Abstract This paper aims to compare and contrast the current literature on the topic of the impact of events on the host area/country. It analyses both positive and negative impacts from different aspects, namely economic, social and cultural, physical and environmental and political. It develops further to weigh up the evidence and evaluates how far events can exert a positive impact.
Outline
Introduction
The Impact of Events
Tourism and Economic Impact
Social and Cultural Impacts
Physical and Environmental Impacts
Political Impacts
Negative Impacts
Conclusion
Recommendations
From the Paper "All events in some way reflect the culture of the place in which they are held. However, some events are held primarily for their cultural significance. Carnivals, heritage festivals, food festivals, and independence celebrations are examples of these types of events. Annual carnival celebrations in Trinidad and Tobago and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil are well known examples of huge cultural celebrations. The nation's beliefs and traditions of many cultures have come together and for a brief five days each year, the whole country forgets their differences to celebrate life. Carnival is such an important aspect of life in Trinidad that many schools believe that sponsoring a carnival band is a way to teach young people about their roots and culture. In this way, communities work together to develop stronger friendships and greater respect for the many cultures that make up Trinidad."
This paper discusses in detail information from websites that describe the tourist cities of Verona; the London areas of "Little Venice," Camden, and the Tower of London; and the city of Pisa.
7,025 words (approx. 28.1 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 157.95
Abstract This paper explains that the Internet permits the traveler to gain much information to enable the choice of destination, especially snippets of information on the history, highlights, prices of hotels, the food availability and its cost, nearest bus stops, airports and railways, the currency and its present value of the currency and special events. The author points out that on the website, 'CheapHotel.Com' the history of Verona is depicted in great detail, stating that this ancient city dates back to the time of the settlement of the Indo-European travelers who found the land in the city to be extremely fertile. The paper concludes that Internet advertising is very popular, especially in relation to travel and tourism, and the response generated from these advertisements on the Internet is ever increasing.
From the Paper "On the Internet, the Tower of London is most often presented as the very best tourist destination for the traveler. Some websites offer 'Virtual Tours', wherein after a short history of the Tower, a tour is presented to the visitor of the website, wherein they can access the time in London, the weather conditions there now, and other small details that would make this place come alive, or rather become virtually real. In addition, a 'Midi' by Barry Taylor, on 'Rule Britannia' has been added to the site whereby one can listen to it when browsing through the information offered. The current news is provided on the website in the form of the 'Tower of London Gazette' which the visitor can read if he so desires. A section entitled 'Grandma's Recipes' is also available, and one can find excellent English recipes on the pages of this site."
Abstract This paper discusses the phenomenon of Youth Hostels, with particular focus on the Youth Hostel Association in England and Wales, also known as YHA. The paper covers the history of the youth hostels movement and the organizational structure and operation of the Youth Hostels Association in England and Wales. It then looks at the objectives, present state, and future plans of the YHA. It asks whether youth hostels are only for the young and how the changing business environment is likely to affect future growth of the YHA.
From the Paper "The history of the youth hostel dates back to the early 20th century when Richard Schirrmann, a German elementary school teacher, founded the first youth hostel in 1909. Schirrmann was fond of organizing trips and outdoor excursions for his students in order to enable young people living in industrial cities to enjoy the countryside. As the story goes, during one of these excursions in the countryside, a sudden rainstorm forced him and his students to seek shelter in an empty school. It was then that Schirrmann hit upon the idea of using schools that were empty during holidays as hostels for young people travelling in groups in the countryside. The idea became very popular in Germany within a short time, and by the 1930s there were more than two thousand hostels in the country. The concept soon spread to other parts of Europe and later to the rest of the world following the formation of the International Youth Hostel Federation in 1932. ("History of..." 2004)"
Abstract This paper explains that Irish Dude Ranch Vacations intends to unite the traditions of Western riding in the United States with the centuries-old expertise in equestrian sports of the Republic of Ireland to create a unique 'adventure vacation' for Americans, then for Canadians, then Australians, and then the rest of the globe. The initial marketing efforts to European nationals will be much more modest. The author points out that the Irish component will be arranged by contract, and all Irish personnel will be Irish nationals managed by the Irish Riding Centre, which is the first of several intended locations for the vacation packages. The paper states that very little investment is required on either side of the Atlantic, and yet it can tap into a very large and arguably underserved market because, in particular, Western riding, as opposed to European-style riding, is an active sport that can be enjoyed by almost anyone, regardless of physical condition. Chart. Illustrations
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
Vision and Mission Statements
Company Overview
Company History and Format
Basic Activities of the Business
Operating Hours
The Primary Service
Objectives
Current Status
Company Principals
Outsourcing or In-House?
