The 14th Amendment

Paper Summary:

This paper explains that, after the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that discrimination against African-Americans by private persons could be regarded as imposing slavery or involuntary servitude against them. The author describes the process that led to the creation and ratification of the 14th Amendment and outlines its powers. The author also presents Supreme Court cases and federal legislation based on this amendment, which supported anti-discrimination and the civil rights movement for not only African-Americans, but also all ethnic groups and new immigrants.

From the Paper:

"However, the Great Depression could be viewed as an event which truly helped black Americans, for it became necessary for the federal government to provide many of the necessities for life to those who were either trapped in abject poverty or had lost their jobs as a result of the stock market crash of 1929. For example, the federal government and the Roosevelt Administration provided food, employment, housing, old age dependency and to some extend health benefits to all Americans, including African-Americans who had been the most hard-hit by the Great Depression which lasted from 1929 to roughly 1941, when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Berger, Raoul. "The Fourteenth Amendment: The Framer's Design." South Carolina Law Review. Vol. 30 no. 3 (1979): 495-509.
• Chemerinsky, Erwin. "The Supreme Court and the Fourteenth Amendment: The Unfulfilled Promise." Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review. 25 (1992): 1143-1158.
• Hughes, James A. "Equal Protection and Due Process: Contrasting Methods of Review Under Fourteenth Amendment Doctrine." Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review. Vol. 14 no. 2 (1979): 529-574.
• Koppleman, Andrew and Donald Rebstock. "On Affirmative Action and Truly Individualized Consideration." Northwestern University Law Review. Vol. 2 no. 1 (December 14, 2006): 235-237.
• Perry, Michael J. "The Fourteenth Amendment and the Supreme Court." Loyola University Chicago Law Review. Vol. 38 (2006): 101-110.

More papers on The 14th Amendment:

• Book Review # 119545 : "Gideon's Trumpet" and the 14th Amendment"
• Research Paper # 93053 : "The 14th Amendment"
• Term Paper # 147462 : "A review of the14th Amendment"

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