Paper Summary:

The paper looks at the traditional and modern policing function, the modern court system and the function of an effective penal corrections system. The paper emphasizes how while they maintain distinctly different specific roles, each function is mutually dependent on the other two components for its optimal contribution to criminal justice. The paper also points out that in contemporary law enforcement, the additional demands presented by terrorism concerns only increase the importance of integrating all individual criminal justice and law enforcement functions as efficiently as possible.

Outline:
Introduction
Policing
Justice Administration
Corrections
Conclusion

From the Paper:

"In many ways, the policing function is the most fundamental role of the criminal justice system. Wholly apart from its responsibilities in the realm of crime, the police function is necessary if civil laws, rules, and regulations are to have any meaningful effect. Even in strictly non-criminal commercial and other transactions and contractual relationships, it is ultimately only the implied threat of criminal enforcement through the policing function of civil monetary judgments and negotiated rights and obligations that ensures compliance with judicial decisions (Schmalleger, 2008).
"The traditional focus of policing has always been the deterrence, prevention, and detection of crime. However, at an even more basic everyday-level, policing functions ensure compliance with municipal ordinances either by virtue of potential arrest for violations or of the eventual criminal consequences of the failure to pay punitive fines levied in response to the failure to comply with the laws of society (Schmalleger, 2008). Without the policing function, those who comply with the laws of society would have no way of ensuring that other do as well. Likewise, without the policing function, punitive fines would be incapable of motivating compliance simply because there would be no consequences of refusing to pay fines."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Carlson, J. A. "Demands on Police Services in a WMD Incident" FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin; Vol. 77, No. 3: 1-6 (March 2008).
• Carter, D. L. "The Law Enforcement Intelligence Function: State, Local, and Tribal Agencies" FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin; Vol. 74, No. 6: 1-9 (June 2005).
• Johnson, B. R. "A Look at Fusion Centers: Working Together to Protect America" FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin; Vol. 76, No.12: 28-32 (December 2007).
• Safir, H. (2003). Security: An Inside Look at the Tactics of the NYPD. New York: St. Martin's Press.
• Schmalleger, F. (2008). Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century. New Jersey: Prentice Hall

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