Organizational Chart
Relationship Management Plan
Relationship Management Goals and Objectives
Who is Responsible for Managing Relationships within the Organization?
Who will Maintain Supply Relationships Outside of the Organization?
Reasons for this Choice
Political, Economic and Union Alliances
Diversity Management Plan
Importance of a Diversity Plan
Objectives and Goals of the Plan
Minority Groups to be Courted
Program Monitor
How are the Employees Trained?
Marketing Plan
Advertising Media
Our Service vs. the Competition
Email Marketing
Marketing Slide (Advertisement)
Products/Services Plan
Location Photos
Financial Plan
Operating Plan
Conclusion
From the Paper "The vision of Irish Dude Ranch Vacations is to make a memorable, exciting, but safe active vacation experience possible for large segments of the population currently underserved in that area; those with less than optimal physical conditions and those who are quite young and quite old. The mission of the company is to introduce would-be riders of all sorts to horses and to Ireland, both of which are extremely spiritual and completely humanizing. The intention of this company is to make a good living for all concerned-including the horses in terms of excellent upkeep and training, and no overuse-and to do it by maintaining reasonable prices that make it affordable for great segments of the global population who might otherwise not get a chance to ride a horse or see an exotic and beautiful country."
Tags: western, tradition, adventure, woman, internet
Abstract This paper explains that, having been between legal and illegal for part of its existence and, at times, closely connected to the Mafia, lately, the image of the casino gambling industry has changed, combining gambling with entertainment and unusual architecture to attract larger numbers of consumers. The author points out that the amount of money people spend on a trip to Vegas or a simple evening in a casino is directly related to the income level of the population; therefore, the economic component of the market has the greatest impact on the casino gambling industry. The paper relates that an important target market is professional gamblers, who are generally rich or very rich persons, who regularly spend large amounts of money at the tables, who enjoy luxurious treatment, and who are most likely to go to the casinos at Monte Carlo rather than Los Vegas.
Table of Contents
The Macro-Environment
Marketing Objectives
The Casino Gambling Industry
Target Market
The Marketing Mix
Place
Promotion
Price
Product
Conclusion
From the Paper "The demographic component does not actually affect the casino gambling industry. Perhaps only in terms of an ascendant trend in population growth, which would mean a higher probability that people may go gambling. Another opportunity, however, is provided by an increase of families. I am asserting this because, in the last years at least, it is ever more often that family groups go to cities like Vegas or Atlantic City and spend an amount of money on gambling. As for the geographical distribution, referring here to a urban or rural distribution, it is often the case that urban people gamble more in casinos than rural dwellers. As such, an increase in the number of people who live in the city will certainly be considered an opportunity."
Abstract This paper explains that the press is a good way to get the word out on such attractions and benefits for travelers coming to Australia, featuring natural wonders, historical sites, low prices, resorts and hotels and other amenities. The author points out that a story in the "Canberra Times" reminds motorists that they can expect to pay more in gas prices soon, which will reduce internal tourism among Australians in their own country. The paper relates that articles about threats of terrorism or disease can have an effect on tourism, but these effects tend to be short-lived, diminishing as the direct threat diminishes and as public confidence is restored by governmental action.
From the Paper "An examination of a number of publications over a period of a month or so shows that there is much interest in the idea of travel and in specific stories about tourism, hotels and resorts, travel to different parts of the world, and the perils of travel as well as the joys. Various businesses involved in travel or hospitality are also profiled both as businesses, asking questions about how well they are performing, and as destinations or means of travel, addressing the concerns of travelers. These stories provide information for Australians traveling to other destinations and extol the virtues of Australian destinations as well."
Abstract This paper provides an overview of the hospitality industry and professional hotel management companies and a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of such contractual arrangements, followed by an assessment of what steps a hotel management company can take to ensure its success. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion.
