Abstract The paper explains that Trinity Church (1876) remains a historical wonder of religion and beauty, but the John Hancock skyscraper is both aesthetically unpleasant and structurally unsound. The author points out that the Trinity Church heralded the signature "Richardsonian Romanesque" style of its celebrated designer, H. H. Richardson, and presented a bold, fresh, new face and feeling for ecclesiastical architecture in America. The paper relates that neighboring the Trinity Church is the modern minimalist John Hancock skyscraper (1976), by far the tallest building in all of Boston, with a facade of blue reflective glass that makes it look like a giant test tube, a bizarre juxtaposition in style and purpose.
From the Paper "The original Trinity Church in Boston was built by John Indicott in the 1700?s. However, in 1860 the Vestry voted to move the church to a new location. In January of 1872, a 24,800 square foot plot of land was purchased in Boston, having been carefully chosen as the site for the church, and soon after committee meetings began to review architectural plans for the building. Gambrill and Richardson, a firm of H. H. Richardson, was commissioned to design the church. Additional funds were set aside for the building, allowing an additional plot of land to be purchased, adding nearly 15,000 feet to the original plan. The church is surrounded on all sides by streets, not other buildings that would restrict the view of the church. In April of 1873, engineers began driving wooden pilings, most of which were completed from July to September of this year. However, the Vestry became discouraged by the building cost estimates -- ranging from a soaring $355,000 to $640,000 -- and they halted work on the building until Richardson revised his plans, capping off the new estimates around $400,000. In November of 1876, the building was finally complete, and it was paid in full by February of 1877."
This paper investigates major issues relating to tourism development strategy in the UAE, especially Dubai, which is the best-known and the fastest-growing tourist area in the Middle East.
Abstract This paper explains that the UAE is endowed with an extensive coastline fringed by white sandy beaches and a varied landscape suitable for a wide variety of activities from powerboat races to sand skiing to golf . The author suggests that, to draw more tourists to stay longer, increase spending, and make repeat visits, efforts need to be intensified to represent Dubai and UAE as exotic places with year-round events filled with a carnival atmosphere. This requires a well-planned and widely publicized tourism calendar throughout the year and well in advance. The paper stresses that tourism must be placed high on the national agenda and be given the same status as expor-oriented and infrastructure industry.
Table of Content
Background to Research Study
An Overview
Research Area of Study
Recent Development
Research Aim and Objectives + Research Questions
Research Aim
Layout of the Dissertation
Tourism Planning and Development
The History of Tourism Planning and Development in the Gulf Region
Sustainability and Tourism Development in the Middle East
Tourism as National Income Provider in Gulf States
Case Study Dubai, UAE and Middle East
History of Dubai and UAE as Tourist Destinations
Changes in Tourism Development in Dubai, UAE and Middle East
Reason for the Increase In Tourism Development of Dubai
Winning Combination
Quality of the Infrastructure
Increase in the number of Visitors
Better Partnership between Public And Private Sectors
Government Policy
Growth in Service Sectors
Germany as a Market
Expansion of Parking Bays at the Airports
Dubailand
Growth in the Non-Oil GDP
Oil Contribution
The Importance of Tourism for Dubai as a Secondary Source of Income
Obstacles to Future Tourism Development in Dubai and UAE
Changing Outlook
Transportation Network
Renovation of Tourism Product
Other Measures
From the Paper "The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a federation, consisting of seven tribally based emirates that lead the southeastern portion of the Arabian Peninsula south of Bahrain and Qatar. The federation covers 83,600 square kilometers and geographically it is enclosed on the north by the Persian Gulf and Iran, on the east by Oman, and on the south and west by Saudi Arabia. Its geographical locations separate Oman from its territory on the Musandam peninsula and extend 90 kilometers along the Gulf of Oman, an area known as the al-Batinah coast. The curse of the nature in the form of arid desert and salt flats are visible everywhere. However, Arabs are not a frustrated lot due to arid climates and blessed in the form of oil reserves by the Mother Nature. They are blessed with mountains in the northeast that rise to 1,200 meters. Due to low rainfall, there are few fertile areas except in the north and among the oases."
Abstract This paper discusses the impact that cultural events have on tourism. Specific areas described are Southeast Asia and Middle Eastern nations. It looks at how the local culture impacts tourism and is also impacted by tourism.
From the Paper "Our own cultural heritage is deeply engrained into our psychic beliefs in such a way that we may never fully understand the deep effects that it plays on our everyday lives. This cultural identity is often tested when one ventures outside of this comfort area. This often occurs when an individual travels outside their local area or country. Cultural shock is often the result of this rapid, unknown change."
Abstract This paper discusses the impact of globalization on the international tourism industry in the U.S. and abroad.
From the Paper "The globalization of the developing world by the industrialized, developed world is a large concern for these new progressing nations. This effect has been brought to light as a result of the resurrected focus on opening up these markets to free trade and tourism opportunities. Several of these nations have been caught up in a practice of isolationism, or separatism from the developed world. This has depressed their economies significantly and limited their opportunities for growth in the new age globalization. This limited horizon has recently taken a huge turn for the better in several of these countries and spurred much development and growth for these areas."
