Abstract
This paper examines the Aborigines of Australia who are said to have arrived on the continent over 50,000 years ago, blending into the already existent population and thus creating perhaps the most physically diverse population in the world. This paper details the differences in conceptions of land ownership between the Australian Aborigines and European colonists. The writer of this paper describes how the Aborigines had developed their own society, culture and rules for land ownership which were inexcusably overlooked by the European invaders. When Europe began to encroach upon the territories of the Aborigines, the latter group simply adapted resourcefully and made new claims. This paper explores the various countries and nations that laid claim to Australia, including the Dutch, British and Spain While the Aborigines claimed Australia through ancestral travels, the Dutch and British justified their possession by initial landing rights and the Spanish laid their claim based on religious doctrine. The British extended their claim to the entire continent by 1826 with the stroke of a legislative pen. This writer of this paper describes how the conflict was furthermore exacerbated by the fact that Aborigines and Europeans had differing conceptions of private property.

From the Paper
"Although the Aborigines lived according to such ancient beliefs for thousands of years, their fate would soon be doomed according to a very different system of territorial claims formulated 10000 miles away, in Europe. While the Aborigines justifiably had divided Australian lands into their own territories, the newly 'discovered' continent would soon come into a three-way struggle for possession as Britain, Holland, and Spain each claimed Australia separately, none of these claims based on right of ancestors, but on religious, economic, and political rationales. The Spanish and Portuguese, in search of southern trade routes and the legendary Terra Australis, had touched on the continent of Australia."

Tags:land, europe, britain, dutch, spain, religion, culture, conflict

Abstract
This paper takes a look at three major police commissions of inquiry into the New South Wales police service during the 20th century: the commission into aboriginal deaths in custody, the Commission into the Inquiry of the NSW police administration, also known as the Fitzgerald report, and the Wood Royal commission. The recommendations of these reports are discussed, including whether or not these recommendations were implemented.

From the Paper
"Three major commissions of the twentieth century have been the commission into aboriginal deaths in custody, the Commission into the Inquiry of the NSW police administration, also known as the Fitzgerald report, and the Wood Royal commission. These commissions have made many different recommendations pertaining to particular matters. These recommendations are implemented in order to reform existing practices and to transform them into practices that are to be acceptable to both government, community and all other parties involved. Various recommendations that have been made regarding these issues have had a central focus and common ground. Although these recommendations are issued, there is no guarantee that government will implement these recommendations and other recommendations that have been implemented are often not sustained in both legislature and other bodies. Some recommendations require legislative change and some can be applied very quickly while others require more time in order to change laws and acts. It is the government's onus to implement these recommendations. Numerous recommendations arising from these commissions are undesirable to the government, so the adoption of these recommendations is often slow or they are not adopted at all."

Tags:comparison, implementation, recommendations

Abstract
The Aboriginals of Canada have suffered a series of interventions since the arrival of white colonists, which have culminated in many negative effects, not least of which is a massive deficit in parenting skills in the community as a whole. As a result, a large number of Aboriginal children end up in the social welfare system, where they may be considered for foster care or adoption. Unfortunately, there are not enough Aboriginal foster and adoptive homes to take in all of these children. However, there are many white families who are interested in adopt

From the Paper
"The Aboriginals of Canada have suffered a series of interventions since the arrival of white colonists, which have culminated in many negative effects, not least of which is a massive deficit in parenting skills in the community as a whole. As a result, a large number of Aboriginal children end up in the social welfare system, where they may be considered for foster care or adoption. Unfortunately, there are not enough Aboriginal foster and adoptive homes to take in all of these children. However, there are many white families who are interested in adopting any..."

Tags:aboriginal, social, work

Abstract
It is claimed that Aborigines are the most disadvantaged social group in Australia. This paper examines how the interrelationship of a number of key socio-economic indicators is a contributory factor, as is racism. It also looks at the effect of some of these indicators such as education, employment, basic living accommodation and health.

From the Paper
"Despite recent improvements, levels of participation in education and training among Indigenous Australians and their levels of attainment remain well below those of non-Indigenous Australians and absenteeism is massive. In 2001, only half of Indigenous youth aged 15-19 attended an educational institution and young Indigenous adults and children were less than half as likely to use a computer at home compared with non-Indigenous youth (22.5% compared with 52.8%). The figures are similar for Indigenous persons holding a vocational or higher education qualification (22% compared with 48%). The gap between the Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations increased with increasing geographic remoteness (ABS, 2004). "

Tags:racism, indigenous, torres, strait, islander

Abstract
This paper discusses the phenomenon that Aborigines have much lower health care standards than other Australians and examines the multiple social causes for this situation. These includes squalid living conditions, lack of education and awareness, fear of the authorities and general belief in their own systems of health care.

