Preventing Fatalities in Confined Spaces

Paper Summary:

The paper discusses the statistics of worker deaths where 60% of these are deaths of would-be rescuers. The paper explains that the lack of established rescue procedures and the workers failing to follow technical data provided are among the causes of the fatalities. The paper therefore presents a manual that discusses entry, confined space entry, entry permit, enclosed area, hazards and safe entry. The manual contains an emergency response plan and roles, ten requirements for fuel systems confined space, guidelines for fuel systems safety and an occupational, physical and respiratory protection program.

Outline:
Introduction
Entry, Confined Space Entry, Entry Permit
Enclosed Area, Oxygen Deficient Atmosphere, Safe Entry
The Entry Chief, Entrant, Attendant, Runner and Monitor
Requirements for Training
Maintenance Requirements
Conclusion

From the Paper:

"Entry is any act, which results in any part of an employee's body breaching the plane of the opening of a confined space or enclosed area (Porter). It includes any ensuing work in a confined space or enclosed area. Entry into a fuel tank can be in the form of fuel leaks, structural problems, fuel quantity problems, or NDI inspections (Porter)."
"A confined space is one that is large enough for a body to enter, has limited means for entry or exit, and is not designed for continuous occupancy (Porter). A confined space must meet all these three conditions in order to be considered a confined space. All aircraft fuel tanks are considered "permit-required" confined spaces, according to T.O 1-1-3. Center-wing dry bay will be tested with 514 Bacharach before entry for inspection or fuel maintenance (Porter)."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Baird, R. L. (1996). Fire protection and health program. Air Force Occupational and Environmental Safety. 58 pages. Retrieved January 31, 2007 from http://www.epublishing.af.mil/pubfiles/af/91/afi91-301/afi91-301.pdf
• Breed, P. (1998). Respiratory protection program. Air Force Occupational Safety and Health 48-138. Aerospace Medicine. 37 pages. Retrieved January 31, 2007 from http://152.229.169.35/pubs/info_asp?shorttitle=30SWI48-103
• Millar, J. Donald. (1986). Preventing occupational fatalities in confined spaces. NIOSH Publications 80-110. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 9 pages. Retrieved January 31, 2007 from http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/86110v2.html
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (2007). Safety and health regulations for construction. US Department of Labor. 6 pages. Retrieved January 31, 2007 from http://152.229.169.35/pubfiles/af/ic/afi11-2c-130vc_pc1.pdf
• Porter, D. Space training program. Microsoft Power Presentation

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