Abstract This paper looks at Margery Kempe's book through a feminist lens, and describes her attempts to gain acceptance by subverting the very patriarchy whose acceptance she sought. The paper outlines the visions Kempe received from Christ, and her subsequent dependence on these visions and her need for spiritual validation.
From the Paper "Margery Kempe (1373?-1448?), medieval laywoman and visionary, completed a book near the end of her life (with the help of scribes) which detailed her life relating to visions she received from Christ starting at the age of twenty. Reading The Book of Margery Kempe from a feminist viewpoint can open up the text in a way which helps the reader understand Margery's struggles to be heard and to be accepted, as well as why she may have been so desperate to free her life of carnal pleasures. By looking at the Book in this manner, one realizes that Margery needed others, men in particular, to validate her. The Book scarcely mentions Margery's contact with other laywomen, and other holy women are mentioned primarily as comparisons with Margery designed to authenticate her actions. The paucity of women is due to their inability to further her appeals for acceptance by the church; only learned and influential men could do that. So, ironically, Margery needed the very patriarchy whose dominance she wished to be free from. Without the pleasures she once derived from living in the world, Margery needed Jesus to speak to her everyday, she needed the mystical marriage with the Godhead, and, most importantly, she needed for clerics and bishops to validate her spirituality. Even if Margery rejected the bodily life associated with her husband, she nonetheless needed men to establish her place in the world. Whether these men were her scribes, her confessors, or Christ himself, Margery relied on them to maintain her chaste life."
From the Paper " This paper will examine the issue of domestic violence in the United States. In particular, the paper will focus upon violence perpetrated by men against their female partners. The first part of the paper will attempt to define domestic violence, examining the various types and degrees of such violence. The second part of the paper will look at the history of attitudes towards domestic violence in the United States. This section will focus on the evolving views of domestic violence and the theories on how it should be treated. The third part of the paper will discuss the problems of the law regarding domestic violence and enforcing the law in these situations. This section will look primarily at the specialized provisions which have been enacted and the possible effectiveness of the law in this area. The last part of the ..."
From the Paper "Marriage is a complex interpersonal relationship. Thus its breakdown generally arises from a variety of causes. With the divorce rate approaching crisis proportions, an urgent need exists for counselors skilled in marital stabilization.
One of the most prevalent underlying factors in the breakdown of marriage is lack of communication. When communication ceases, marital growth deteriorates: "In many cases, one partner is so alienated by the spouse that empathy, sympathy, and even listening cease" (Friesen & Friesen, 1989, p. 9).
Prather (1995) attributes outside influences internalized by unwary couples as a major factor in the breakdown of marital relationships. Popular philosophies embrace a mindset known as "separation psychology." We live in a disposable society..."
From the Paper "In this carefully constructed book, Medieval Women, M. M. Postan has set for herself the task of editing the scintillating research of her late colleague and fellow medievalist, Eileen Power. The sensitivity with which this book is formulated is evidenced by its first observation. Power indicates that a culture is often judged by the status it allots to women as well as how they are treated. Power reveals her deft historical skills when she observes with simple lucidity that the Middle Ages offers its scholars a particularly daunting task of appraisal on this topic. To understand the true position of women Power declares that there must be a blending of their everyday life, its legal rights and restrictions, and a consideration of their theoretical status."
From the Paper "Although the term "public relations" was not coined until 1919, it did not emerge as a part of the public consciousness until the 1960s and 1970s (Mercer, 1989, p. 5). Today public relations has emerged as a thriving $0.5 billion-a-year industry with an expectation of a 12% annual growth rate (Mercer, p. 5). Scrutiny of these dates indicates that the growth of public relations, understood as the art of creating and sustaining a positive public image, coincides with important changes in the social and economic status of women. First, in 1919 at about the same time the phrase "public relations" was born, the American suffragette movement was successful in its campaign for women's..."
From the Paper "Sexual Harassment in the Workplace
How do people determine if they are victims of sexual harassment at their places of work? For more than a century, cases of supervisory and management personnel intimidating and abusing members of the opposite sex for the single reason that the underlings are members of the opposite gender have been documented. Sexual harassment is widespread in the United States. The targets are usually female in subordinate positions to a male authority. Sexual harassment occurs for several reasons: the definition of sexual harassment is poorly understood and constantly changing; men and women tend to perceive situations from different perspectives; and men knowingly or unknowingly may try to intimidate women in order to force them away from male-dominated domains so that the men can ..."
From the Paper " The "glass ceiling" remains a formidable barrier between women and the executive suite. Relatively few women have succeeded in penetrating this barrier, in America as well as Europe. Given that women are consumers of products and services developed by the very companies that discriminate against them, it is surprising that more women have not assumed an activist role in public policy and corporate initiatives to eliminate the glass ceiling. Part of the reason could be that a significant number of women are not aware of the extent of the problem.
Many feminists suggest that gender bias in the workplace is a byproduct of gender socialization in the schools. Ravitch (1996) refutes this contention, "Teachers do not subtly discourage girls from pursuing their goals. Girls are doing very well indeed" (p. 1). Although boys score higher on national.."
From the Paper "This paper discusses the institution of marriage and its associated ceremonies within the Catholic and Jewish faiths. Almost every human society recognizes at least one form of matrimonial contract, binding couples together, most often in order to found families, and most religions offer ceremonies, customs, and rituals that recognize the establishment of these contracts. Catholicism and Judaism are no exceptions. The ways in which each celebrates and solemnizes marriage give indications of the similarities and contrasts between these two contrasting faiths.
