Stuttering

Paper Summary:

The paper discusses how the incidence of stuttering is low and usually resolves itself by the time an individual reaches adulthood. The paper relates that five times as many men as women stutter, a factor that has led some researchers to conclude that there is a powerful cultural element at play. The paper shows that while stuttering cannot be cured in the traditional sense, adult stutterers today can obtain formal fluency training assistance and can make the fundamental changes in thinking that may have contributed to the onset of the problem from the outset.

Outline:
Review and Discussion
Conclusion

From the Paper:

"Stuttering, or dysphemia (the term is seldom used) (Wingate, 1997), is a speech defect that affects both the fluency and rhythm of speech; the condition is characterized by involuntary repetition of sounds or syllables and the intermittent blocking or prolongation of sounds, syllables, and words (Gibbons & Sims, 2006). There appears to be some type of anticipatory element involved in stuttering, with adult stutterers being able to accurately predict 95 percent of the words over which they will stutter in reading aloud a given passage before doing so; this factor has led some researchers to believe that when adult stutterers anticipate having problems with certain words, it acts like a self-fulfilling prophecy that actually produces the stuttering (Gibbons & Sims, 2006)."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Attanasio, J. S., & Packman, A. (2004). Theoretical issues in stuttering. New York: Taylor & Francis.
• Boberg, E. (1993). Neuropsychology of stuttering. Edmonton, Alberta: University of Alberta Press.
• Fitzgerald, H. E., & Greiner, J. R. (1992). Bimanual handwriting reveals delayed interhemispheric integration in childhood stuttering. Developmental Neuropsychology, 8(4), 396.
• Gibbons, J. L., & Sims, A. C. (2006). Stuttering. In Encyclopaedia Britannica premium service. Retrieved November 26, 2006, from Encyclopaedia Britannica Online: http://www. britannica.com/.
• Goff, K. G. (2000, August 6). Stuttering: Tongue in cheek. The Washington Times, 1.

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