Abstract
This paper explains that, within the healthcare industry, patient safety should be the number one goal. Lack of knowing what abbreviations stand for, the author stresses, can lead to many misinterpretations and medical errors. The paper defines and explains these terms: AMR, CMR, CMS, CMS-1500, CPT, DRG, EPR, HL7, ICD-9 and UB-92.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
AMR
CMR
CMS
CMS-1500
CPT
DRG
EPR
HL7
ICD-9
UB-92
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The concept of CMR, which is the abbreviation for Computerized Medical Records, was first brought into the healthcare industry in the 1960s by a physician named Lawrence L. Weed. Dr. Weed created this system to automate and reorganize patient medical records to enhance their utilization and lead to improvement of the care patients receive. His work formed the basis of the PROMIS project at the University of Vermont which was a collaborate effort between physicians and information technology experts started in 1967 to develop an automated electronic medical records system."

Tags:safety, medical records, provider, uniform language, classification

Abstract
This paper reports that, to get a representative sample of new words, all 101 entries in the T, U, and V sections of the Oxford Dictionary of New Words, published in 1997, were used as a sample. The author states that the sample reveals a very low degree of borrowing from other languages; instead, internal word formation processes, such as compounding, semantic change, derivation, and abbreviation are used to form the new words. The paper concludes that, as long as English is a dominant global language, it is unlikely that this trend towards internal coinage in favor of borrowing will change.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Method
Results
Discussion
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Instead, compounding was used to form the majority (40%) of the new words in the sample. These were often adjective-noun or noun-noun compounds such as "tight building syndrome" and "theme park". This process produces words that are usually self-evident in a simple, logical manner, and it is hardly surprising that it is as frequently used in the formation of new words today as it has been throughout the history of the language.Derivation processes were used to form about 12% of the sample. As well as existing affixes being attached to existing words ("tankie"), a number of new prefixes and suffixes such as ?-ware? and ?techno-? were attached to pre-existing words to create new lexical items ("technobabble")."

Tags:abbreviation, borrowing, derivation, loan, neologisms

Abstract
The paper reveals that over 7,000 deaths occur a year due to medication errors! The paper discusses unclear medical abbreviations as well as other prescription errors, such as no directions or no strength advised. The paper also discusses the accuracy of e-prescribing but points out that it still represents only a very small amount of prescriptions written each year. The paper then relates that problems arise with abbreviations and acronyms of medical conditions such as the abbreviation CP that can stand for many diseases. The paper asserts that it is disconcerting that the American Medical Association (AMA) is moving so slowly on this issue, considering the amount of deaths that occur.

From the Paper
"The whole point of going to a healthcare provider is to get better, not become more ill or even die because someone misread a medication prescription. Unfortunately, that is too often the case. According to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, over 7,000 deaths occur a year due to medication errors. These errors can happen anywhere in the medication-use system, from prescribing to administering a drug in a variety of settings, such as hospitals, outpatient clinics, nursing homes and homecare services. As a result, in 2006 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration launched a nationwide health professional education campaign in order to reduce the number of common but preventable sources of medication mistakes caused by using unclear medical abbreviations."

Tags:medications, abbreviations, acronyms, misspellings, mistakes

Abstract
The paper describes that anime is, in essence, the Japanese form of animation. The writer explains that in general, anime is characterized by extremely stylized and colorful graphics and the use of vivacious and vibrant colors. The graphics used depict energetic and effervescent characters that are set in a large number of scenes and settings. Numerous story lines are used that are aimed at a variety of different types of audiences. The paper discusses that in English, the word 'anime' actually transliterates a Japanese term, and its history of origin can be traced back to the abbreviation of the transliteration of the English word 'animation', into Japanese.

From the Paper
"Why has anime been so very successful? How has it become globalized today? A major part of the reason for the popularity of anime is that it has managed to spread all throughout the world, and everyone knows what it is. As in the general case where something that spreads all over the world quite naturally becomes a global phenomenon, global recognition and fame means that anime has now become a global occurrence and it is well loved by people other than from whose nation it originally was created. One must study the extent of the globalization of anime based on the amount of permeation or penetration into other societies that it has managed to achieve in recent times. This also means that one must look carefully at and analyze the numerous factors involved in why exactly anime became a global phenomenon, and this would in turn mean that one would be able to comprehend how it became so very popular among a large variety of people, all over the world."

Tags:animation, Japan, subtitles, mask

Abstract
The paper defines the promising new technology known as WiMAX, the abbreviation for the term "Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access" and explains how WiMAX can provide a viable broadband wireless access alternative to cable and DSL services. The paper discusses how the higher level quality of WiMAX, its cheapness and its enhanced privacy components has caused many existing and new companies to purchase the available spectrum to provide WiMAX in the future.

From the Paper
"WiMAX, the abbreviation for the term "Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access" is often defined as the most promising new technology that can provide a viable broadband wireless access alternative to cable modem service, telephone company Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) service and T1/E1 service. It offers a potentially broader and higher-quality range of combined applications than either cable or DSL including: broadband internet access, T1/E1 substitutes for businesses, voice-over Internet protocol (VoIP), Internet Protocol Television (IPTV), backhaul for Wi-Fi hotspots and cell phone towers, mobile telephone service, mobile data TV, mobile emergency response services, and wireless backhaul as substitute for fiber optic cable (Ohrtman, "What is WiMAX," 2008, Sec.1-4). Because of its voice-over and television components, it could provide an alternative to both telephone and cable television carriers, not simply domestically but worldwide."

