Abstract
Abortion is a deeply controversial subject. It drives a great many emotional responses which are founded in philosophical, political and practical dispositions on the subject. The paper suggests that one of the reasons for women seeking abortions are unwanted pregnancies and that addressing the matter of unwanted pregnancies is the best way to decrease the number of abortions. The paper then examines the question of whether or not it is the nurse's ethical responsibility to encourage the use of the emergency contraception pill as a way to prevent unwanted pregnancy. In addition, the paper considers such matters as the pill's proven effectiveness, the availability and presence of public knowledge on the subject and issues relating to cultural, ideological or political resistance.

From the Paper
"Of course, it is fair to acknowledge that any number of factors prevent us from assuming that all of the women surveyed were either at risk of pregnancy, were desiring not to become pregnant or were not already using some form of contraception. However, the study does reinforce this finding with the notation that of U.K. women in the same age group arriving at hospitals for an abortion procedure, only 11% have used the emergency contraception method in the interest of avoiding the occurrence of an unwanted pregnancy. It is therefore suggested that quite indeed, for the nurse practitioner, there is some greater barrier to overcome beyond simply a lack of public awareness. Instead, it must also be considered that accessibility, affordability or simple convenience may all be factors in encouraging or preventing high risk women in taking this action."

Tags:abortion hospital nurse unwanted pregnancy medical information ethical, birth control, contraception unprotected sexual intercourse

Abstract
This paper explains why a woman's views that abortion in the early stages of pregnancy is permissible but that the death penalty is never permissible are congruent and consistent from a moral and ethical standpoint.

From the Paper
"Though Abby rejects the application of the death penalty in all instances she does advocate the permissibility of abortion in the early stages. Despite the seeming contradiction of ethics or morals in these views, Abby's views on abortion and the death penalty are more congruent than they might initially appear. This is because abortion is part of a woman's overall reproductive rights guaranteed by law while the death penalty is often applied in a biased manner and represents state-sanctioned homicide..."

Tags:capital punishment, reproductive freedom, gender, pregnancy, murder, natural rights, right to life, Locke, God, minorities, universality, inalienable, legislation, civil law

Abstract
This paper describes the ethical dilemma of abortion in nursing, noting that it was a very sensitive issue involving the values of life or self-determination. The paper shows how the issue can generate great stress and great conflict among nurses and can be expected to change the role of the practioner in nursing in some very stressful ways. The paper concludes that more ethical and legal education will be needed .

From the Paper
"Jali states that healthcare practitioners are faced with one central issue with respect to abortion which is described as follows: At one extreme are the views of the pro-life group, which argues that human life begins at the moment of conception whilst at the other, are views of the pro-choice group that argues in favour of a woman's right to self-determination. Two basic principles come into conflict in..."

Tags:abortion, life, self-determination, ethical, nursing

Abstract
This paper presents the argument that a woman faced with an unplanned pregnancy should ultimately feel more comfortable giving her baby up for adoption than having an abortion. It argues that the mother should feel happier knowing the child would be brought up by a loving family than killing the unborn child.

From the Paper
"In addition, the woman who decides to give a baby from an unplanned pregnancy up for adoption is giving the greatest gift of love she possibly can not only to the baby that she feels she cannot adequately raise or love, but also to the family who seeks a child for adoption. The mother who gives her baby up for adoption knows that her baby is above all a wanted baby by the adopting family. She can know for the rest of her life that she was able to give a special gift to someone that many cannot or will not do. And she can have closure with the baby in that way, knowing that the adoptive families are screened in a way that natural pregnancies can never be, and she can be secure in the fact that she did what was likely the best for herself and for her baby. In conclusion, it would appear that despite all statistics to the contrary, it is most likely easier for any woman in the long run to give an unwanted baby up for adoption rather than abortion."

Tags:unplanned, family, support

Abstract
Written as a memo to the CEO of a 500-bed hospital from the HR Director, this paper explains that the union has instituted a movement to unionize the hospital's nurses. Next, the author investigates the applicable laws especially the Employee Free Choice Act, unionization itself, potential effects on the nurses and other stakeholders, research on gender and unionization and the potential effect on the hospital budget. The paper concludes that, given the desire for fairness and transparency in management, if a majority of the nurses desires unionization, then the management should not feel rejected nor stand in their way.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Memo to the CEO from HR Director: Caution, Well-Informed Judgment must be Shown throughout this Process
Issues at Hand - The Employee Free Choice Act
Issues at Hand - What's Wrong with Unions?
Issues at Hand - Potential Affects of Union Organizing on our Nurses
Issues at Hand - Research on Gender and Union Organizing
Issues at Hand - The Bottom Line for the Hospital

From the Paper
"Fifty-four of the 121 voters went in favor of the union (47%) but 67 voted against having the union (53%). The upshot of Blader's research is that one, factors that impact employees to support or oppose unions "are more complex and varied than has been recognized" in other research. And two, it seems clear that economics are not the "sole concern" that employees have when giving consideration to whether or not to vote for a union. The research shows - and this will impact our hospital to some degree - people care about fairness in the decision-making processes of their workplace, which is shown in two ways, Blader goes on."

Tags:stakeholders, majority votes, recruiters, social identification, procedural justice

Abstract
Overview of the different roles of the N.P. and the M.D. Issue of whether these roles involve supervision, collaboration and/or cooperation. Discusses health care delivery, history and current status of N.P. roles. Changes in health care; managed care. Changes in role of nurses. Physicians opposition to nurse practitioners.

