Abstract Using an imaginary story as an example, this paper illustrates the experience of going through a witch trial in the 1600s. It traces events from the arrest of the woman, interrogation, treatment in prison through to the Salem witch trials a few weeks later. The experience of the trial is also looked at in detail.
From the Paper "My name was Sarah Nurse, and I lived in Salem Village, in the year 1692. Several weeks ago, many men came to my house, and showed me a warrant for my arrest. They questioned me for some time, and then told me they were taking me to jail. Jail! For something I did not even understand. They took me away so quickly; I did not even have time to kiss my dear children and husband goodbye."
Abstract This paper presents a detailed discussion about the work of Elizabeth I and how it does not reflect the traditional view of women. The writer of this paper examines two of Elizabeth I's works; "Speech to the Troops at Tilbury" and "The Doubt of Future Foes" to illustrate the non-traditional views that they reflect.
From the Paper "During the last four decades the women's movement has worked to equalize the genders in all areas of life. Before the movement however women were not considered equal to men in most venues. Elizabeth I who resided in the 16th century, was well known for her refusal to comply with the chauvinistic attitude of her time. She was a woman who never married, and refused to allow her gender to dictate her power or goals. She was well known for her works which included poems, speeches and other words of wisdom, and even in her works she refused to give in to the gender biased that was so accepted of her time."
Abstract The paper reviews the book "The Long Loneliness" which is set during the Depression era. Dorothy Day desperately searches for some meaning and purpose to her life. This search results in her conversion to Catholicism. From then onwards, she devotes herself to community work, which is her way of staying in touch with God. Her autobiography, "The Long Loneliness" talks about the turmoil of her times, and her renewed faith in religion and God. The paper reflects on various experiences of Day's life and the lessons she learns from them.
From the Paper "Dorothy Day is and will always be remembered as one of the most prolific American writers of the Depression era. But Day was not exactly a writer, as one would conclude from the warm reviews that that her books received. She was essentially a social activist who wrote novels only to serve her life goals and objectives. "
An analysis of two books which deal with ecofeminism - "The Death of Nature" by Caroline Merchant and "The Power and the Promise of Ecological Feminism" by Karen Warren.
Abstract This essay provides a critical summary and response of the books "The Death of Nature" and "The Power and the Promise of Ecological Feminism" . The paper summarizes the main argument of each ecofeminism author. The response argues the position that nature is defenseless matter and thus subject to human domination and that women and men should be viewed as complementary of one another rather than oppositional.
From the Paper "The book "The Death of Nature" by Caroline Merchant seeks to explain the historic correlation between the supremacy of nature and women. Merchant asserts that the scientific revolution fashioned a society that perpetuates a mechanistic view of nature rather than an organic view of a feminine natural world that was in existence before the revolution. The former views nature as inert matter that is subject to human domination, while the latter view emphasizes mutual existence between the environment and human beings. (Armitage on Merchant?s; Death of Nature)"
Abstract The paper discusses and analyzes "The Awakening" by Kate Chopin, a book about a young woman, Edna Pontellier, who is restrained by her marriage and the responsibilities of being a woman in the 1800s. The paper examines the various relationships in the novel and the character of Edna before and after her 'awakening'.
From the Paper "Although it was unusual for a woman to have her own interests outside of the family, Edna, clung to her hobby of painting. She used painting as a way to further gain her freedom. Painting was the one thing that the men could not take away. It became a mechanism for escape. It took great courage for her to stand up against her husband and insist that she paint. Although it was probably unlikely for a woman to be a great painter in her time, Edna took on the hobby as a talent in which she wanted to excel."
A paper which details the contributions writers such as Mary Shelley, Ann Radcliffe and Mary Wollstonecraft made to the emancipation of female literary talent.
Abstract The paper shows that the objective during the time of revelation in early nineteenth century Britain was for British women writers to give of themselves in a more defiant manner, setting themselves apart from the calmer, more feminine climate that had heretofore inhabited British literature. The paper shows that British women writers decided they wanted to be better recognized for their inherent literary contributions without being labeled either too feminine or too masculine; rather, they wanted to write like a man without having to be branded by the stigma that typically came with it. The paper explores how authors such as Mary Shelley, Ann Radcliffe and Mary Wollstonecraft contributed to this emancipation movement.
From the Paper "Mary Shelley, Ann Radcliffe and Mary Wollstonecraft represent an era of the Romantic Period where women were beginning to come out of their literary shells and confront the strongly emotional and defiant aspects of writing that their male counterparts had harbored for so many years prior. With their guidance, subsequent British women writers were given the much-needed opportunity to express themselves in such a manner that embraced both their feminine and masculine sides."
Abstract This paper describes the emergence of different types of pornography since its inception and analyzes how it has been regulated and its affect on society as a whole.
From the Paper "The first definition found of pornography dates from 1806 (Hunt, 1996). This writer divided what we call pornography into three categories, two of them not related to sex: religious, political and moral. Because of pornography's emergence as a vehicle for criticism and its production by the most radical thinkers in a time of great change, it was viewed as a threat to the status quo, which was its authors intent (Hunt, 1996). Pornography began more as attacks on those in power than attacks on the concept of ?decency.? Thus, as Hunt reports, the history of pornography rapidly became the history of attempts to regulate pornography."
