Abstract An investigation of women's rights in Afghanistan. The author examines the rules and laws that women must abide by concerning work, travel and education, punishment and specific difficulties that they encounter such as health care. The paper provides a look at some personal stories.
OUTLINE
I. Introduction
A. Who are the Taliban?
B. Life Before the Taliban
II. Rules
A. May not work
B. Ban on education
C. Travel
D. Contact with males
E. Hiding in home
F. Dress
G. Bathing
III. Punishment
? Death for traveling with man not her mahram
? Whipping, beating and verbal abuse of women not clothed in accordance with Taliban rules, or of women unaccompanied by a mahram, for having non-covered ankles.
? Women have been shot at for leaving their homes without a male escort to receive medical care.
IV. Specific difficulties
A. Employment
B. Health care
V. Personal stories
A. SUMAYYAH KARIMI
VI. Conclusion
From the Paper ?The plight of women in Afghanistan has received much media attention since the start of the United States war on terrorism. This war has focused on Afghanistan because the Taliban government allowed their country to be used as a safe haven by terrorists. While the women of Afghanistan have lived under restrictions unfamiliar to many women living in Western countries, since the Taliban took control of the majority of Afghanistan in 1996, they have been subjected to a series of rules and punishments unprecedented in any other country of the world.?
Abstract This paper explains how domestic violence refers to both mental and physical violence between adult intimate partners. It explores the indication that rape is used to regulate the power relations between the two genders and tries to maintain a certain cultural order between the genders in a culture with ever blurring boundaries.
From the Paper "In the United States, at the end of the millennium, "domestic violence" is a code for physical and emotional brutality within intimate relationships, usually heterosexual. As a code, it glosses the intricate, layered connections of power relationships built on race, class, and gender hierarchies, each tied in unique fashion to requirements of female dependency. These power hierarchies recede as the discursive focus abstracts acts of violence as pathology to be remedied, separate from a critique of the relationships of dominance through which it is constituted. It is possible to oppose "domestic violence" and at the same time oppose all other efforts to restructure relations of dominance, including women's subordination. (Warr, M. 1985)"
Abstract A paper which considers symbolism, style, tone, setting and perspective in a short story, demonstrated by comparing works of Kate Chopin's the "Story of an Hour" and "The Storm". Using these stories the writer examines how emotions and events are depicted with the positive and negative impacts of marriage and how this may be interpreted by a reader.
From the Paper "Most of the work by Kate Chopin was mostly in the 1890's and can be seen as very advanced for its time. The books look to understand and explore more than the different levels at which society operates, but looks to the human condition and the way that relationships are formed and develop. The story written in 1898 can be seen as a controversial subject, the affair between two married people, Calixta and Alc?e. In first reading the book the initial judgements of guilt to the woman and understanding or less condemnation for the man is still seen as prevalent in many readers interpretation (Skaggs, 2001). However, the message in this story is much deeper, looking to explore how the heart and emotions are deeper than social facades would indicate."
Abstract The paper begins with a description of the abolitionist movement. The role of white women in the movement is then discussed, including motivations for involvement, such as empathy with others considered second-class citizens, and personal relationships with slaves.
From the Paper "During the 1800's when the anti-slave movement began the main champions for the ending of slavery other than slaves themselves were white women. White women sympathized and even helped slaves; one notable example was the Underground Railroad, where some white women risked their homes and possibly even their lives to help slaves escape to the North. Some white women stood side by side in full public view with slaves proudly demonstrating their support for the anti slavery movement. On the surface it would seem that white women and slaves would have very little if anything at all in common. However, such an assumption would be far from the truth. The abolitionist movement was about human suffering and human rights, the quest for justice, liberty, equality and freedom resounded within the hearts and minds of women who silently longed to be free themselves. While it was whites that enslaved Blacks, it was primarily white men who involved themselves in the business of buying and selling slaves, it was white men who owned the property and the land that the slaves toiled on day and night. At the same time, white women had few if any rights. White women felt as if the same shackles that bound the slaves bound them as well. The words orated by slaves who spoke of the yearning to be free also struck a cord among women. Women begin to take issue with slavery and later as history revealed women began to fight for freedom for themselves. It was the above-mentioned reasons that women were so attracted to the anti slavery movement, and pursued the cause with a vengeance."
