The Human Papilloma Virus

Term Paper # 105223

Medical and Health > Public Health Issues
Women Studies

An exploration of the etiology of human papilloma virus (HPV) and whom it affects in the general population.

1,511 words () | 6 sources | APA | 2008 United States

Paper Summary:

The paper summarizes three articles on the topic of the human papilloma virus (HPV): "Quadrivalent HPV Recombinant Vaccine (Gardasil) for the Prevention of Cervical Cancer" by Angie L. Goeser, "The Effect of Prophylactic Human Papillomavirus L1 Virus-Like-Particle Vaccine on Risk of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 2, Grade 3, and Adenocarcinoma in Situ: A Combined Analysis of four Randomized Clinical Trials" by S. Kjaer M. Lehtinen G. Perez and L. Villa and "Efficacy of a Quadrivalent Prophylactic Human Papillomavirus L1 Virus-Like-Particle Vaccine Against High-Grade Vulval and Vaginal Lesions: A Combined Analysis of Three Randomised Clinical Trials" by Mauricio Hernandez-Avila and Elmar A. Joura, Sepp Leodolter and Cosette M. Wheeler. The paper
discusses the articles' tremendous implications for health care and community health education. The paper then explains that cervical cancer is the second most common cause of cancer and resulting cancer death in women worldwide. The paper explains further that since the yearly Pap smear given to women cannot detect certain types of cancerous cells or lesions, the need for this type of vaccine to prevent HPV-related diseases is sorely needed.

Outline:
Three Literature Reviews:
Article One
Article Two
Article Three
Implications for Health Care and Community Health Education Based on the Studies' Conclusions

From the Paper:

"Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has been "identified at a higher rate in the tissue of women diagnosed with cervical cancer than among nonaffected controls (citing Salmeron et al, 2003; Balmes, Ritz, & Tager, 2005, p. 245). The disease can cause pathologies including, but not limited to, pain during intercourse, chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, genital warts, and penile, anal, cervical, and vulvar carcinoma (Immerman & Mackey, 1997, p. 443; Lytwyn & Sellors, 1997, p. 113). The disease is believed to be sexually transmitted and is the "second most common cause of cancer and cancer death in women worldwide, with 80% of cases occurring in the developing world...95% of cancers of the uterine cervix are caused by certain types of human papillomaviruses" (citing Franco 1994; Lytwyn & Sellors, 1997, p. 113). Although Papanicolaou (Pap) tests have led to the decrease in mortality rates caused by cervical cancer, approximately 230,000 women per year die from the disease worldwide (Kjaer, Lehtinen, Perez, & Villa, et al, 2007, p. 1861)"

Sample of Sources Used:

Balmes, John, and Ritz, Beate, and Tager, Ira (2005). Can Lessons from Public Health Disease Surveillance Be Applied to Environmental Public Health Tracking? Environmental Health Perspectives, 113(3), 243-250.
Goeser, Angie L. (2007). Quadrivalent HPV Recombinant Vaccine (Gardisil) for the Prevention of Cervical Cancer. American Family Physician, 76(4), 573-574.
Hernandez-Avila, Mauricio, and Joura, Elmar A., and Leodolter, Sepp, and Wheeler, Cosette M. (2007). Efficacy of a Quadrivalent Prophylactic Human Papillomavirus (Types 6, 11, 16, and 18) L1 Virus-Like-Particle Vaccine Against High-Grade Vulval and Vaginal Lesions: A Combined Analysis of Three Randomised Clinical Trials. The Lancet, 369(9574), 1693-1702.
Immerman, Ronald S, and Mackey, Wade C. (1997). Establishing a Link Between Cultural Evolution and Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 123(4), 441-461.
Kjaer, S., and Lehtinen, M., and Perez, G., and Villa, L., et al. (2007). Effect of Prophylactic Human Papillomavirus L1 Virus-Like-Particle Vaccine on Risk of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 2, Grade 3, and Adenocarcinoma in Situ: A Combined Analysis of four Randomised Clinical Trials. The Lancet, 369(9576), 1861-1868.