Abstract
This paper compares the way in which these poets and writers examine the dysfunctional behavior of society. Swift attacks abortions and death of young babies to unwed Irish mothers, Chekhov is embittered about his childhood, Kafka presents a bleak picture of human nature and Wordsworth thinks that the problems of the world are too much to bare. It concludes that normality and abnormality is defined by the needs of the humans within a society and thus dependent more on the perspective than the actual morality and sociology of the act.

From the Paper
"In 1729, Jonathan Swift, wrote the Modest Proposal, the greatest short satirical piece in the English language. Completely appalled at the abortions and murders of the Catholic Irish children born of unwed peasant mothers he writes this proposal that attacks the English politicians. In trying to make known such inhumane acts from desperate mothers he makes his protagonist an American, who the British consider, 'uncivilized." Through his protagonist he pens the words that shatter the emotional balance of the people who like living in conditional ignorance. He writes, "I have been assured by a very knowing American of my acquaintance in London," he writes in a satire that became a classic of English literature, "that a young healthy child well nursed is at a year old a most delicious, nourishing, and wholesome food whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled; and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricassee or a ragout." "

Tags:poem, poetry, literature, human, behavior, poem, Swift, Kafka, Checkov, Wordsworth

Abstract
This paper discusses psychological differential diagnosis of a patient case study with full assessment of possible psychological abnormalities, including mood disorders, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, and substance-induced disorders. Two sessions with the individual are reviewed with assessments after each session. Theoretical models of abnormality are discussed in terms of the individual's case, with two models chosen to explain the psychological occurrences at work. Treatment options are discussed in terms of the individual's specific needs.

From the Paper
"This paper shall discuss psychological differential diagnosis of a patient case study with full assessment of possible Psychological Abnormalities, including Mood Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, Eating Disorders, and Substance-Induced Disorders. Two sessions with the individual will be reviewed with assessment after each session. Theoretical Models of Abnormality will be discussed in terms of the individual's case, with two models chosen to explain the psychological occurrences at work. Treatment options will be discussed in terms of the individual's specific needs."

Tags:abnormal, psychology, diagnosis

Abstract
The author explains that the research question asked if the pituitary glands of bipolar or unipolar patients differ in size from one another or from a control group of healthy participants. MRI images were utilized. The results indicated that patients diagnosed bipolar had significantly smaller pituitary glands than that of the unipolar group and the control group.

From the Paper
"The study was conducted this past year at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, with the patients being between 18 and 65 years old; each participant had been off of medication for at least two weeks. All perspectives that could be recorded through the MRI were observed and measured."

Tags:mri, control, group, validity, reliability, bias, limitations, treatment, exploratory, research, study

From the Paper
"Multiple Developmental Abnormalities
Spina bifida (occulta) and situs inversus are two distinct anomalies of anatomic structure which result from abnormal embryological development. Type one, or insulin.dependent, diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a disease which may occur at any age, but typically makes its initial presentation in adolescents and young adults. Chromatopsia is a visual disturbance sometimes associated with retinal pathology.

The term "dysraphism" refers to any lack of closure of two structures which are normally fused (18:349). Spina bifida involves dysraphism of the bones that enclose the vertebral canal. Typically this occurs posteriorly and usually involves the neural arches of the vertebrae (pedicles, laminae, articular processes and spinous processes) (18:349). "

Abstract
The paper looks at how Sue, Sue, and Sue (2002) discuss abnormal behavior and some of the different ways in which it is manifested. The paper explains that abnormal behavior is that behavior considered strange or unusual, however, much behavior that is considered abnormal is so considered for cultural reasons, since much behavior is culturally formed and judged by whether the members of a community meet the norms set by that community.

From the Paper
"Sue, Sue, and Sue (2002) discuss abnormal behavior and some of the different ways in which it is manifested. Abnormal behavior is that behavior considered strange or unusual. Much behavior that is considered abnormal is so considered for cultural reasons, since much behavior is culturally formed and judged by whether the members of a community meet the norms set by that community. Deviance is an expression of a degree of stigmatization of a sub-population by the majority population. The sub-population is separated on the basis of some difference, a difference that is emphasized by the majority population in identifying the deviant population."

Tags:abnormal, deviance, dysfunction

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to examine the history and origins of abnormal behavior and psychopathology. Contemporary models of abnormal psychology are also examined.

