Abstract
This paper traces the development of the J.C. Penney Company, an American department store chain founded in 1902, from its origin in Kemmerer, Wyoming, to its expansion into one of the most powerful discount merchandise and general retail companies in the U.S.A. J.C. Penney has stores in nearly every major metropolis nationwide, the largest catalog business, an Internet store and home furnishing television shows; however, the author states, Penney is not immune from the effects of the economic down turn. The paper describes the ways that this company is managing by rethinking its current structure and market campaigns, by opening and closing stores and by laying off employees.

Table of Contents:
Recent History of J.C. Penney
Success at the Turn of the Century
Economic Woes for the Corporation
J.C. Penney in the Market

From the Paper
'Although the company exhibits much higher grosses after buying out a number of smaller corporations, the profit J.C. Penney experiences after selling those corporation's products under its own name are not as great, as much of the earnings are due to the manufacturers and original corporations. In addition, the recent economic woes have also taken a serious toll on the J.C. Penney organization, as consumers are not as plentiful as they were just a few years ago. J.C. Penney continues, however, to offer new products, and merge with older companies."

Tags:competition, discount merchandising, shopping malls, store closings, brand

Abstract
The paper stresses that, unless the reader considers the love for another life that the narrator has avoided, there is no love theme in T.S. Elliot's poem "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock". Next, the author illustrates that the narration of the poem demonstrates the depth of the narrator's neuroses and why his loving anyone would be impossible. The paper concludes that, by taking the reader down this path of avoidance, the narrator reveals a love for the life he has left behind and a regret for the life he now lives that is shrouded in indecision.

From the Paper
"In the next segment of the poem, we see more self-evaluation as the narrator moves to the women in the room and wonders what it is that keeps him from moving toward them. He thinks that it might be their cologne or perhaps their arms. Regardless of the reason, the narrator does digress because he does not know how to approach them and it appears to him that inaction is better than the risk of making the wrong action. His thought move back to himself, where Pagnattaro claims that he "flirts with the notion of himself as a heroic character, but dismisses each comparison.""

Tags:monologue, neurotic, indecision, time, hamlet

Abstract
This paper looks at significant media attention that men who are down low, a term used on closeted gay and bisexual men, have gained due to the increasing rate of HIV infection among black women. Some of these men who have sex with other men have girlfriends and spouses who are unaware of the double lives these men lead. The paper reviews a book written by J.L King, which provides readers with a firsthand account and understanding of the lives and lifestyles of closet black homosexuals. The author explains that men on the down low mask their homosexuality as society and religion frowns upon gays. The paper next discusses the effect of these men living in deception as well as clinical and therapy methods that would aid these individuals to cope with their lives and problems.

Outline:
King's View on Down Low
Professionals, Researchers, and Studies on Down Low
Effect of being on the Down Low
Causes of Homosexuality
The Role of the Church
What the Bible has to say on Homosexuality
Clinical Strategy
Notes
Works Cited

From the Paper
"He believes that many of the bisexual men opt not to divulge their sexual preferences for fear of negative consequences that such admittance would likely cause. Numerous people are homophobic. Gays and lesbians are ridiculed by the society and it is not a widely accepted behavior in the prevailing social and religious norms. These factors contribute to men being on the down low. King further stresses that down low men's sense of self is associated with his ability to express masculinity and fulfill the traditional gender expectation assigned to men in general."

Tags:homosexuality, bisexuality, therapy

Abstract
This paper discusses Joe Clark's book "Laying Down the Law" as being one of the most thought provoking works on the needs of the secondary education system ever written. The writer of this paper focuses on the appointment of Joe Clark as Principal of Eastside High School in N.J. and his unique courage, brilliance, leadership, administrative skills and pure devotion to the process of educating of our youth which put Clark in a category all his own. This paper discusses the media attention given to Clark by exposing his plan in the creation of "magnet" schools which resulted in changing secondary education across America.

From the Paper
"Joe Clark too is well qualified to not only do the job he did, but become the leader he became in the reform of Secondary Education during the just past decade. He was raised in the ghetto of Newark, New Jersey and boot-strapped himself and his family out of the terrible grip of poverty his life was entangled in. He did so by hard work, education and most importantly of all "applying the knowledge I've gained." This he did boldly, almost reverentially, and his innovative Conservatism became contagious."

Tags:education, joe, clark, biography, youth, magnet, school

Abstract
This paper explains that Riis was a crusader, while Liebling was a wit, but they both strike the same chord on the single issue that defines New York-ness. The author relates that Liebling points out that the speech pattern known as "New Yorkese" is essentially the speech of the Irish in Cork in the early 19th century, which was when so many Irish emigrated. The paper reports that both men saw New York as a collection of microcosms of many differ types of groups of people who are very much aware of each other.