Marriage, the contract between a man and a woman, often designed to establish and maintain a family, is a social arrangement found in societies throughout history. Especially in many Western societies, this contract is also viewed as a.."
Examines evolution & major issues of two movements in U.S. Analyzes them in terms of the impact of Civil War, emancipation of slaves, politics, Reconstruction, leadership, laws, organizations and suffrage.
6,750 words (approx. 27 pages), 24 sources, 1999, $ 135.95
From the Paper "This research paper discusses the nature and course of the movements for civil rights and women's rights in the United States during the 1860s and draws appropriate comparisons and contrasts between them.
The principal struggle for civil rights related to improving the political, legal and, to a lesser extent, the economic status of blacks in the South, their emancipation from slavery and succor by the North during the Civil War (1860-1865) and their achievement of suffrage and other rights during the initial phases of Reconstruction (1865-1870). Emancipation only gradually became a central goal of Union policy during the war and its full parameters were far from settled by the time President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated. Reconstruction policy followed an even..."
From the Paper "The purpose of this research is to examine the position of women regarding divorce in Islam culture. The plan of the research will be to set forth the historical context in which the condition or fate of women in divorce is given special treatment in Islam, and then to discuss controversies surrounding women's position in Islam, whether it is considered a culture or a religion or a combination.
Any meaningful discussion of the status, history, or future of women in regard to the issue of divorce in Islam must include the background of the Islamic world view. In its most forceful articulation, Muslim Weltanschauung entails the subsumption of individual wants or needs by ideological-doctrinal Islam. Just as Marxist utopianism is projected as superior to and critical of prevailing conditions of human experience, wherein the supposed freedom.."
From the Paper " This paper is an examination of the phenomenon of the midlife crisis and its effects on career planning and career change. In the course of life, individuals confront a series of challenges that help to shape personality and determine responses to problems, issues, and life stages. Psychologists have focused more attention on the developmental stages of childhood, but many researchers have come to believe that personality continues to be shaped significantly throughout life. The passage into midlife, when the individual begins to realize his or her limitations and mortality, can present the individual with one of life's most dramatic crises, and this drama is often manifested in the urge to pursue a new career as part of an overall desire to implement sweeping change in the direction of his or her life choices. Change can be beneficial when it consists of reevaluation and.."
From the Paper "The 20th century has been a period of revolution for virtually all of the arts. The classical standards of artistic expression have been studied, deconstructed and ultimately reinvented through the paintings of Pablo Picasso, Salvadore Dali, and Max Ernst, the sculpture of Constantin Brancusi, the literature of James Joyce and the music of Igor Stravinski, to name a few. With creative insight, passion and sheer artistic potency, Martha Graham earned a place among this pantheon of luminaries through her singular creation of the modern dance. In 1937, Merle Armitage compiled some of the articles written by her friends, colleagues and critics into a single volume titled Martha Graham, The Early Years. The articles, written over the first decade of her career, provide valuable insight into the contemporary perception of the importance and impact of her work."
From the Paper "Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179) was one of the most unusual people of the twelfth century. She was the first of the long tradition of female visionary mystics who constituted one of the most singular phenomena of the Middle Ages. And, at a time when women had almost no access to public life, Hildegard was famous for her writings, corresponded with the pope and many of the most important men in Europe, headed her own convent, traveled and preached orthodox Christianity against various heresies, and composed liturgical music. From a twentieth-century point of view Hildegard might seem like a distant predecessor of the fully enfranchised woman who is today's ideal. But in order to understand her life and works it is necessary to view them in the context of her own times. For, in spite of the unusual nature of her gifts of vision and prophecy, Hildegard was a staunch ..."
Abstract Karen Horney (1885-1953) was a psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who has become popularly known as a prominent opponent of Freud's approach to feminine psychology. But this work formed only a part of Horney's career and her most important contribution to psychoanalysis is her mature theory, in which she also departed from Freud, that stresses relationships and other social factors as the primary forces operating in the development and functioning of personality.
From the Paper "Karen Horney (1885-1953) was a psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who has become popularly known as a prominent opponent of Freud's approach to feminine psychology. But this work formed only a part of Horney's career and her most important contribution to psychoanalysis is her mature theory, in which she also departed from Freud, that stresses relationships and other social factors as the primary forces operating in the development and functioning of personality. Horney's theory developed steadily throughout her long career and her departures from psychoanalytic orthodoxy often isolated her at first, and then led to productive work that attracted followers.
Horney was born Karen Danielsen in Hamburg, Germany. In the early part of the century there was, among educated Europeans, a growing "atmosphere of social and political excitement concerning ..."
Abstract The "Glass Ceiling" refers to a hidden or unstated barrier to advancement within a corporation (Moshavi, 1998, ENT 2). In her article discussing that issue, Moshavi reported that women and minorities are the fastest-growing group of business owners, and that growth should be attributed to Corporate America.
From the Paper "INTERCULTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE "GLASS CEILING"
The "Glass Ceiling" refers to a hidden or unstated barrier to advancement within a corporation (Moshavi, 1998, ENT 2). In her article discussing that issue, Moshavi reported that women and minorities are the fastest-growing group of business owners, and that growth should be attributed to Corporate America.
She cites polls from Catalyst and other women's nonprofits that showed women and minorities were dissatisfied with their corporate jobs. Women cited the "glass ceiling" and lack of challenge twice as often as women whose businesses are more than 20 years old. When women quit their jobs, "top reasons for leaving were, in order: inflexibility; glass-ceiling issues, such as not being valued; unpleasant environment; and lack of challenge."