Abstract The following paper examines how India, a region that lags in social development, education and rights of women has one of the highest birth rates in the world. This paper argues that there is nothing like population control. The concept does not exist. The writer asserts that what exists is equality and empowerment in education, reproductive health and other areas as effective means of fighting the growth curve.
From the Paper "The world has a population of six billion. India alone has a population of one billion, in spite of the fact that India was the first country in the world to have a population policy. This large population is causing alarm. India is in the midst of a demographic transition, with fertility rates definitely declining, though not as fast as was expected. Population growth is the reason for every environmental problem facing India today, and many of their economic and social dilemmas as well. India, with a current estimated population of one billion and a population growth rate of 2.15%, has specifically staggering population-related problems, as one-third of the total population are subject to live below the poverty line. In addition, India's natural and environmental resources are shrinking. 53% of India's total land area is prone to soil erosion; dense and closed forests have been declining considerably and widespread water scarcity and water pollution subsist."
Abstract This paper examines the life of Margaret Sanger and the amazing work which she performed for the advancement of women's rights and status in early 20th century America. It looks at how her personal life influenced the choice of actions she chose and how her impact is still felt on women today.
From the Paper "Founder of the American birth control movement, Margaret Sanger (1879-1966) is one of the most influential, and respected, women in American history. Her crusade for birth control and family planning, while facing strong social, political, and religious opposition, created change and controversy within American society. In addition to ensuring universal availability of birth control and family planning education, her projects and research have led to the creation of organizations such as the National Organization for Women (NOW) and Planned Parenthood."
Abstract A description of the female composers who contributed to the success of the Romantic period of music (1825-1900). The paper explains that even though most of the composers of the time were male, Hensel and Schumann were talented and successful and made it to the top in their own right. It examines their different styles and how their music reflected the society and culture of the times.
From the Paper "Like other composers during this period, Hensel and Schumann were engaged with many of the important motifs of the Romantic period, including an attention to both nationalistic and what might be called "exotic" themes in music. Both this rise in nationalism and this interest in non-Western music reflected larger political and cultural events in the world. Among the most important of these was a series of revolutions that occurred in the middle of the 19th century that served as attempts for nations like Italy to free themselves from foreign rule. Germany was undergoing a different form of nationalist struggle during the middle decades of the 19th century as its leaders strove to build (for the first time) a politically unified nation."
Abstract This essay describes male and female relations in the Unites States and how roles of the female and indeed the male have changed. The paper looks at extreme feminism and attempts to offer a compromize in the war between the genders in society today.
From the Paper "Who should wash the dishes and the clothes? Who should wash the car and cook the dinner? Who should pay the bills, build houses and do the cleaning? Questions such as these cannot be effectively answered without examining the Feminist and "menist" perspectives regarding who should do what and who should not."
From the Paper " Margaret Sanger (1879-1966) was one of the great social reformers of the twentieth century. Her work to promote readily available contraceptive advice and devices and her promotion of improvements in contraceptive methods initiated a revolution in these areas and led to the organization that later became Planned Parenthood. Sanger's work was initially directed at women's control of their own reproductive capacity in the United States and England, but her scope eventually extended to much of the world. Despite her pioneering efforts, however, she has occasionally been seen by later scholars as insufficiently feminist in orientation. Such complaints are often very much present-oriented and seem to scold women of the past for failing to possess the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs held by contemporary women. They cannot, in the long run, truly detract.."
From the Paper "In spite of the massive entry of women in the workplace and the increasing numbers of women in mid-level managerial positions, top-level positions remain as elusive to women today as they were more than a decade ago. Working in a world dominated by male decision-makers and their established practices, women encounter a variety of barriers impeding their surge to the top of their careers. One of the most significant factors is cultural stereotype. To many CEOs, women cannot compete against their male counterparts because they get pregnant and are responsible for domestic tasks. Therefore, they are placed in dead-end managerial positions with no real potential of reaching the executive suite. Nonetheless, a few women, such as Carleton Fiorina who recently became the president and CEO of Hewlett-Packard Company, have managed to..."
From the Paper "This paper will discuss the accomplishments of Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton in the woman suffrage movement, focusing on the second half of the nineteenth century. The expansion of the urban middle class during the first half of the nineteenth century caused a shift in the perceived role of women in society. On family farms, the two sexes worked side by side, but in the cities men sought work outside the home while women raised the children and ran the household. Women came to be regarded as morally superior, but intellectually inferior to men. They were seen as the keepers of purity and refinement; it was held that they should dedicate their lives to creating a moral atmosphere in the home and should not be contaminated by the corrupting influences of politics. This has come to be..."
Abstract The paper defines Dysmenorrhea as "difficult menstrual flow", and shows that it is a condition that is often underrated in terms of how life altering it can be and how even the simplest daily activities can be affected. The paper examines the symptoms and treatments of this disorder and uses graphs and illustrations to present information.
From the Paper "Approximately 50% of women in the world have this disorder, but the percentage could actually be higher due to the fact that many women overlook this as a possibility for causing discomfort during menstruation. Dysmenorrhea is a common cause of recurrent absence from work, school, or other activities (Mishell et al., 1997). Dysmenorrhea mainly affects younger women, especially between the ages of 15-19, a few years after menarche, which is when one experiences menstruation for the first time. The first few menstrual cycles after menarche are anovulatory, meaning ovulation does not occur, and without ovulation this disorder is nonexistent (Baker et al., 1999)."