From the Paper
"Riis writes about robbers hiding in the oversize sewers at Cherry Street, hiding the loot they got either from what little their neighbors had worth stealing in the local tenements, or some really good stuff from the fine houses that had moved farther uptown when the immigrants and the blind and infirm moved in downtown. He writes about vicious fights between landlords in which one landlord built uninhabitable buildings simply to block out light from the filthy apartments providing roofs, but little more, for the other's tenants. If the landlords ever thought they could force rivals? tenants out, they must have been mistaken. At the time, 100,000 or more lived below 14th Street, that is, in the oldest parts of New York City. They couldn?t? afford to move uptown."

Tags:tenements, speech, microcosm, crusader, wit

Abstract
The paper shows that "A History of Modern Ireland" is notable for its insightful and revisionist representations in light of its general goal as a survey of modern history. It discusses that the omission of many details, especially those involving popular movements in England, as influential as they might have been to Ireland, are forgivable in light of the sheer scope of the text. The author of the paper shows that the revisionist tendencies of the text, which sometimes gets bogged down in attempts not to over-generalize or create a history without cause and effects, gives a particularly modern feeling to a book written twenty five years ago.

From the Paper
"J C Beckett's The Making of Modern Ireland is a carefully constructed book that is very much written in an introductory/survey-oriented sense. The author acknowledges both this and its heavy reliance on predecessors in the preface, as well as his own feelings of incompetence towards the subject throughout its completion. Despite this, the narrative he subtlety lays out introduces a refreshing and strong viewpoint towards the origins of Irish Nationalism trough commonalities of thought, despite the rivalries of aim, amongst Irish Roman Catholics and the Church of Ireland."

Tags:britain, catholic, free, irish, kingdom, state, united

Abstract
This paper examines two readings: Anne Fadiman's "The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down" and Brown et al.'s "Culture, Ethnicity and the Practice of Medicine". The paper endeavors to outline the reader's responses to them. Specifically, the paper notes how these course materials have forced the reader to reconsider the wisdom of allowing cultural biases to inform her understanding of what constitutes the proper practice of medicine.

From the Paper
"What I hope to convey over the next few pages is how these two works have made me appreciate just how much our individual notions of medicine - chiefly, what works and what does not work - are culturally determined. More than that, these two works made me understand how it is less ignorance that leads some cultures to treat illnesses in different ways as it is cultural moorings that are almost impossible for any of us to eschew. "

Tags:culture, ethnicity, medicine

Abstract
The paper explains Wilson and Kelling's theory that active policing brings down the level of disorderliness in a neighborhood, which will eventually impact crime rates. The paper explores the perspectives and research on this theory and discusses the view that there is not sufficient empirical evidence to suggest that foot patrols can actually reduce real crime rates, especially violent crime rates. The paper then considers another view that even if the broken windows theory is incorrect and social disorder does not create a breeding crime for more serious offenses, community policing can only have a positive impact on a neighborhood. The paper concludes by discusses the risks associated with broken-windows style policing.

From the Paper
"In their article Broken Windows, Wilson and Kelling give an in-depth explanation of how whether a community is orderly or disorderly can impact the perception of a community's crime rate. They explain how lawmakers in New Jersey decided to enforce this policy by putting policemen back on the street, walking beats, rather than patrolling in police cars. Although Wilson and Kelling both acknowledge that placing officers on foot patrol did little to change actual crime rates, they noted that those foot patrols resulted in a change in neighborhood attitude and demeanor. While crime rates may not have changed, people in those neighborhoods perceived a difference in the rates of crime, especially violent crime."

Tags:order, disorder, community, police, patrols

Abstract
A book report and analysis of Thomas R. Marshall's "Public Opinion and the Supreme Court". The book itself concerns the influence of public opinion, the media, and interest groups on the decisions handed down by the Court, and vice versa. The conclusion points out that the influence of the public has grown (or the Court's has diminished) in the wake of the OJ Simpson trial.

Tags:public, opinion, supreme

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the ability to critically assess a journal article is central to the skills required for advanced nursing. This paper presents a detailed critique of the nursing article "Using Technology to Promote Self-Efficacy for Healthy Eating in Adolescents", by nursing professors JoAnne D. Long and Kathleen R. Stevens. Critique details are broken down into the following sections: introduction, methodology and results.

Outline:
Problem statement
Literature review and theoretical framework
Hypothesis/Variables
Methodology
Design
Threats to internal and external validity
Subjects
Data collection methods/instrumentation
Results
Findings
Interpretation/Conclusions

From the Paper
"Threats to internal validity normally are perceived as selection, history, maturation, testing, and instrumentation. Selection threats suggest that those who participated in the control or intervention group have characteristics that differ from those who were not included in the study. There is a possible selection bias given that student were from a school in an undisclosed area of the country, it is unknown whether these were rural or urban youth, from a public or private school or what other variables might affect their level of nutritional, health or independence awareness. History, or the events that happen to students during the course of the study which might affect results, could not be accounted for as all intervention took place in the school setting. Researchers acknowledged they were unable to control for social or family interventions that might run counter to their study goals. Instrumentation, maturation, dropout, and order effects were controlled by researchers directly or through statistical analysis for variance."

Tags:study, diet, obese, food, consumption