Abstract This paper examines the driving forces in the aviation industry, including a SWOT analysis and Porter's Five Forces analysis of the company's major competitors, followed by a discussion and summary of the research in the conclusion.
From the Paper "Competition in the aviation industry has always been a driving force for progress in America. Originally known as Aviation Corporation, the company that emerged from the 20th century mergers and acquisitions was American Airlines. As a result of the attacks of September 11, 2001, though, this company, the U.S. government, as well as the traveling public are all demanding tighter security at the nation's airports. While the problems with security recently highlighted by various industry analysts are not new, they have been the focus of a much more urgent debate since the country is virtually at war, both politically and economically. These attacks have hammered the aviation industry in the United States to the extent they may not recover, even in the long-term, without much more assistance from both the federal government as well as an immediate increase in the number of passengers being carried."
Tags: airbus, airlines, aviation, boeing, delta, strategic, twa, united
Abstract A lengthy and detailed examination of employee stress, particularly in the hotel and food industries. Includes a physiological explanation of stress, an analysis of the various types of stress, and several techniques for stress-management.
From the Paper "Customer Service in any industry is not easy. Everyday interaction with people addressing their needs, wants and frustrations requires the skills of tact, diplomacy and a positive attitude combined with knowledge and flexibility. As a primarily service-based industry, this is very obvious in the hospitality industry. It presents an ongoing challenge based in the fact that every situation is different because each customer is different, and the employee has virtually no control over what attitudes, needs, expectations and experiences any one guest may bring to the situation."
Abstract This paper presents a general analysis of the impact tourism development has on regional areas, both positive and negative. It uses regional Australia as an example to analyze the situation in more detail. It explains positive ecnomic developments but occasional negative social effects.
From the Paper "In recent decades, regional Australia has unquestionably been suffering from a downturn in both population and facilities (Hall, 1998, p 272). Whilst the reasons for this are many and varied, they are mostly outside the scope of this essay and thus will not be discussed here. However, it is the resultant state of this situation which highlights the benefits of tourism development to regional Australia. An increase in the urbanisation of Western society, Australia included, is responsible for the shrinkage of the agrarian society and consequent downturn in the fortunes of regional areas (Sharpley, 1999, p 285). Thus tourism development in regional Australia stimulates regional development as it promotes economic growth and employment generation. However, whilst this is the case, there are also factors that are preventing the occurrence of the tourism development of regional Australia. I will firstly discuss the benefits of regional tourism development in greater detail before proceeding with the discussion of the preventative factors."
Abstract This paper analyzes the experience of visiting Seaworld. The author states Seaworld is a sanitized version of the jungle and the beach, a pretense of wilderness. Like all theme parks, the author says Seaworld is so popular because it is a hyper-manicured unnatural environment similar to the suburb. Seaworld is highly commercialized and is niche marketing at its best.
From the Paper "However, part of both the appeal and the marketability of going to a place like Seaworld is that it speaks to something inside of us that longs for adventure. Very few of us will ever get to swim with dolphins in the ocean or to see puffins in their native nesting grounds. What a place like Seaworld does is to ofter us the sense that we have gotten to travel to distant places."
Abstract The paper shows that 220 million people pay a visit every year to the Mediterranean coastline and this is taking its toll on the environment of the area by contributing waste, marine pollution from domestic sewage, water shortages, and land degradation. The paper explores the different steps being taken to rectify the problem, such as UNEP's Mediterranean Action Plan.
From the Paper "Hotels, resorts, restaurants and other public facilities also may intoxicate the water and the living organisms by discharging untreated sewage to the sea. According to European Environment Agency, ?about 60% of urban waste disposed in the Mediterranean Sea is still untreated.? This toxic waste not only contaminates the water and deteriorates the organisms? habitat but also dropping the water quality that perhaps would be unsafe to swim or surf in, in the future if no such adequate actions are taken."
Abstract The paper shows how Lawrence Sterne's "A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy" appears at first to be a travel journal, narrated by, Yorick, a jester and a fool, taking his name and style from the famed Shakespearean scene in "Hamlet". The paper notes that a jester, like Sterne makes light of life's serious matters and are known for their wisdom. It shows how Sterne's light, self mocking tone and his humorous style combine with his serio-comic narrator to produce a serious theme. The paper shows how the experiences of Sterne's wise fool show that sympathy for others, especially for those who may seem strange or foreign, opens the human heart and that the knowledge that Yorick gains from his travels is not mental knowledge but heart knowledge which leads to universal love and friendship.
From the Paper "Sterne does not wish his writings to be considered dangerous, merely light and humorous, so he plays the fool and lets Yorick travel the world with all his foolish baggage, getting mixed up with characters from all walks and levels of life and admitting if his adventures: "I am never so perfectly conscious of the existence of a soul within me, as when I am entangled in them" (211). Yorick, wiping Maria's and his own tears alternately feels "such undescribable emotions within me, as I am sure could not be accounted for from any combinations of matter and motion." 213 Toward the end of the book Yorick enjoys "a feast of love" with a large family (221) after which he participates in the joyful "grace" of the family dance that is the best sort of thanks to heaven that an illiterate peasant (or learned prelate) could pay" (224)."