Outline
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Hotel Management Companies
Advantages of Hotel Management Companies
Disadvantages of Hotel Management Companies
Steps to Hotel Management Company Success
Conclusion
From the Paper "Competitive advantage generally refers to one or more aspects of an enterprise that provide it with an edge over its competition in some fashion. Based on Prahalad and Hamel's assessment, Susan Jurow offers three tests to identify a company's core competencies to help it achieve such an advantage: 1) it provides long-term strategic advantage; 2) it contributes to customer benefit; 3) and it is difficult for others to imitate (Jurow 1996, p. 300). Applying this analysis to the hospitality industry shows that while most industries are expected to recover from the shock of September 11, the tourism industry could suffer the most permanent job losses and identifying such core competencies is therefore imperative. "
Abstract This paper explains that Mardi Gras can be traced back to Bacchus festivals of ancient Greece and Rome, where the carnival became popular in the middle of the second century. It also look at how it was popular in North America where the Creoles in the 1800s introduced it to New Orleans. The author points out that the New Orleans celebration includes a carnival parade of floats, which first were presented by the Comus krewe in 1857, bands and colorfully dressed marchers who belong to one of the seventy various krewes (carnival groups) in the metropolitan New Orleans of which ten have operated continuously for more than a century. The paper relates that the Rex krewe initiated the tossing of beads and toys to those who attended the parade in 1920, while greatly expanded the bead industry especially in China.
From the Paper "Are Mardi Gras traditions viable in Asian countries like Hong Kong? Hong Kong is a free market economy, the special administrative region of China, which is highly dependent on international trade. Recent statistics show that its natural resources are limited and its raw materials and food have to be imported. It had extensive trade and investment in China even before it reverted to Chinese administration in July 1997. The Asian economic brunt of 1998 hit Hong Kong quite hard and reduced its GDP, but many see its growth as recovering at 1.8% and 3.7% in the 2000s, comparable to the four big countries of Western Europe. Per pre-2000 figures, Hong Kong's GDP consisted mostly of services at 85%, with a 4% inflation rate, 3.36 million Its chief industries were textiles, clothing, tourism, electronics, plastics, toys, watches and clocks. Hopes could not altogether be pinned on China's regain of control over Hong Kong."
Abstract This paper explains that the Great Lakes Basin offers an abundance of ecological points to support ecotourism; moreover, if ecotourism becomes an important economic and social factor, it will have a positive affect on some of the ecological concerns of the region. The author points out that the tourism industry in the Great Lakes Basin is stagnated and the most appealing method to this revitalizing program is ecotourism, which would bring tourism to the area to generate both income to continue conservation efforts and interest in conserving the Great Lakes Basin's ecosystem and historic sites. The paper states that the first thrust of developing an ecotourism program is to survey Canadians and visitors to determine their interest in eco-travel and to evaluate potential financial benefits and to create an agency to manage ecotourism efforts in the Great Lakes Basin. Tables, charts, maps and illustrations.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Sustainability, Community Interest, Marketing and Mapping
Exotic Biologicals of Interest to Tourism and Ecotourism
Tourism Policies: Legal Issues Affecting Tourism Development in the Area
Tourism Statistics
Canoeing, Kayaking and Sailing
Power Boating
Recreational Fishing
Swimming
Most Popular Sports
Recommendations for Short, Medium and Long Terms
Ontario Tourism Forecast
Short-Term Recommendation
Medium- Term Recommendation
Long- Term Recommendation
Assorted Maps Useful for Planning Ecotourism
From the Paper "In addition to the scientific ecotourism potential in this species migration (and the list above is a very small part of it), there is the land-based cultural aspect, particularly sustainable if exploited because "the history of exploration, colonization, settlement, and commercial development of the Great Lakes by European settlers spans almost four centuries. Throughout this period, non-indigenous aquatic animal and plant species have been introduced both intentionally and accidentally." Here, cultural history also enters the picture because, for medicinal purposes, early settlers imported non-native plants, such as bittersweet nightshade (Solanum dulcamara) as well as importing favored edibles, such as watercress (Rorippa nasturtium aquaticum), which thrived in the new environment, pushing out older native species."
