Abstract A description of the female composers who contributed to the success of the Romantic period of music (1825-1900). The paper explains that even though most of the composers of the time were male, Hensel and Schumann were talented and successful and made it to the top in their own right. It examines their different styles and how their music reflected the society and culture of the times.
From the Paper "Like other composers during this period, Hensel and Schumann were engaged with many of the important motifs of the Romantic period, including an attention to both nationalistic and what might be called "exotic" themes in music. Both this rise in nationalism and this interest in non-Western music reflected larger political and cultural events in the world. Among the most important of these was a series of revolutions that occurred in the middle of the 19th century that served as attempts for nations like Italy to free themselves from foreign rule. Germany was undergoing a different form of nationalist struggle during the middle decades of the 19th century as its leaders strove to build (for the first time) a politically unified nation."
Abstract This essay describes male and female relations in the Unites States and how roles of the female and indeed the male have changed. The paper looks at extreme feminism and attempts to offer a compromize in the war between the genders in society today.
From the Paper "Who should wash the dishes and the clothes? Who should wash the car and cook the dinner? Who should pay the bills, build houses and do the cleaning? Questions such as these cannot be effectively answered without examining the Feminist and "menist" perspectives regarding who should do what and who should not."
From the Paper " Margaret Sanger (1879-1966) was one of the great social reformers of the twentieth century. Her work to promote readily available contraceptive advice and devices and her promotion of improvements in contraceptive methods initiated a revolution in these areas and led to the organization that later became Planned Parenthood. Sanger's work was initially directed at women's control of their own reproductive capacity in the United States and England, but her scope eventually extended to much of the world. Despite her pioneering efforts, however, she has occasionally been seen by later scholars as insufficiently feminist in orientation. Such complaints are often very much present-oriented and seem to scold women of the past for failing to possess the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs held by contemporary women. They cannot, in the long run, truly detract.."
From the Paper "In spite of the massive entry of women in the workplace and the increasing numbers of women in mid-level managerial positions, top-level positions remain as elusive to women today as they were more than a decade ago. Working in a world dominated by male decision-makers and their established practices, women encounter a variety of barriers impeding their surge to the top of their careers. One of the most significant factors is cultural stereotype. To many CEOs, women cannot compete against their male counterparts because they get pregnant and are responsible for domestic tasks. Therefore, they are placed in dead-end managerial positions with no real potential of reaching the executive suite. Nonetheless, a few women, such as Carleton Fiorina who recently became the president and CEO of Hewlett-Packard Company, have managed to..."
From the Paper "This paper will discuss the accomplishments of Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton in the woman suffrage movement, focusing on the second half of the nineteenth century. The expansion of the urban middle class during the first half of the nineteenth century caused a shift in the perceived role of women in society. On family farms, the two sexes worked side by side, but in the cities men sought work outside the home while women raised the children and ran the household. Women came to be regarded as morally superior, but intellectually inferior to men. They were seen as the keepers of purity and refinement; it was held that they should dedicate their lives to creating a moral atmosphere in the home and should not be contaminated by the corrupting influences of politics. This has come to be..."
Abstract The paper defines Dysmenorrhea as "difficult menstrual flow", and shows that it is a condition that is often underrated in terms of how life altering it can be and how even the simplest daily activities can be affected. The paper examines the symptoms and treatments of this disorder and uses graphs and illustrations to present information.
From the Paper "Approximately 50% of women in the world have this disorder, but the percentage could actually be higher due to the fact that many women overlook this as a possibility for causing discomfort during menstruation. Dysmenorrhea is a common cause of recurrent absence from work, school, or other activities (Mishell et al., 1997). Dysmenorrhea mainly affects younger women, especially between the ages of 15-19, a few years after menarche, which is when one experiences menstruation for the first time. The first few menstrual cycles after menarche are anovulatory, meaning ovulation does not occur, and without ovulation this disorder is nonexistent (Baker et al., 1999)."
Abstract This paper looks at Margery Kempe's book through a feminist lens, and describes her attempts to gain acceptance by subverting the very patriarchy whose acceptance she sought. The paper outlines the visions Kempe received from Christ, and her subsequent dependence on these visions and her need for spiritual validation.
From the Paper "Margery Kempe (1373?-1448?), medieval laywoman and visionary, completed a book near the end of her life (with the help of scribes) which detailed her life relating to visions she received from Christ starting at the age of twenty. Reading The Book of Margery Kempe from a feminist viewpoint can open up the text in a way which helps the reader understand Margery's struggles to be heard and to be accepted, as well as why she may have been so desperate to free her life of carnal pleasures. By looking at the Book in this manner, one realizes that Margery needed others, men in particular, to validate her. The Book scarcely mentions Margery's contact with other laywomen, and other holy women are mentioned primarily as comparisons with Margery designed to authenticate her actions. The paucity of women is due to their inability to further her appeals for acceptance by the church; only learned and influential men could do that. So, ironically, Margery needed the very patriarchy whose dominance she wished to be free from. Without the pleasures she once derived from living in the world, Margery needed Jesus to speak to her everyday, she needed the mystical marriage with the Godhead, and, most importantly, she needed for clerics and bishops to validate her spirituality. Even if Margery rejected the bodily life associated with her husband, she nonetheless needed men to establish her place in the world. Whether these men were her scribes, her confessors, or Christ himself, Margery relied on them to maintain her chaste life."
