Paper Summary:

The paper looks at "Losing Ground", an analysis that examines the affordability of higher education in the United States, from a consequentialist view. The paper focuses on three national trends addressed by this report; the increase in tuition has made colleges and universities less affordable for most American families, federal and state financial aid to students has not kept pace with increases in tuition, and students and families are borrowing more than ever before to pay for college.

Outline:
Introduction
Overview of Chapter 7, Losing Ground
The Main Arguments of Losing Ground
Summary

From the Paper:

""Losing Ground" is an analysis that examines the affordability of higher education in the United States. The report is published by the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education (herein referred to as NCPPHE or National Center), a non-profit, non-partisan organization whose main advocacy is to stimulate public policies that will improve the effectiveness and accessibility of higher education (NCPPHE, 2002). The findings of the report are based on multiple data sources. It contains information on both public and private education, but with emphasis on public colleges and universities, and the implications of the findings on state policies for affordable higher education.
"In this report, the principal basis for assessing the affordability of higher education is to examine tuition and other costs of attending college vis a vis family income. According to the author/s, this perspective best captures the reality of what it really means to pay for college (NCPPHE, 2002). The analysis suggests that most families today, compared to those of 20 years ago, must spend a larger proportion of their income to pay for college. Factors that appear to contribute to this trend include budget cuts in higher education funding, tuition increase, and misappropriation of institutional financial aid. As a result, more students and families at all income levels are borrowing more than ever in order to pay for a college education (NCPPHE, 2002). Thus, the conclusion of the author/s on the issue of higher education affordability is that Americans are "losing ground." (NCPPHE, 2002)."

Sample of Sources Used:

• National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education (2002). Losing Ground: A National Status Report on the Affordability of American Higher Education. Retrieved September 7, 2009, from, http://www.highereducation.org/reports/losing_ground/ar.shtml
• National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education (2000). Measuring up 2000: The State by State Report Card for Higher Education. Retrieved September 9, 2009. from, http://measuringup.highereducation.org/2000/highlights2.htm
• Nolt, J. (n.d.). Prescriptive Reasoning. Retrieved September 8, 2009, from, http://web.utk.edu/~nolt/courses/prescrip.html

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