Abstract
The paper analyzes the article "Small-Molecule MDM2 Antagonists Reveal Aberrant p53 Signaling in Cancer: Implications for Therapy" and explains the conclusions reached by the authors. The paper is of the opinion that the conclusions may have been slightly optimistic. The paper outlines the method used by the study discussed in the article and notes several limitations of the study.

Outline:
Summary
Method

From the Paper
"The main focus of the article is around the protein murine double minute 2 (MDM2). MDM2 is a negative regulator of the p53 tumour suppressor protein. This is done through three mechanisms. Firstly, MDM2 binds at the p53 transactivation site and blocks its activation of transcription initiation [1]. Secondly, it participates in the nuclear export of p53 [1]. Thirdly, it serves as a ubiquitin ligase, promoting the degradation of p53. When p53 is activated, it can bring a halt upon the cell cycle and cause apoptosis [1]. This is very important as p53 acts as a transcription factor, the inactivation of which halts cellular apoptosis. In approximately half of all tumours that are malignant, p53 is perminantly disabled or deleted. However, in the other 50% of mutated cells, p53 simply remains inactive the misexpression of MDM2, which interferes with the proper functions of p53 [1]. So the object of the article is that disruption or inhibition of the MDM2-p53 interaction may correct p53 functioning and serve as a form of cancer therapy, such as suppression of tumour growth. Subsequently the problem that the authors tackle with is how to inhibit the actions of MDM2."

Tags:nutlin, cells, mice, tumors

Abstract
This paper proposes that violence is a human instinct and natural expression of anger. The writer explains that, without society to judge violent actions as right or wrong, they should not be termed abnormal. The paper suggests that violence in its most pure form without provocation can be reasonably said to be normal human behavior.

From the Paper
"Violence is as natural to human instinct as its basic form - anger. Emotion is natural but civilization teaches us how to control our emotions so as to not impact harmfully those emotions onto others. Without civilization and the teaching of perceived right and wrong we wouldn't be in a position to understand violence as being wrong. So in that regard violence is only aberrant if the expectation of society judge's violence to be wrong. Without society there is nothing abnormal about violence as it is a natural expression of anger. Furthermore in a world without a defined right and wrong, a violent act would not be perceived as wrong until the resultant emotion of guilt finds the individual after the violent act."

Tags:anger society deterrent, right and wrong, moral murder

Abstract
The paper discusses Freud's theories that bring sexuality into the field of psychology and into a more conscious realm. The paper explains Freud's theory on infantile sexuality, his phases of psychosexual development, his understanding of sublimation and the causes of sexual aberration. The paper notes the controversy surrounding Freud's work, but believes that Freud has moved humanity in the right direction by getting men and women to talk and think about sexuality, rather than accepting the social gender structure as truth.

From the Paper
S"Sigmund Freud is a monumental figure in the history of psychology for many reasons including his invention of psychoanalysis, his recognition of the unconscious, and his chutzpah for bringing sexuality into the field of psychology and into a more conscious realm. For these reasons and more, Freud has been enormously praised, and at the same time, severely castigated. On the topic of sexuality, especially, Freud's theories may be highly liberating socially and individually and yet offensive and even ridiculous. For instance, though many feminists and others have expressed their arguments against the masculine framework in which Freud's theories lie; indeed, it is he who has initiated a move towards to the egalitarian society humanity might yearn for."

Tags:psychosexual, development, libido, perversions, gender

Abstract
This paper examines two studies of spatial analysis of aggravated assaults in public housing, the first study being of the progression over a nine year period and the other comparing two dissimilar housing layouts. The paper relates that the statistical analysis of crimes and victims is a difficult proposition, quantifying the how, where and why of an aberrant act and then attempting to establish a causal relationship from the surrounding environment. This paper is an examination of two such studies, one where the crime rate was measured over a nine year period in terms of location and the surrounding locale with respect to housing density, the other was a direct comparison of two different public housing configurations in different cities in the same year. The paper shows how the use of a Geographical Information System to associate a precise location of each crime, better statistical data can be developed. The paper reaches the conclusion that the less dense and dilapidated the housing and surrounding neighborhood is, the less likely an aggravated assault might occur.

Tags:public housing, gis, study

Abstract
The paper shows that among the various arguments that are in support of Capital Punishment, the statement that it offers a permanent method of removing a violent criminal from society is one that can be clearly demonstrated. The paper discusses how in some situations, the criminal mind has been seen to be so devious that the criminal manages to either escape or to elude capture long enough to become a serial murderer, thus becoming a threat to society in general. The Bill of Rights, or Amendments to the United States Constitution establishes the penalty guidelines for serious crime, and permits the ultimate penalty under the Due Process clause. The paper shows that when the criminal mind of a murderer becomes so aberrant that death becomes a way of life, society must use its ultimate, legal method of protecting itself from the person who has proven himself to be a walking threat. The paper focuses on the case of serial killer, Theodore Bundy.

From the Paper
"Perhaps one of the most extreme and notorious examples of a criminal mind that committed horrendous crimes against the citizens of the United States was the elusive serial murderer, Theodore Bundy. Described by those who knew him as bright if not brilliant, self-confident and charming, Bundy was an example of how a clever but deranged individual can move easily within a society, carefully selecting their unsuspecting victims at will. Due to the degree of antisocial depravity that was the driving force behind Bundy, the savagery of his crimes against young women was particularly violent."

