From the Paper "Louisa May Alcott was a true "modern" American of the late 1800?s, influenced by and embodying the beliefs of some of the strongest people and trends of her time, and managing to create her own long-lasting influence on American culture through her writing. The universal appeal of her characters allows her books to continue to influence readers today, as she brings to them knowledge of the realities of her life, as well as her beliefs regarding family, transcendentalism, women's suffrage, and abolition. Trends of the day, such as these, affected her greatly and made their imprint upon her work, which in turn immortalized those trends through its unending popularity."
Abstract This is a paper on the transition of women in the workplace using the Lowell Mills, of the post Civil War era, as the precursor. Women gaining a sense of unity and self-sufficiency, away from a home where they were cared for, they began to make money, and that recreated the role of woman in America.
From the Paper "Standing between the advent of industry and the chaos of the Civil War, the United States was ripe for progression. New England women began to leave the confines of the farm for the equally limiting, but ultimately liberating world of the textile factories. As the women adjusted to the new regiment of their lives, they left behind the duty and dependence of the family farm. From there it was the system of organization in the Lowell Mills that led to a redefinition of the family unit? "
Abstract This paper takes a look at the practice of affirmative action, with reference to America's history of discrimination and the Civil Rights movement, from America's beginnings to the present day.
From the Paper "Affirmative action is not a cure at all. It will not eliminate racial discrimination, nor will it eliminate competition the good jobs. Affirmative action programs can only ensure that everyone has a fair chance at what is available. I believe, the larger question to ask is: why are there not enough decent paying, challenging, and safe jobs for everyone? Why are there not enough seats in the universities for everyone who wants an education?"
Abstract This paper examines Henrik Ibsen's play "A Doll's House" to show how Ibsen illustrates his point that women have the potential to be independent and forceful, but in a society that is controlled by men, they have to make deep sacrifices in order to achieve their rights.
From the Paper "A patriarchy is defined as a social system in which a community or society is governed by men. For centuries, women have been under the domination of men in patriarchal social systems. In these systems, women are dominated by the law and by repression. Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House shows how women are paternalistically dominated in a society that is governed by men. The protagonist, Nora, is treated like a doll child first by her father and then by her husband. She is never allowed to evolve as a person, and as a result, she is considered to be delightful, ignorant, whimsical, and foolish by the other characters. Yet beneath her twittering, girlish exterior is a woman who has the potential to be independent and forceful, but whose efforts are hampered by the male characters in the play. She is a virtual captive in a lovely dollhouse created by her husband, where her husband keeps her for his amusement."
Abstract This paper discusses African American women in history, focusing on Western black women's experiences in history. It briefly discusses African-American women in the East, and their slavery experience as a foundation for the opposing experience in the West. It concentrates mainly on the time period of the 1870?s-90?s. Topics such as jobs, family life, segregation etc. are discussed as well.
From the Paper "Throughout history, African American women have been exposed to a myriad of experiences that have shaped their lives in the United States. From Slavery to Freedom, many African American women struggled to overcome the various prejudices, and obstacles that have strove to halt their aspirations. Following the abolishment of slavery in the United States, a large population of African Americans found they were facing the dilemma of what the near future would bring. Consequently, many freedmen and women had resolved to migrate to the Western United States, to start a new life in this vast land of opportunity."
Abstract This is a serious look at the way women are treated in Kenya. The paper goes out to explain the various consequences and types of Female Gentalia Mutilation . It also tries to justify why the practice is still carried out through the eyes of the traditional people. . The author argues that there is a need for strong outreach, education at the grassroots and family life education: that involves the communities and addresses the main reasons to discontinue the practice. This should be done in compromise but not by attacking the practicing few.
From the Paper "According to the Kenya demographic Health Survey (KDHS), female circumcision is the partial or complete cutting away of a woman's external genitalia. While the practice is thought to be a cultural tradition in Kenya, KDHS says its origin and underlying cultural rational is not clearly understood. It is commonly referred to as female circumcision mostly to imply that it is similar to male circumcision. However, the degree of cutting is more extreme and often impairs a woman's sexual and reproductive functions. It is because of this that the name female genital mutilation is starring."