Abstract Backpacking is often regarded as an activity which is undertaken only by those people who have a deep love for the outdoors, adventure or for roughing it out. However, while it is true that backpacking is not for the fainthearted, it is an activity that perhaps everyone should try at least once in his or her lifetime, for backpacking can prove to be an enormously rewarding experience. It is the objective of this paper to describe the benefits of backpacking as well as explore some of its more practical aspects.
From the Paper "If backpacking allows a traveler to closely experience the environment and cultures in different parts of the world, it appears that backpacking in the wilderness may be the best way to commune with Nature. In America, for instance, there are still many wild spots with beautiful scenery that are best experienced by backpacking. Bialeschki, a professor in the Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies at UNC-Chapel Hill, says that even the crowded Eastern Seaboard has such places: "A night spent along the banks of the roaring Linville River, in a gorge capable of generating its own microclimate.... Unlike most of the rest of the region, it's a place little changed since the European invasion." (Miller, 2003)"
A look into the role of the Coney Island area and attractions from its beginnings as a retreat for New Yorkers in the late 1800s to a thriving amusement park that peaked in the mid 1900s.
Abstract This paper discusses the importance of the Coney Island area historically and as a symbol of New York City. The first section deals with the rich history of Coney Island, beginning as a hotel resort for New Yorkers to visit during vacations. Coney Island landmarks, such as the Coney Island Elephant Hotel and The Iron Tower are discussed with their individual history given. The competition among New York businessmen to develop the area is also investigated, showing how rivals would fight each other viciously over the prime real estate. The paper then talks about the amusement park era and how Coney Island began to transform itself into a nationally recognized location. A section of the paper is also dedicated to the famous Coney Island Freak Show. Finally, the historical section of the paper ends with the lag in business that hit the area after World War II and how Coney Island exists in modernity as a throwback to past generations. The second section of the paper deals with how Coney Island has become a center of cultural pride for New Yorkers.
From the Paper "Coney Island represented a shift from the old Victorian mentality that many New Yorkers felt during most of the 1800s and into a new outlook of association that contained all citizens of New York City, not just the rich. The privilege of enjoyment was no longer reserved for those with money, but the low prices and massive amount of commercialism that Coney Island would become famous for would aid in the evolution of the city into becoming the representation of all that is America. In light of this optimism, Coney Island also had a darker side. Despite the cultural diversity and economic success the amusement center produced, the achievements concealed the exploitation of certain groups and the corruption that went along with the construction of such a major center of entertainment."
Abstract This is a broad and far-reaching study on the relationship between tourism and air transport. In examining this relationship the paper looks at whether the deregulation of air transport has influenced the tourist destination countries in South Europe and to what extent and examines the impacts of deregulation on capacity and fares. The study also attempts to determine whether deregulation has has caused growth in the market and attempts to determine the integral relationship between the transport and the overall tourist experience. Finally, this paper studies the impacts of the tourism transport at the destination areas. Included with the paper is an extensive list of tables and figures.
Background
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Importance of the Study
Scope of the Study
Objectives of the Study
Limitations of the Study
Rationale for the Study
Overview of the Study
The Parallel Growth of Air Transport and Tourism
Structural differences
The Impact on Tourism
Effect of Split Charter/Scheduled Flights
Cyprus
UK
Turkey
Malta
Spain
Greece
Methodology
Research Design and Approach
Population and Sample
Collection and Tabulation of Data
Data Analysis Procedure
Reliability and Validity of the Data
Analysis of the Data
Summary, Recommendations and Conclusion
From the Paper "The current study uses both quantitative and qualitative methodological processes to analyze the issue and works to determine what deregulation of the air transport industry has done to the tourism industry. This is very important to those that work for air transport companies, and equally important to those that work in tourism. The conclusions that are found here will provide answers to potential problems that have been seen throughout the tourism industry for some time with a focus on the five specific countries that have been selected by the researcher for this particular purpose."