From the Paper
"Kring, Davison, Neal and Johnson define abnormal behavior as any behavior which is not typical, and which in addition is disturbing, socially unacceptable, distressing, maladaptive and self-defeating. The authors further note that over time, 'abnormal behavior' has increasingly come to be seen as primarily due to psychopathology, which is to say that it is most often due to impairment of cognitive, emotional or social functioning. The purpose of this paper is to examine the history and origins of abnormal behavior and..."

Tags:abnormal behavior, psychopathology

Abstract
This paper discusses abnormal psychology with reference to the character of Jerry Fletcher in the movie "Conspiracy Theory". The character of Jerry was in constant fear of "them" without knowing who those people are. This paranoid perspective makes him behave strangely.

Tags:abnormal, psychology

Abstract
This paper provides an historical account of how mental illness has only been recognized as a scientific discipline for the last 100 years. The paper also helps to identify some of the origins of the field of abnormal psychology, how particular illnesses and behaviors are defined as abnormal, and analyzes some of the many models that directly relate to the field of abnormal psychology.

Outline:
Origins of Abnormal Psychology
Defining and Classifying Abnormal and Normal Behavior
Models Related to Abnormal Psychology
Psychosocial Model
Biological/Medical Model
Sociocultural Model
Conclusion

From the Paper
''Before the invention of modern day medicine and treatment, the majority of illnesses were blamed on outside sources such as demonic possession, angering the gods, or magic.Various treatments were used in attempt to get the evil entity out of a person, sometimes even killing that person in the process. Exorcisms were commonly performed to draw spirits out of a person, but there were also many lobotomies performed on these seemingly possessed persons. Early on in history, Hippocrates was already on the way to thinking that abnormal illnesses had a great deal to do with the pathology of the brain, and had already pointed out that injuries to the head could cause brain disorders. Hippocrates was also one of the earliest people to put a great deal of weight on the theory that a person's heredity and disposition could have an impact on him or her (Binkert, n.d)."

Tags:treatment, mentally-ill, medicine

Abstract
This paper discusses the field of abnormal psychology. The paper contends that there are many divergent and opposing views of what can be defined as abnormal. The paper claims that the definition of abnormal psychology is part of the fascination of the subject and that there is considerable debate with regard to the exact parameters of this field of psychology. There are a wide and often overlapping number of pathologies that are considered under the rubric of abnormal psychology and psychiatry. These include schizophrenia, as well as various anxiety, personality, and dissociative disorders. The range of abnormal psychological disorders has, in recent years, been extended to include abuse and dependence disorders, as well as eating disorders and sexual and gender identity complexes. The paper discusses all of these disorders that are considered as being within the field of abnormal psychology.

From the Paper
"A general definition of Abnormal psychology is as follows: "Abnormal psychology can broadly be defined as the application of the principles of psychology to the study of mental disorders, including research into the causes and treatment of psychopathologies." (Introduction to Abnormal Psychology) The central and most controversial aspect of abnormal psychology is the issue surrounding the meaning of the term 'abnormal'. In other words, what precisely constitutes an abnormal psychological state? There is no single and conclusive view of what is 'abnormal' and each theoretical approach is determined by underlying assumptions about the meaning of this term."

Tags:mental, disorders, psychopathologies

Abstract
The author states that behavioral and scientific abnormal psychology models do not apply in our modern, multicultural society. The paper reviews, in detail, throughout history, the definitions and theoretical interpretations of abnormal behavior. The author believes that sociocultural psychology, which takes into account an individual's society, family, and culture, offers a more comprehensive view of abnormal psychology. She states that the relative lack of ethnographic data on specifically defined cultural groups is a problem especially when working within immigrant communities.

From the Paper
"The ancient Greeks were revolutionary in this regard. In the fourth century B.C.E., Hippocrates believed that some kind of physical malady was responsible for mental disorders. In fact, the "father of modern medicine" may be the first person to attribute mental illness to biological causes. Even with his primitive understanding of the human body and attribution of mental illness to the "humors," Hippocrates recognized the importance of diet, stress, and heredity on mental illness. Hippocrates even described disorders we catalog in the DSM today: depression, paranoia, Alzheimer's, and alcoholism. Steering away from superstitious, supernatural explanations of abnormal behavior was an immense step forward in the treatment of those who suffered with mental illness."

Tags:psychopathology, behavior, psychiatric, multicultural, hippocrates, greek, freud, coping, cross-cultural, limitations, diagnosing, treatment