Abstract This is a brief paper which introduces both sides of the abortion spectrum and then provides facts and arguments to back up these sides. It discusses whether a woman's right to choose freedom for her body justifies the right of the fetus to be killed.
From the Paper "Abortion is defined as the termination of pregnancy before birth, resulting in, or accompanied by the death of the fetus. The issue of abortion is one of the most intensely debated and polarizing issues in the world, and specifically in the United States. There have been bitter legal battles over abortion, violent confrontations at abortion clinics, and an overall sense of conflict over this extremely personal issue. The vast majority of abortions in the United States are for social reasons rather than medical ones. These reasons include a woman not feeling ready for a baby, her partner wanting it, etc. Approximately 93% of all abortions are committed for reasons such as these (Medical par.10). Abortion is wrong, and it is murder. A woman's right to choose is superseded by her unborn child's inalienable right to life."
Abstract This paper puts forward the argument that prostitution should be legalized. It examines how up until now, banning prostitution has not only failed to eradicate the trade, but has transformed the trade into a seedy world of criminals, pimps, and disease-ridden prostitutes contributing to the health risks of society. It looks at the advantages of its legalization such as the savings by the government of a tremendous amount of time and money in their attempts to enforce prostitution laws which could be diverted to more serious crimes, such as homicides and how in a regulated setting, the government can also benefit from the taxes it collects from the prostitutes and the brothels. Most importantly, it brings the trade of the prostitution into the open, freeing it from the domination of criminals who govern the underground world.
From the Paper "Legalization of the prostitution industry will give the authority the upper hand to regulate it, thus issuing brothels licenses and guidelines, while eliminating undesirable elements. By implementing these laws, the government will be protecting the well-being of prostitutes, customers and society. Holland provides a good example with the legalisation of its prostitution industry. Under the regulations erected for this industry, licenses are issued to brothel owners who have registered their workers and complied with strict safety standards. The brothel owners are subjected to police screening, Those who employ under-age prostitutes or illegal immigrants risk being arrested by the authorities (Sissons, 1999, p. 27)."
Abstract This paper examines how the family is a basic unit of society and is usually regarded not only as indispensable but as the key element in socialization processes and in the perpetuation of societal values. It looks at how the family has been the basic unit of society from ancient times to the present and how although different cultures may view the family and certain kinship in a differing light, the basic family unit is a near-universal social reality, with the nuclear family of parents and children a norm understood by virtually everyone. It evaluates the changing status of the family over the years and analyzes how the nuclear family seems to be disappearing in a world where divorce and unwed motherhood are occurring at high rates.
From the Paper "Many who feel family values are being lost are indeed making a value judgment on the new notion of the family. They see the traditional nuclear family as "the" family and any variation on that as a challenge to family values, thus excluding what Rubin would include--single-parent households, gay and lesbian households, couples without children, people who have children and live together without ever marrying, and members of divorced families, remarried families, blended families, and extended families (Rubin 19). Clearly, one reason people believe family values are disappearing is because they have a narrow definition of what constitutes a family and its values in the first place."
Abstract This paper discusses that, in Whitaker and Napier's examination of process of family therapy, the authors find that the most progressive way of exploring conflict within families is structured through the family systems model, in which all behaviors of the family are addressed in order to assess the sense of commonality that unites the different aspects of the family.
Abstract Discusses findings of several studies and articles regarding the accuracy of how the two genders communicate. Communication issues include women as instigators of discussion in relationship problems and the male tendency to close off discussion in intimate discussions.
From the Paper "Many studies indicate a difference in communication between men and women. Generally speaking, these findings depict women as the instigators of discussion when ..."
This paper examines issues of marriage rights, abandonment, and religion in the context of 16th century France as illustrated by Natalie Zemon Davis's book, "The Return of Martin Guerre".