From the Paper " This paper will examine the issue of domestic violence in the United States. In particular, the paper will focus upon violence perpetrated by men against their female partners. The first part of the paper will attempt to define domestic violence, examining the various types and degrees of such violence. The second part of the paper will look at the history of attitudes towards domestic violence in the United States. This section will focus on the evolving views of domestic violence and the theories on how it should be treated. The third part of the paper will discuss the problems of the law regarding domestic violence and enforcing the law in these situations. This section will look primarily at the specialized provisions which have been enacted and the possible effectiveness of the law in this area. The last part of the ..."
From the Paper "Marriage is a complex interpersonal relationship. Thus its breakdown generally arises from a variety of causes. With the divorce rate approaching crisis proportions, an urgent need exists for counselors skilled in marital stabilization.
One of the most prevalent underlying factors in the breakdown of marriage is lack of communication. When communication ceases, marital growth deteriorates: "In many cases, one partner is so alienated by the spouse that empathy, sympathy, and even listening cease" (Friesen & Friesen, 1989, p. 9).
Prather (1995) attributes outside influences internalized by unwary couples as a major factor in the breakdown of marital relationships. Popular philosophies embrace a mindset known as "separation psychology." We live in a disposable society..."
From the Paper "In this carefully constructed book, Medieval Women, M. M. Postan has set for herself the task of editing the scintillating research of her late colleague and fellow medievalist, Eileen Power. The sensitivity with which this book is formulated is evidenced by its first observation. Power indicates that a culture is often judged by the status it allots to women as well as how they are treated. Power reveals her deft historical skills when she observes with simple lucidity that the Middle Ages offers its scholars a particularly daunting task of appraisal on this topic. To understand the true position of women Power declares that there must be a blending of their everyday life, its legal rights and restrictions, and a consideration of their theoretical status."
From the Paper "Although the term "public relations" was not coined until 1919, it did not emerge as a part of the public consciousness until the 1960s and 1970s (Mercer, 1989, p. 5). Today public relations has emerged as a thriving $0.5 billion-a-year industry with an expectation of a 12% annual growth rate (Mercer, p. 5). Scrutiny of these dates indicates that the growth of public relations, understood as the art of creating and sustaining a positive public image, coincides with important changes in the social and economic status of women. First, in 1919 at about the same time the phrase "public relations" was born, the American suffragette movement was successful in its campaign for women's..."
From the Paper "Sexual Harassment in the Workplace
How do people determine if they are victims of sexual harassment at their places of work? For more than a century, cases of supervisory and management personnel intimidating and abusing members of the opposite sex for the single reason that the underlings are members of the opposite gender have been documented. Sexual harassment is widespread in the United States. The targets are usually female in subordinate positions to a male authority. Sexual harassment occurs for several reasons: the definition of sexual harassment is poorly understood and constantly changing; men and women tend to perceive situations from different perspectives; and men knowingly or unknowingly may try to intimidate women in order to force them away from male-dominated domains so that the men can ..."
From the Paper " The "glass ceiling" remains a formidable barrier between women and the executive suite. Relatively few women have succeeded in penetrating this barrier, in America as well as Europe. Given that women are consumers of products and services developed by the very companies that discriminate against them, it is surprising that more women have not assumed an activist role in public policy and corporate initiatives to eliminate the glass ceiling. Part of the reason could be that a significant number of women are not aware of the extent of the problem.
Many feminists suggest that gender bias in the workplace is a byproduct of gender socialization in the schools. Ravitch (1996) refutes this contention, "Teachers do not subtly discourage girls from pursuing their goals. Girls are doing very well indeed" (p. 1). Although boys score higher on national.."
From the Paper "This paper discusses the institution of marriage and its associated ceremonies within the Catholic and Jewish faiths. Almost every human society recognizes at least one form of matrimonial contract, binding couples together, most often in order to found families, and most religions offer ceremonies, customs, and rituals that recognize the establishment of these contracts. Catholicism and Judaism are no exceptions. The ways in which each celebrates and solemnizes marriage give indications of the similarities and contrasts between these two contrasting faiths.
Marriage, the contract between a man and a woman, often designed to establish and maintain a family, is a social arrangement found in societies throughout history. Especially in many Western societies, this contract is also viewed as a.."
Examines evolution & major issues of two movements in U.S. Analyzes them in terms of the impact of Civil War, emancipation of slaves, politics, Reconstruction, leadership, laws, organizations and suffrage.
6,750 words (approx. 27 pages), 24 sources, 1999, $ 135.95
From the Paper "This research paper discusses the nature and course of the movements for civil rights and women's rights in the United States during the 1860s and draws appropriate comparisons and contrasts between them.
The principal struggle for civil rights related to improving the political, legal and, to a lesser extent, the economic status of blacks in the South, their emancipation from slavery and succor by the North during the Civil War (1860-1865) and their achievement of suffrage and other rights during the initial phases of Reconstruction (1865-1870). Emancipation only gradually became a central goal of Union policy during the war and its full parameters were far from settled by the time President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated. Reconstruction policy followed an even..."
