Abstract
This paper studies the research and theories of psychology developed by Abraham Maslow, and investigates how his research was affected by his biological and social development. Maslow's theories and his research on human motivation and human needs revolutionized psychology was the foundation for the Theory of Humanistic Psychology. The paper contends that certain aspects of his upbringing are directly causational to Abraham Maslow's fascination with psychology, and motivated his research throughout his career. Noteworthy publications by Maslow that impacted psychology and related psychosocial fields, are discussed. The paper notes that Maslow is also renowned for his research on self-actualization based on his Hierarchy of Needs. His influence and contributions to modern psychology are discussed in depth. This paper contains an illustrative figure.

From the Paper
"Upon his return to New York City, Abraham Maslow developed a more intimate relationship with his cousin, and re-enrolled at CCNY. Once again, he was not happy with his life in New York and ran off to enroll in more liberal University of Wisconsin (UW). Unlike Cornell University, the study of psychology at UW was not based on the method of structuralism, which according to Maslow attempted to turn psychology into a strict science such as chemistry. Here he fully realized his interest in psychology, as well as how deep his love for cousin Bertha Goodman was. The more liberal route of psychology offered at UW opened Maslow to new ideas such as the idea of utopianism, Ivan Pavlov's research on classical conditioning, and Harry Harlow's research on attachment behavior (Maslow, 1971). Abraham Maslow received his bachelor's degree in 1930, his master's degree in 1931, and his doctorate in 1934, all in psychology, all from the UW."

Tags:motivation, self-actualization, humanistic, needs, hierarchy

Abstract
This paper discusses how, a graduate of the University of Wisconsin in the field of Psychology, Abraham Maslow was one of the founders of humanistic psychology. Most well known for his Hierarchy of Needs, the paper also looks at how Maslow continually moved towards better theories and a better understanding of human nature.

Outline:
Introduction
Background and Childhood
Psychological Development
Influences
Theories
Maslow's Influences
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Although his family wanted different things for him, most importantly they wanted their son to be successful with his career. Early on, Maslow was heavily pushed to pursue the career of a lawyer by his parents. After discovering that law wasn't his calling, Maslow went home to his parents and told them that he didn't want to be a lawyer. His parents support for him no matter what his decision showed when they simply asked him what he wanted to be. Although his parents were not educated and could not fully understand their son's lust for learning and his drive to further his schooling, they were kind people and loved their son and wanted the best for him. Having a family support system where children are encouraged to follow their dreams is vital in the development of a child. Being able to actively pursue ones one goals and aspirations without the fear of negativity or reprisal helps children grow and flourish."

Tags:Hierarchy, of, Needs

Abstract
This paper elaborates on the theories of Abraham Maslow and Benjamin Bloom and describes their application to the educational setting so as to produce the best result possible for the educational system. It is descriptive in character and provides complete theoretical information with analysis.

Tags:blooms, taxonomy, maslow

Abstract
This paper assesses Abraham Maslow's theory of human needs and its application to a wide variety of fields. The paper provides a detailed review of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory, explaining that it addresses the fulfilment of the five basic human psychological needs. The paper briefly defines and provides examples of these needs, which are physiological, security, social, esteem and self-actualization. Next, the paper discusses the application of Maslow's theory to three fields: (1) education, to motivate students and to explain student behavior; (2) business, to shape policies regarding motivation, compensation, job satisfaction and job development and (3) marketing, to explain consumer behavior and to develop relevant sales strategies.

From the Paper
"Abraham Maslow was the leading psychologist in the development of humanistic psychology, which he labeled the "Third Force" and conceived as a reaction against the first force of psychoanalytic psychology and the second force of behaviorism. Maslow did not reject either Freud or behaviorism, but he did find that both models of psychology were incomplete and inadequate, and he spoke of himself as "epi-Freudian" and "epi-behavioristic," showing that he intended to build upon and add to the foundations of the previous psychologies. Beginning in the 1930s, Maslow began to focus on certain psychological problems that could not be answered within the scope of a "behavioristic," "value-free," and "mechanomorphic" psychology (Moss, 1994, p. 24)."

Tags:education, business, marketing, sales, psychology, freud, jung, physiological, security, social, esteem, self-actualization

Abstract
This paper discusses how Abraham Maslow was considered the father of human psychology and how he coined his way of thinking as the "Third Force." This differed from the thoughts of Sigmund Freud or behaviorists who focused on man's shortcomings. It looks at how Maslow believed that man was intrinsically good and was destined to reach his ultimate potentials and how he believed that man had a hierarchy of needs and was driven to attain one goal after another. It also examines how with these assumptions and observations, he developed his theory of human motivation to further understand man and his nature.

From the Paper
"Motivation is defined by many as the intention to perform a specific activity. It is initiated with the desire or wish to attain something. The person is motivated to accomplish cognitive or motor goal-directed actions addressed to the environment to satisfy central and intrinsic personal needs, as well as in an attempt to achieve predominantly extrinsic goals (Dai and Sternberg, 2004). Intrinsic needs are those imposed by man himself, while extrinsic needs refer to those goals that are induced or imposed by others in the society or the situation. In the workplace, determinants of work motivation depend on the employee's characteristics or internal needs (i.e. employee motives and job satisfaction) and the external environment (i.e. what the job is and its work content) (Wright, 2004). Some people are primarily motivated by an extrinsic need to support his family; he then seeks for work with adequate salary. "

Tags:goal, need, work

Abstract
The paper discusses Maslow's concepts concerning employers' responsibilities to offer a work environment that motivates and encourages personnel to attain self-actualization. The paper relates that it is necessary to develop top-down employee communication programs that keep people aware of changes, the reasons for these changes, the impact on them and how their involvement is needed to implement the transitions. The paper further relates that providing information is different than providing knowledge. The paper explains that whether people receive information or knowledge is based on their location on the Maslow hierarchy, which can be determined through different means.

