From the Paper
"Starbucks was founded in 1971 as a gourmet coffee bean roaster and distributor and began to dominate the North American market over the following two decades. To continue its rapid growth and to combat the threat of future market saturation in its own domestic market, Starbucks turned its eye to international expansion in 1996 (Starbucks outlines international growth strategy; focus on retail expansion and profitability, 2004). By the end of that year, Starbucks had opened 127 international stores. At the end of 2000 the company had reached 792 stores in sixteen countries outside the United States and has just ended fiscal year 2004 with 2,437 stores in 33 countries outside of the United States."

Tags:international, coffee