1,414 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 1 source, 2002, $ 47.95
Abstract This paper investigates how women's choices were severely limited in Catholic France of the 16th century, using as a source "The Return of Martin Guerre". Even though the main character had been abandoned by her husband for many years, according to law she could not seek a divorce. This examination shows how the growing influence of Protestantism and its more liberal views of marriage influenced the choices of the characters in the book, as well as those of everyone in Reformation Europe.
From the Paper "Marriages of the time, even among peasants, were often arranged more for economic reasons than for any idea of romantic love. There is no evidence presented in the book that Bertrande or Martin knew each other very well before getting married, much less that they were in love. The marriage was most likely arranged by their parents to maximize the economic resources of both families."
Abstract This paper defines the principles of utilitarianism in relation to abortion, or the ethical discussion that justifies abortion as a means of reducing population burdens for the rest of society. Reasons for reducing this burden are specified as both economical and ecological, where reduced population allows for a better standard of living and a healthier environment.
From the Paper "Leadership everywhere throughout time has been predominantly male. In America and throughout the world women have been in constant conflict to expand their influence to every aspect of life. Today, women have grown past the boundaries that kept them at home for thousands of years. The leading region of this feminine expansion into leadership positions has been in the United States, the leading economy of the world. To raise one's stature in a capitalistic country, one must become capitalistic themselves. Consequentially women have, bringing with them a completely new set of values to the world and to business. These new values have made their way into leadership positions, but there they encountered immense opposition from masculine leadership supporters. Feminine leadership values in business are highly admirable qualities because absolute masculine control produces low quality work, is primarily self-centered, and is detrimentally competitive. "
Abstract This paper discusses the life and art of Judy Chicago and her struggle to help women break out in the art world, and a detailed look at her work, "The Dinner Party", and its sexual and feminist meanings.
Awakening of Feminism
The Role of Judy Chicago in Feminism
The Role of Judy Chicago's "Dinner Party" in Feminism
The Dinner Party
Conclusion
From the Paper Judy Chicago and her Dinner Party bears some significant historical meaning for the world of feminism, the world of art history, and the world that ordinary people like you and me live. In contrast to the modernists/modernism and abstract expressionists/abstract expressionism that require artwork to be a production from solitary beings, Chicago used a total of 400 or so collective powers to constitute her piece of history. In contrast to the passive roles of feminine figures in the history of art, Chicago not only accepted the female figures but also blatantly integrated the female genitals into The Dinner Party.
Abstract This critical paper explores Susan Glaspell's first drama, "Trifles", a murder and investigation story. Within the plot lies the undertone of sexual discrimination and the effects it had upon women. Although murder is not a justifiable action, no matter what the offense may be, "Trifles" generates sympathy towards the murderer for what she has been through and makes the reader feel less like she was the suspect and more like she was the victim.
From the Paper "Susan Glaspell's first drama, Trifles, was written on one afternoon in 1916 as Glaspell sat in an empty theater staring at an empty stage. Based on her memories of a murder trial she covered in earlier days as a reporter, Trifles is a story of murder, evidence, and justice. However, underneath the outer facts, emotions, oppressions, and motives are exposed. Two of the major themes developed in the plot of Trifles are the physical and psychological oppressions suffered by the women of the early 1900s and the significance of a male-dominated civilization. Trifles gives the reader a perfect example of how the suspect of a story can evolve into a victim as the plot develops and the inner emotions are revealed."
Abstract This essay examines the role of women and motherhood during the 1930?s, when the Nazi regime took over Germany. It takes a hard look at the views and opinions about women by the leaders of the Nazi regime.
From the Paper "The Nazi regime's views of what a woman's role should be and what they actually were, were very different. A woman's place was in the home, looking after her husband, her home, and most importantly, her children. The Nazi ideology saw women as inferior to men, a woman should be at home and having children, "Kinder, Kirche, Kuche". Goebbels said ?a woman's primary, rightful, and appropriate place is in the family, and the most wonderful task that she can perform is to present her country and people with children.?[i] The image of marriage and motherhood was sold not only as a benefit to the individual and family but also an obligation to the state. The regime believed in this so much that women could apply for marriage loans, where a woman who was getting married could apply for a marriage loan, on the proviso that she left the job market. "