Tags: circumscision, clitoridectomy, passage, rights, rite, womanhood, women
This paper explains the ideas of the women suffrage and abolitionist movements of the 1800s. A look at the goals, accomplishments and methods of the two 1800s reform groups: women suffrage and the abolitionist movements.
1,665 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 1 source, 2001, $ 54.95
Abstract This paper fully clarifies the goals of their reform groups, how they came about accomplishing this goal, and the hardships they faced. While explaining those factors, the author also ties the two movements together to show how they potentially were fighting for the very same cause: to end the control of dominant, white men.
From the Paper "Two very significant reform groups of the 1800's paved the way for true freedom and equal opportunity for all Americans. Although the abolition and women suffrage groups were looked at as two different movements, they were potentially one and the same. As Lydia Child phrased it, "Both were victims of the white man's lust" the solution was to end [white] male tyranny? (Walters,108). They fought to merely be treated as equals under the eye of the law and the society in which they lived in, and therefore they had to end the dominant control of white men. To get this goal accomplished, the groups also used many of the same tactics as they wrote their ideas and arguments in various publications, held strikes and rebellions, and conducted many conventions and meetings. Problems in the process of reformation still formed regardless of how hard they tried, as new laws were passed, arguments in their own reform groups surfaced, and strikes failed. Through all the hardships they faced though, both groups eventually accomplished their goal."
Abstract This paper deals with the increase in knee injuries among female athletes. The author presents hard facts to support his position and provides a personal perspective on the subject. In addition the author provides examples of ways in which knee injuries occur and the various names for the different kinds of injuries.
From the Paper "The knee joint is one of the most complicated and critical joints of the human body. The knee has to bear the entire body weight, shift balance and adjust direction of movement all smoothly and in efficient coordination. It is not surprising that injuries occur to this particular joint. The primary elements of the knee include the large bone structures: the femur, patella, tibia, and the fibula. What moves the bones of course are the muscles: flexors (biceps femoris, semimembraneous, semitendinous, sartorius, gracilis and extensors quadriceps and patellar. Now, within those larger structures are smaller but nonetheless critical components: the various ligaments which stabilize the bones and muscles such as the medial and lateral Collateral Ligaments and the Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Ligaments usually termed ACL and PCL."
Abstract This paper is an analysis of Tony Morrison's use of numbers in her work, "Beloved". She is known for using a lot of symbolism to get the reader thinking and to draw a picture that words could never describe. "Beloved" is a perfect example with all the numbers used and the meaning of those numbers.
From the Paper "Symbolism is a necessary part of all literature, helping the author get their point across and communicate beyond words. Symbols force the reader to think and delve into the author's mind to truly understand what lies within. Toni Morrison proves to be a master with her unique and diverse use of symbols and ideas. In her novel, "Beloved", numbers are woven into the plot, becoming a significant part of the story, and expressing more than mere words ever could."
Abstract The author argues that the inferior societal role of women is still depicted in the way female characters are represented in films and that the male patriarchal dominance is still evident today. The paper focuses on two films: "Letter From an Unknown Women" and "The Piano", which speak for females and about females, and still fall victim to the male-dominated world in order to gain recognition and audience.
From the Paper "Sex objects, housewives, heart broken lovers, and caring mothers this are the role of the female in Hollywood cinema and other film forms. The societal role of the women has changed yet social consciousness within the genre conventions of the women's film has remained. The women's film is made to target female viewers, by using topics, which the patriarchal Hollywood society of directors and producers feels are appropriate for the housewives of the post-war era to learn and be entertained about. With the evolution of the women's film, ?women could ruin their lives ? get free of everything ? down at the movie house for twenty-five cents with butter on their popcorn.? (Basinger, 1993) A women's cinema, is the first movement where women were making films themselves, for and about women. Although the women's movement has been active since before the 1950's when women were told to go back to the home and return to being both as consumers and items for consumption. Film and Cinema has continued to further suppress and enclose women within the male dominated hegemonic world, which continues to exist in the cinema with insignificant change or evolution."
Abstract This paper takes a look at rape and law, and what is considered consented, and /or non-consented intercourse? The author discusses views from the feminist movement with regards to what should be considered rape, and what is sexual autonomy. The paper uses several scenarios for debatable examples, and focuses a good deal on the court system.
