Ultrasound Imaging

Paper Summary:

This paper examines how ultrasound imaging, also known as ultrasound scanning or sonography is the viewing of images of the interior of the body by the use of high-frequency sound waves and how it is useful to visualize various organs of the body as well as the vascular system. It looks at how ultrasound is useful in the imaging department to visualize any pathology in body structures including the head, eyes, neck, heart, breast, abdominal and pelvic organs. It also discusses how in the vascular department, vessels in the head, neck, abdomen and extremities can be visualized for any abnormality. The paper also examines how numerous advances have enhanced the diagnostic capabilities of ultrasound ad how these include the use of intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), real-time sonoelastography and microbubble contrast agents. The paper includes pictures of ultrasounds.

Outline:
Introduction
Uses of Ultrasound in the Imaging Department
Uses of Ultrasound in the Vascular Department
Advances in Ultrasound
Conclusion

From the Paper:

"Microbubble contrast agents allow the dynamic detection of both the macro and microvasculature tissue flow. The clinical roles of contrast enhanced ultrasound includes: echocardiography (endocardial border detection and myocardial perfusion), radiology (focal disease of the liver), abdominal trauma (rapid assessment of injury to the liver, spleen and kidneys), malignancies (infarcts, ischemia and regions of abnormal vascularity), ovarian carcinomas (detection of neovascularisation), neovascularisation of atheromatous plaques and in aggressive joint inflammation (Cosgrove 2006), renal diseases (complicated cysts, arterial infarction and masses in the collecting system and renal vein), rheumatology (monitoring and optimizing the effectiveness of therapy), early detection of tumor recurrence, lung disease (characterizing non-ventilated tissues and interventional procedures), vascular (arterial stenosis), and detection of sentinel lymph nodes (Weskott 2008.)"

Sample of Sources Used:

• Baby Java. www.babyjava.net/images/ultrasound-sac.jpg
• Cosgrove D. 2006. Ultrasound contrast agents: an overview. Eur J Radiol. 60(3):324-30.
• Gosmanova EO, Wu S, and WC.O'Neill 2009. Application of ultrasound in nephrology practice. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 16(5):396-404.
• Harvey CJ, Pilcher JM, Eckersley RJ, Blomley MJ, and D.O Cosgrove 2003. Advances in ultrasound. Clin Radiol. 57(3):157-77.
• Irisawa A, Hikichi T, Shibukawa G, Takagi T, Imamura H and H. Ohira 2009. Interventional endoscopic ultrasonography: applications for cancer related treatment. Dig Endosc. 57-60.

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• Case Study # 117087 : "Prostate Cancer"

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