Tags:fugitives, FBI, Due, Process

Abstract
This paper explores and compares the multiferous interpretations of two movies "Blade Runner" (1982) and "Brave New World" (1994). The paper shows how the contexts of the two movies are markedly different -"Blade Runner" exists in a context in which there is a growing support for libertarianism, influencing the increase in environmentalism, both of which detect the intended environmental and anti-authoritarian didactic of the texts, while "Brave New World" creates an aberration of the original intent, complicated by the mutating religious values of society.

From the Paper
"The final scene of Brave New World disseminates Huxley's opinion that the suppression of human nature will ultimately lead to one's demise, a message which is especially prominent to the libertarians. Libertarian is a term to describe those who revile the concept of suppression and as such a message of freedom would be interpreted. The suppression of one's human nature creates a spiral of depression which will result in the obliteration of oneself. The savage attempted to suppress his feelings for Lenina, yet ultimately failed in his attempt. The savage had been taught, conditioned by his society that lust as with "every evil inclination has to place itself under such great restraint, don so many masks, lay itself so often on the procrustean bed of virtue" (Nietzsche), his feelings for Lenina were perceived to be evil, being contrary to the teachings of, in this case, the bible. The contradiction of his feelings and his teachings led to confusion as to the correct course of action, confusion which led to the complete suppression of emotions. The suppression of his emotions resulted in a decent into a self- destructive spiral, beginning with the use of self- punishment as a source of redemption, an act which brought him great pleasure, developing masochist instincts. The savage ultimately commits suicide, hanging himself in the tower, unable to repress his desires. The tower is a symbol of the self-destructive spiral, the concentric circles of the tower leading to the death of The savage. The suppression of human desires ultimately leads to one's demise as one enters a self-destructive spiral, until one destructs. Within Blade Runner there is an overt condemnation of oppression and suppression within the conclusion."

Tags:context, dystopian

Abstract
This research will examine the Salem witchcraft trials of 1692 in Massachusetts Bay Colony and set forth evidence from contemporaneous sources that they were politically motivated.
It is a commonplace of prerevolution American history that the Salem witch trials and executions of 1692 were an aberration of the general tendency toward shaping society in line with ideas of personal and political liberty. But that line of thought ignores the complexities of creating a new civil society in the wilderness.

From the Paper
"This research will examine the Salem witchcraft trials of 1692 in Massachusetts Bay Colony and set forth evidence from contemporaneous sources that they were politically motivated.
It is a commonplace of prerevolution American history that the Salem witch trials and executions of 1692 were an aberration of the general tendency toward shaping society in line with ideas of personal and political liberty. But that line of thought ignores the complexities of creating a new civil society in the wilderness. Further, it ignores the fact that those who built that society, namely Massachusetts Bay, were amalgams of their personal and group history in England. As matters turned out, by 1792 Massachusetts had achieved a political reputation associated with political radicalism and a progressive, liberal republican government. However, the evidence of the Salem trials and..."

Abstract
This paper supports Browning's thesis that the despicable behavior of Hitler and his allies towards another race, as seen in World War II, is no aberration but is rather entirely possible and even probable in other places and times. The writer makes reference to Osama Bin Laden and the Taliban comparing the organization to a totalitarian regime.

From the paper:

"Drawing extensively on primary source material, including transcripts of investigations and war crime trials, Browning asks how "ordinary men" could have carried out the horrific acts that are described in his book in such detail. His answer is disturbing, because he avoids facile generalizations that would provide a comfortable psychological distance between "us" and "them.""

Tags:scapegoat, Police, Battalion, 101, Nazi, invasion, Poland, murderers, Jews, anti-Semitism, racism

Abstract
This paper discusses the problems with the electoral college system of voting and proposes a change in the system which would prevent such aberrations as the 2000 presidential election in America from reoccurring The paper looks at the original intent of the framers of the Constitution and how the system has changed over time, as well as the way it works today.

From the Paper
"One man, one vote" may be a familiar democratic motto, but it hardly applies to American Presidential elections. The Electoral College system makes it possible for a candidate receiving fewer popular votes to triumph and actually win the presidency. It was originally designed to provide protection to less populous states in the union whose tallies in the popular vote would always be proportionally small. To many modern Americans, though, this system, however well intended, seems to have produced some bizarre distortions. The claustrophobically close 2000 Presidential election between Al Gore and George W. Bush has revived the intermittent, long-running dispute over the validity of the Electoral College, refueling the debate about whether or not to maintain it. Valid or not, a change in the way the electoral count is conducted would resolve problems such as the ones which arose in the 2000 presidential election. My own position, which is neither for nor against the Electoral College as such, proposes a change in the system, which can resolve anomalies such as the 2000 presidential election."

Tags:vote, polls, constitution, candidate, congress, government, president

Abstract
This paper supports Browning's thesis that the despicable behavior of Hitler and his allies towards another race, as seen in World War II, is no aberration, but is rather entirely possible and even probable in other places and times. The writer makes reference to Osama Bin Laden and the Taliban comparing the organization to a totalitarian regime.

From the Paper
"Drawing extensively on primary source material, including transcripts of investigations and war crime trials, Browning asks how "ordinary men" could have carried out the horrific acts that are described in his book in such detail. His answer is disturbing, because he avoids facile generalizations that would provide a comfortable psychological distance between "us" and "them."

Tags:scapegoat, Police, Battalion, 101, Nazi, invasion, Poland, murderers, Jews, anti-Semitism, racism