From the Paper
"Aborigines make up less than one percent of the total population in Australia. On every index, Aborigines fare worse than other Australians. Most Aboriginal families face health problems due to a lack of health care. They are at disadvantage in health standards, life expectancy, and infant mortality. Health risks and lack of proper health care place Aboriginal children at extreme risk for many diseases."

Tags:disease, risk, death, australia

Abstract
This paper discusses the history of human rights' violations against Aborigines in Australia. It describes the history of the European invasion of Australia and the attempts by government to address discrimination against Aborgines. The paper concludes that the Australian government's refusal to address human rights on even a basic level has kept the country at a basic level of discrimination that has not been acceptable in the Western world for decades.

From the Paper
"It is therefore no wonder that the perception of today's Australia, from the viewpoint of Indigenous people, is that little has changed since they received the right to vote. Discrimination is still perpetrated in terms of both actions and words, with semantics being a significant element in its battle against providing indigenous people with their rightful place in Australian society. Indeed, this is substantiated by a number of authors, including John Cokley (2002), who focuses on the experiences of Karen Walters, the Queensland Anti-Discrimination Commissioner. According to Walters, not only the government, but the Australian society is also discriminatory against indigenous people in the country."

Tags:equality, race, indigenous, colonization

Abstract
In this paper the author questions the right of the "white" Europeans to take over and destroy the good soil of Australia.He questions the actions of the white Australians and highlights the history and rights of the Aborigines to his land, quoting many sources. The paper concludes that the Aborigines know the land better and he justifies their right to look after the land and not let it be destroyed.

From the Paper
" The problem with those of us who consider ourselves "civilized" and "up to date" is that we specialize, first in genocide, then in the rape of nature, and then create new specialties to repair the damage. Before the Europeans came, the Aborigines had no worries about the Ozone layer, or mastering a driver's test. Cricket, to them, was the sound of Nature at work, not some distant test match."

Tags:outposts, outback, land, civilization, virging, soil, rape

From the Paper
"AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINES: TRANSITION TO MODERN SOCIETY WITH AN EMPHASIS ON THE WALBIRI CLAN

Introduction
This research examines the transition of the Australian Aborigines to modern society. Where appropriate, an emphasis in this examination is placed on the experience of the Walbiri Clan. Walbiri is but one of the Anglicized spelling of the clan name.. Other spellings of the clan name widely used in the literature are Walpiri and Warlpiri.
The findings of this examination are presented in two major discussions. Issues related to land rights are addressed in the first discussion, while cultural factors are considered in the second discussion.

Issues Related to Land Rights ..."

Abstract
Reviews this fieldwork account of a group from Western Australia. Examines history, migration, European influence, rituals and myth.

From the Paper
"The Mardu Aborigines

Bob Tonkinson is an Australian with considerable experience in working with aboriginal peoples from the Western region of Australia. This book is an updated account of the Mardu people, an indigenous Australian people who Tonkinson did fieldwork with both during the early contact phase, and later, when contact with Australian culture had begun to fracture their own culture.
That culture had its roots in the Dreamtime, that specifically Australian cosmological system that incorporates myth, ritual, and prescriptions for daily living in its framework. Living the Dream, which is one of the chapters in Tonkinson's book, is essentially what the Mardus' life is all about. The focus of that life, the centering and grounding principle, is the relationship of the human being to the ..."

From the Paper
"The aborigines of Australia will be compared with the Pueblo Indians of the southwestern United States in terms of their relationship to their respective physical environments. It must be remembered that such a comparison will be necessarily general, for neither group is a homogeneous one with pristine, uniform cultural processes. The "Pueblo Indians" is actually a misleading term which refers to peoples speaking four distinct languages and engaging in a continuum of cultural practices. The "aboriginal cultures" of Australia, as well, refer to many groups of people dispersed across a large continent, who may have had little or no regular contact.

The difficulty is compounded by the fact of European contact and settlement in the midst of these cultures. Although present day practices can be used to infer traditional, pristine ones, such.."