Tags:broadband, wireless, Internet, access, cables

Abstract
SMEs is the abbreviation of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises. The exact definition of an SME differs from region to region. This paper provides a general overview and definition of SMEs and examines various aspects on the issue.

Paper Outline:
Definition
Three Enterprises
Importance of SMEs
Problems in SMEs
References

From the Paper
"SMEs are major employment generators, surpassing larger firms in net job creation. In the European Union alone, smaller firms provide employment for more than 70 million people, representing two-thirds of all EU employment. There are also an estimated 75 million SME worldwide which represent about 99 percent of all companies."

Tags:management, employment, european, union, industry

Abstract
"Temps" as used in this paper is as an abbreviation for "temporary" workers, a phenomenon of the world business scene, which is growing at a consistent rate. This paper looks at the change in the use of office temps where originally the concept of hiring a temporary was to provide a "fill in" for a permanent employee who was absent for reasons such as illness, emergency leaves and vacations. To support the argument, the writer provides statistics and opinions that show the increasing use of temps as a more permanent part of the business world.

From the Paper
"Although the per hour charge from the temp agency might be greater than the regular per hour wage paid a regular full-time employee, the ancillary savings in company benefits usually makes up for that difference. Mangum, Mayall, and Nelson's 1985 study (still quoted today) was one of the first to note that "the savings from reduced employee benefit costs is often substantial. A positive relationship between average fringe benefit level and the ratio of temporary to total employee use was found in a large number of organizations."

Tags:employment, salary, costs, hiring, position, work

Abstract
This paper briefly examines the concept of RPI which is considered to be a ballot measure that would curtail the classification of people according to race, ethnicity, color or national origin by state and local government in California. The paper looks at the advantages and disadvantages of this measure and its ramifications.

From the Paper
"Just like other constant processes accompanying change, global politics has been in a constant changing state since times immemorial. Not only that, politics that we observe worldwide based on different rules and regulations as well as outlining distinct policies unique to every age, Stone Age, Middle Age as well as Modern Age is highly rich in history. On the same account African American politics has also witnessed various changes. African American politics, however, is largely based on issues pertaining to the racial differences and color prejudices that the blacks in America have had to face since for good. This mercurial political sphere while undergoing change gives birth to various phenomenon and activities. The recent one being the issue related to the Racial Privacy Initiative."

Tags:california, race, color, politics

Abstract
In this article, the writer introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of health care documentation. Specifically the writer discusses medical documentation errors and the use of abbreviations in medical documentation, which can be misconstrued when reading handwritten medical documentation. The writer points out that documentation errors can be costly and even deadly. The writer notes that many people believe eliminating abbreviations in the documentation can help avoid medical errors and create documentation that is safe and effective.

From the Paper
"Eliminating abbreviations can reduce errors because abbreviations can often resemble another word or abbreviation, thereby causing confusion in the medical orders. For example, "QD" is often used to mean "daily," but it can be written qd, q.d., and several other ways. If the handwriting is not perfect, it could be taken as "QOD," which means "every other day," and that could have serious consequences for the patient if the medication instructions were misconstrued due to an error in reading the abbreviation. This is dangerous to the patient, to the healthcare staff, and to the healthcare facility, and so, abbreviations can lead to medication errors, and that can lead to patient injury and death, and lawsuits for the organization. The Joint Commission notes, "Abbreviations have been identified as the root cause in medication sentinel events" ("Improve the Effectiveness"). Thus, abbreviation management is essential for any healthcare organization, large or small.
"The issue is so important that organizations like The Joint Commission, a non-profit healthcare accreditation organization offers guidelines and a "do not use" list of abbreviations that they urge healthcare facilities to adopt."

Tags:patients, handwritten, notes, abbreviation, misunderstandings

Abstract
This paper explores the manner in which counseling can aid in the development of communications skills of married couples. First, it evaluates the use of couple counseling and the many methods that can be used. Then, it explores preventative counseling and the ways in which it increases a couples' ability to communicate. Lastly, the paper explore the impact of divorce on children including issues of abandonment and their perceptions of divorce.

Table of Contents:
List of Tables
List of Figures
Introduction
The Need and Purpose of the Project
Statement of the Problem
The Sub-problems
The Hypotheses
Definitions and Abbreviations of Terms
Review of Related Literature
Introduction
Research Methodology
Presentation and Analysis of the Data
Couples Therapy
Prevention Therapy
Impact of Divorce on Children
Conclusions, Summary and Recommendations

From the Paper
"This research paper has also made clear the impact of divorce on children. It seems evident that in many cases divorce dramatically changes the way a child perceives the world and themselves. It is vital that married couples understand the impact that a divorce will have on a child and that they do everything their power to ensure that the marriage can not be salvaged. Sometimes there are times when marriage gets rough and couples must decide to stick it out when the going gets rough. This can also be a valuable lesson for children because it teaches them not to quit just because something is difficult to endure."

Tags:Couples, therapy, marital, therapy, divorce, counseling, literature, review, methodological, study