From the Paper
"Despite the fact that Abraham Maslow developed his needs theory approximately 60 years ago, it is just as relevant today. Humans have personal needs that must be filled in order to reach the highest level of self-actualization. In order to best motivate their employees and to be the most competitive, organizations must consider this hierarchy of needs when developing strategies. One of the ways is to ensure that proper communication is provided to employees, especially in times of rapid change."

Tags:communication, information, knowledge, security, motivation

Abstract
In this article, the writer examines Maslow's theory of motivation, emphasizing its foundational concept of a need hierarchy. The point is made that Maslow viewed needs as driving the behavior of human beings and doing so in a manner that required lower order needs to be satisfied prior to the satisfaction of higher order needs.

From the Paper
"This paper examines Maslow's theory of motivation emphasizing its foundational concept of a need hierarchy. The point is made that Maslow viewed needs as driving the behavior of human beings and doing so in a manner that required lower order needs to be satisfied prior to the satisfaction of higher order needs. Five categories of needs are delineated and discussed. The literature on applications of Maslow's theory to organizations is then briefly examined. Brief conclusions about the theory and its ..."

Tags:Maslow, Need Hierarchy, theory of motivation

Abstract
This paper presents a summary and critique of a psychology experiment by John R. Sumerlin on Maslow's theory of self-actualization concerning the relationship between hope and self-actualization.

From the Paper
"The following essay includes a summary and critique of John R. Sumerlin's experiment on Maslow's theory of self-actualization. By conducting research on a population of graduate students, Sumerlin maintains that self-actualization involves striving, courage, risk-taking, openness to experience and attainment of personality growth capacity. Maslow's theory of needs is illustrated including his views that self-actualized individuals represent the most healthy and enriched human beings. Results of the study may demonstrate gender bias. Women scored higher on self-actualization but do confirm the

Tags:hierarchy of needs, motivation, risk-taking, achievement, capacity, courage, curiosity, goals, human development and growth

Abstract
This paper details the psychological theory of Abraham Maslow. The paper discusses his hierarchy of needs, listing each need and providing examples, as well as showing how the hierarchy is built. There is an expanded section detailing what is meant by self-actualization as well as what Maslow called "peak experiences." A full listing of the B-values are given, as well as numerous other traits and characteristics of self-actualized people. Also explained are Maslow's other hypothesized needs, such as the cognitive, aesthetic, and neurotic needs, and how these all interact with his hierarchy of needs. The paper introduces Maslow as a visionary and pioneer of humanistic psychology who came from a world dominated by psychoanalysis and behaviorism and emerged to provide the world with a more positive, instructional, and human view of mankind and his place in nature.

From the Paper
"These theories shared in common an approach to understanding human nature and behavior that were based directly outside the subjective needs, beliefs, and values of the individual. In grossly simplified terms, the individual was viewed either as a locus in the environment where current stimuli reacted with past reinforced behavior patterns to produce a response or as an almost helpless entity, where deep in the primitive recesses of the human brain a battle was fought for psychological control. Where forces of the good "superego" were beating back the evil armies of the "id" (sex and aggression) and whichever side was winning the battle at any given time would manifest itself in the person's overt behavior. Abraham Maslow was a visionary who pioneered the field of "humanistic" psychology. Aptly named because its primary goal was to center the field of psychology around the individual person to treat them as wanting, feeling, needing, spiritual, and unique beings and to guise psychological theory in terms that took this into account."

Tags:clinical, gestalt, personality, rogers, theorist, therapy, values

Abstract
This in-depth paper explores Maslow's career as a trained experimental and quantitative psychologist who rebelled against the current model of abnormal psychology and began to investigate normal individuals for aspects of mental health. This paper also discusses Maslow's critical view of Sigmund Freud's theories. During his career Maslow studied great figures in history including: Abraham Lincoln, Albert Schweitzer and Mahatma Gandhi while he concentrated on the healthy aspects of the human psyche.
His theory of hierarchical needs and the concept of self-actualization arose out of this historical investigation.
Topics covered in this report include:
A Short History of Psychology
Maslow's Rebellion Against Freud, Watson and Skinner
Maslow's Emphasis on the Healthy Personality
The Hierarchy of Needs
Peak Experiences Defined
Maslow's Research on Self Actualizing Personalities
Maslow and Management - a Renaissance of Third Force Psychology
How Can Self-Actualization Assist Societal Growth in the Future?
Conclusion
Footnotes
References

From the Paper
"Abraham Maslow was one of the great personality theorists to emerge from the school of Neo-Freudism. This was a period when therapists were attempting to go beyond Freudian concepts and redefine clinical psychology through other techniques. Some of the reasons they felt compelled to try new ways of communicating with their patients were multi fold. First, psychoanalysis was a very long and expensive process for the patient and it also required that the therapist become a Doctor of Medicine before studying psychoanalysis."

Tags:mental, health, freud, theory, psychology, biography