Abstract This paper deals primarily with convention and exhibition business as it pertains to China and discusses some of the problems that the industry faces due to a lack of perceived understanding. The first chapter examines the statement of the problem and provides details about why a study of this nature is necessary. In chapter two, the literature on the subject is reviewed. Since there is not enough literature to provide a comprehensive account of convention and exhibition business when it comes to China, other countries are looked at in the form of case studies and these are compared to China. The paper shows that China would do well to merge its convention and exhibition industry and its tourism industry as much as possible and that other countries may also want to examine the idea of doing this. The third chapter deals with the methodology of the issue and how the study itself was conducted. What kind of data was collected, as well as where it came from and how it will be analyzed are all important issues discussed in chapter three, which provides a strong lead-in for chapter four, where the data that was collected is actually analyzed. This analysis is at the heart of the study, and the research questions that were created in chapter one are dealt with again in light of the information collected. In the last chapter, the information is summarized and conclusions are drawn about the issue. The recommendations for future research into the area of convention and exhibition business in China are also provided.
Table of Contents
Chapter One
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions and Objectives
Objectives:
Research Questions:
Importance of the Study
Significance of the Study
Rationale for the Study
Limitations of the Study
Reliability and Validity of the Data
Summary
Chapter Two
Review of the Literature
The Background of Convention and Exhibition Tourism in China
Why Attend Conventions and Exhibitions?
The Relationship between the Convention and Exhibition Industry and the Tourism Industry
Convention and Exhibition Tourism's Actuality and Foreground in China
Potential Pitfalls of Chinese Convention and Exhibition Tourism
Reviewing the Tourism Industry Information
Chapter Three
Methodology
Data Collection
The Study Population
The Nature of the Data
How the Data will be Analyzed
Relevant Research Ethics
Chapter Four
Data Analysis
Chapter Five
Summary, Recommendations and Conclusions
References and Bibliography
From the Paper "Conventions and exhibitions should be studied with relation to the tourism industry. On the inside, incentive travel, exhibition participation, and reception service of receiver are traditional tourism categories in general. The argument is that the convention and exhibition industry also pertains to the tourism industry category. Dai (2003) notes that examination, approving, and holding of conventions and exhibitions are all started from an external economic trade department and correlative function department in China. Accordingly, many people regard 'tourism of after convention and exhibition participation' as one part of the tourism industry but they do not consider that the collectivity of conventions and exhibitions is composed of urban tourism. This is, on the whole, a very narrow perspective, and there are reasons why the researcher believes this."
Abstract This paper presents a research proposal which discusses the importance of having high-level quality service for tourists in Greece. It explains that following the mass terror attacks in the U.S. and Europe over recent years, identifying an appropriate combination of security levels while maintaining the accessibility of the attractions that make a destination interesting to begin with, has assumed increasing importance today.
Importance of Study
The Hospitality Industry in Thessaloniki, Greece: Current and Future Trends
Aims, Objectives, and Expected Outcomes of Study
Research Methodology
Bibliography
From the Paper "Travel and tourism are the largest industries in the world (Tarlow 2003). "From leisure to business travel and/or business plus pleasure travel, this modem industry plays a major role in economies around the globe" (Tarlow 2003, p. 52). In societies where travel has become dangerous and global products are available locally, the need to travel will diminish in the future. Likewise, the increased use of technology means that more meetings and conferences will be held in offices instead of convention centers. As a result, communities that have based their economic future solely on travel and tourism may find themselves in very difficult financial situations (Tarlow 2002). Furthermore, in the wake of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 (Elkin 2001), and the current uneasy state of affairs in Europe and the Middle East, increasing security will be a must for air carriers, hotels, restaurants, and other services (Tarlow 2002). Unfortunately, increased security also can represent an impediment for luxury destinations (Holliday 2002)."
Abstract This paper attempts to shed light on the issue of the quality of tourism and the satisfaction of tourism customers. In an effort to better understand this issue, the paper examines the difference between satisfaction and service quality from a global vs. transactional viewpoint. The paper also looks at how differences in comparison standards and actual experiences also affect the satisfaction of tourism customers and the quality of service.
Difference between Satisfaction and Service Quality Based on Global vs.
Transactional Viewpoint
Differences Based on Comparison Standards
Differences Based on Actual Experiences
Differences Based on Other Factors
Conclusion
From the Paper "Tourism, as an industry that transcends several other industries in their own right, is difficult to quantify. Added to that, there is the problem of the consumer. Because of the variety of inputs to any tourist experience (Cater, 1995, p. 20+), and the variety of experiences a tourist may bring to travel, what constitutes quality for one tourist in one situation will be very different from what constitutes quality for another in the same or a different situation."