From the Paper
"NPs AND MDs
SUPERVISION, COLLABORATION, OR COOPERATION

Introduction
This research paper will present an overview of the NP and MD with regard to their different roles and whether these roles involve supervision, collaboration, cooperation, or all three. Included in this discussion will be the following topics: health care delivery, history and current status of NP roles; NP and MD roles; NP and MD collaboration; NP independence and MD opposition; implications and future hopes for the NP; and conclusions.

Health Care Delivery, History & Current Status of NP Roles
Aiken, Clarke, Sloane, and Sochalski (2001) state that currently there is a nursing shortage, and hospital nurses are reporting job ..."

Abstract
Through several well thought out premises, this paper argues that a woman has the right to determine whether she can have an abortion. The author cites the intense emotions inspired by the abortion debate in these premises, which makes up one part of the essay. The other side of the essay focuses on Utilitarianism, the philosophical idea that the moral worth of any action depends upon its contributions to the overall good of society. The author concludes with the belief that having an understanding of both sides of an argument demonstrates the need for perspective, especially in law-making, thus avoiding despotism.

Premise 1: The Fetus is a Person
Premise 2: The Woman does not have the Right to Decide the Fate of the Fetus, Irregardless of how she feels about Herself
Premise 3: Abortion is Morally Wrong
Premise 4: Personhood Begins at Conception
Premise 5: Anti-abortion Legislation will Stop Abortion
Premise 6: Most Unwanted Pregnancies become Wanted Children. Women make big Mistakes having Abortions, and they Regret it Later.

From the Paper
"Utilitarianism seems to strongly support the idea of a woman's right to choose. While abortion may seem to have many positives from other libertarian viewpoints, and may increase the individual's happiness, that happiness has to be weighted against the general pleasure/happiness of the community. Premises arguing against abortion have some common utilitarian outcomes, but before we examine them, we must quantify a working definition of utilitarianism that will be specifically applied to premises opposing legalized abortion, and consider whether those premises are truly supported by utilitarianism. The right to abortion preserves the fundamental tenets of society by which we of different culture maintain a common ground in our diverse society."

Tags:pregnancy, freedom of choice, right-to-life, abortion, Utilitarianism

Abstract
This paper examines many of the issues involved in a teen pregnancy, including options regarding the pregnancy itself, family conflict and the teen's emotional state. First, the paper gives a non-judgmental introduction to the issue, pointing out adolescent development and how an unplanned pregnancy can fit into a pattern of impulsivity and peer pressure. Next, the paper discusses which teens are most vulnerable for an unwanted pregnancy. The paper suggests that a child's parents try to gain a greater understanding of the psychological dynamics of the teen's situation in order to avoid this situation. Then various options a teen faces when pregnant are discussed, such as abortion, adoption or raising the child. The paper concludes by stating that the choice must be the teen's, although outside advice may be sought from organizations such as Planned Parenthood.

From the Paper
"While some teens become impregnated accidentally, as a result of peer pressures (either from a boyfriend or from friends who create the impression everyone is 'doing it'), others may look to pregnancy as a way of solving their problems. Pregnancy may seem to be a solution to a lack of friends or purpose in the teen's life. "Adolescents may have sex when the real needs they seek to satisfy may be to increase self-esteem, alleviate a sense of loneliness, meet societal expectations of what it means to be 'masculine' or 'feminine,' express anger, or escape from boredom. During adolescence and throughout life, sex may be used as a way of expressing and satisfying nonsexual needs..."

Tags:birth control, abortion, adolescent pregnancy, peer pressure, maturity

Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of abortion while taking a pro-life stance. It gives a brief overview of the pro-life movement and discusses the focus on the psychological and physical effects that abortion can have on women. In addition, it examines the pro-life alternatives that are available to women who are facing an unwanted pregnancy. This paper attempts to convince the reader to accept the pro-life stance on abortion.

From the Paper
"The issue of abortion has long been one of debate in our nation. On one side of the issue there are advocates of a woman's right to choose which is referred to as the pro-choice movement. On the other side there are individuals and groups that assert that abortions should not be legal this is known as the pro-life movement. For the purposes of this discussion I would like to defend the pro-life stance."

Tags:pro-life, abortion, stance, posture, issue, womens, rights, choice, movement

Abstract
Written for an audience of general pediatricians, this paper first identifies the adverse medical consequences of teenage pregnancy, focusing particularly on neonatal outcomes; it then explores whether these negative outcomes are a result of intrinsic susceptibility in the teenage population or whether they are simply a result of social disadvantage. The paper finally briefly discusses some potential solutions to the problem of teenage pregnancy, both on the public policy level and the personal level for a practicing pediatrician. The paper's creative introduction and closing summarizes these points, using the example of President Barack Obama's mother.

Outline:
Introduction
Neonatal morbidity and mortality from teenage pregnancy
A medical problem with social consequences - or vice versa
Solutions on the societal level
Solutions on a personal level
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Regardless of one's opinions, it is empirically true that teenage pregnancy is an important source of medical morbidity and mortality, and a significant social policy issue - and ameliorating the former will likely require solutions from the latter. This paper will first identify the adverse medical consequences of teenage pregnancy, focusing particularly on neonatal outcomes; it will then explore whether these negative outcomes are a result of intrinsic susceptibility in the teenage population or whether they are a result of social disadvantage. The paper will then briefly discuss some potential solutions to these problems, on both the public policy level and the personal level for the practicing pediatrician."

Tags:abortion, sex, education, birth, control, pediatrics