Abstract This paper examines ancient Greek hospitality and the role it played in the expansion of the Greek empire. It particularly looks at the comfort provided to travelers. The paper describes the Greek belief that good hospitality is rewarded by the help of the gods.
From the Paper "To this day I have kept this house free from harm" (Euripides, 9). This quotation from the play Alcestis, demonstrated the role of hospitality in ancient Greek life. Apollo was the god being quoted. Apollo was forced by his father Zeus, king of the gods to work as a common cattle herder. Apollo went to the house of Admetus seeking such hospitalities as food, water, and shelter. Admetus granted such hospitality and was repaid with a favor from the god. Admetus had been selected by the fates to die. Apollo had tricked the fates as a favor. Admetus was allowed to find another soul who would die in his place. However, he could find no one willing except his good wife, Alcestis. Hospitality was an idea that was created by the Greeks out of necessity that help expanded the civilization. This idea of hospitality was one that means if someone was hospitable, then he was rewarded; the reward might have been help by the gods, or the person might of made a friend or created an alliance with another city. The idea of hospitality was a vital part of ancient Greece society as was demonstrated in the play Alcestis."
Tags: greece, history, home, Euripides, god, comfort, social, apollo
Abstract The paper is presented as a report which provides an initial review of the culture and society of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The report provides demographics, background and some general recommendations for corporate policy as the company expands its business into the Middle East. Specific recommendations are provided throughout the report to emphasize key points to be addressed in the corporate guidelines to be published at a future date.
From the Paper "In 1902, Abdul Aziz Al-Sa'ud and a band of his followers captured the city of Riyadh and placed the city under the control of the Al Saud family. Abdul Aziz spent the next 12 years consolidating the area around Riyadh and the eastern part of the country into the family kingdom. In order to restore law and order in the kingdom, Abdul Aziz implemented a system whereby every sheikh was responsible for his own tribe under the authority of the king who was empowered to intervene to impose law and order. Saudi Arabia subsequently became an absolute monarchy with no political parties. King Fahd, who succeeded in 1982, appoints a Council of Ministers to run day-to-day affairs. A consultative council (Majlis as-Shura), numbering about 60, has been established to advise the monarch; it has no formal powers."
A look at the history of transport as divided into four categories - those that travel by wheels, those that travel by rails, those that travel by water, and those that travel by air.
Abstract This paper discusses these categories and shows how both current and past transportation systems fit into these four categories. It also looks at how changing technology and the changing needs of society alters the forms of these transportation systems, but not the basic means by which they travel. It concludes that the four categories remain the same, while vehicles in each continue to develop.
From the Paper "Firstly, it is necessary to define the term transport and the transportation systems that are being referred to. The term transport is defined as "to carry from one place to another" (The American Heritage Dictionary). It is also necessary to distinguish between transport and transportation systems. For example, a ladder and an escalator are means of transport, as they allows people or goods to travel from one place to another. These are not, however, transportation systems. Transportation systems are means of transport created for the mass transport of people or goods. This definition includes all the forms of transport that are used to transport people over varying distances but excludes the transports such as the ladder and the escalator, since they are not a means of mass transport. It also excludes those means of transport that are not created."
Examines financial aspects incl. Industry & market growth, airline deregulation, conflicts between travel agencies & commerical airlines. Areas of growth. Eco-tourism. Financial analysis of l travel firm. 5 figures.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 29 sources, 2001, $ 119.95
From the Paper "Selected aspects of financial management in the leisure travel and tourism market are examined. The perspective from which the selected aspects of financial management are investigates is that of a travel agency. The specific aspects of financial management in the leisure travel and tourism market examined are as follows: (1) industry and market growth; (2) effects of airline deregulation on the travel and tourism market; (3) recent conflicts between travel agencies and commercial airlines; (4) responses by travel agencies to changes made by commercial airlines in commission schedules; (5) effects of monetary policy on the travel and tourism industry; (6) financial analysis of a specific travel agency as an ..."
History of the "Mother Road." Impact of highway on trucking industry & migration to California. Architecture of Route 66 & its decline & fall. Symbolism of road.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, 2001, $ 47.95
From the Paper "Route 66, the main route from Chicago to Los Angeles in years past, began early in the 19th Century as a series of wagon trails leading settlers south and west. As time went by, these trails were linked together as a direct line to the West Coast though country that was not subject to the wild winters found in the region of the Oregon and California Trails across the upper midwest and west. In Northern Arizona, the old trail was known as the Beale Wagon Road, which cut straight across the wilderness in the 1800s. Later the railroad line followed the trail, with many small towns sprouting up along the iron track (Fox, 1).
At the beginning of the 20th century, hard topped roads leading fro..."m