From the Paper "We as a people are presented with challenging issues in our lives that people face on the daily basis. Our courtrooms are filled with attorneys and judges that make rulings that not only affect the law, but also can establish changes on the decisions and choices that men and women make in their intimate lives. What is considered rape? When an authority figure such as a doctor, or police officer violate their oath and begin to prey on the emotionally handicap or use their respected position for personal satisfaction, they have crossed a line. The line that will be focused on is rape. In the courts we see men that have been charged with the crime of rape. The defense will always seem to go with the argument that "she consented" or ?she led me to believe she wanted it.? Unfortunately, it is the victim that has to prove her case."
Abstract This paper examines the controversial debate over abortion in the United States, as well as the medical aspects of the procedure. The author discusses the difference between induced and spontaneous abortion, alternatives to surgery, the option of adoption, and various abortion rates on a global scale.
From the paper:
"In this day and age, women no longer need to experience giving birth to a child at all. With the legality of abortion, came the option of staying pregnant and giving birth or terminating the pregnancy in the early stages. Abortion is a highly controversial and personal decision. A decision that requires a lot of time for thought. The issue has brought upon a real life tug-of-war match between the pro-lifers and pro-choices. Those who support pro-life beliefs feel that abortion should be abolished and that the laws are too lenient. Those who support pro-choice believe that the decision should lie solely with the mother and laws should not limit her options."
Abstract The following defines and discusses the different types and causes of breast cancer. In addition it looks at how this cancer is treated, the different stages of this illness and the proposed treatment.
From the paper:
?A doctor should be seen if changes in the breasts are noticed. The doctor may suggest a mammogram. A mammogram is a special x-ray of the breast that may find tumors that are too small to feel. If a lump in the breast is found, the doctor may need to cut out a small piece of the lump and look at it under the microscope to see if there are any cancer cells. This procedure is called a biopsy. If the biopsy shows that there is cancer, it is important that certain tests (called estrogen and progesterone receptor tests) be done on the cancer cells. Estrogen and progesterone receptor tests may tell whether hormones affect the way the cancer grows.?
Tags: lobes, tissues, malignant, hereditary, inflammatory, women, health
Abstract This paper explores the construction and meaning of Mary Rowlandson's famous Captivity Narrative, first published in 1682 which tells how she was held captive during King Philip's War of 1675 by Algonquin Indians. The author explains how her autobiographical narrative reveals her religious fervor and struggles, within the context of New England Puritan thought. Within this paper on the Captivity Narrative, there is an analysis of Calvinist thought, and insight into White New Englander prejudices against the Algonquin Indians, and how those prejudices were influenced by a loathing of the Catholic Church.
From the Paper "Mary Rowlandson was captured by the Indians from her home in Lancaster, Massachusetts, during King Philip's War of 1675. She wrote a narrative about her captivity and "restoration" which was so widely read that its popularity lasted for another century and more, after its first publication in 1682. Rowlandson's captivity narrative was reissued in Boston in 1770, 1771, and 1773, and it was also released many more times in various colonies and states during the 19th century. (Slotkin: 1973, p. 96). Thus it became one of the most representative documents by which white New Englanders remembered King Philip's War. But just how representative was Rowlandson's narrative, when it came to the realities of the conflict, on both sides, Puritan and Indian? Having been trapped in the wilderness as a prisoner of war, and surviving, Mary Rowlandson saw herself as spiritually renewed and redeemed. While many of the events in her account are probably true, her narrative is still somewhat mythical and shaped, both consciously and unconsciously, to fit her religious and cultural ideals. "
Abstract This essay examines the roles played by women in the military and gender stratification. The author discusses three Supreme Court cases that strengthened the ongoing argument that females should be allowed into military positions of active combat. The paper also looks at the story of Major Rhonda Cornum, taken captive in the Black Hawk incident.
From the Paper "As the world enters the twenty-first century, the question of gender stratification and exclusion in military ground combat situations continues to be the center of much disagreement and debate. Female citizens should by all means be guaranteed the same opportunities for advancement and individual freedom of choice that are given their male counterparts. The obtainment of these opportunities and freedoms should not, however, come at the expense or sacrifice of all aspects of the time-honored relationships and boundaries that have conventionally existed between the sexes, one of which is the battlefield."
