Liver and Gall Bladder

Paper Summary:

This paper discusses the liver and hepatobiliary system in terms of clinically relevant anatomy. The relevant physiology in relation to these organs is also discussed as well as pathological disorders associated with each.

Outline
Anatomy
Physiology
Main Pathological Disorders
Summary

From the Paper:

"The liver is a vital organ for altering the activity of foreign substances such as drugs and toxins. This is accomplished mainly through an enzyme system called the cytochrome P450 complex in the liver cells. Drugs and toxins within the bloodstream are filtered through the liver cells and metabolized. The liver cells detoxify the blood by adding groups to the substances that makes them inactive or more water- or fat-soluble, where they can be safely excreted through the urinary system or digestive system. Alternatively, these substances can be broken down by certain enzymes, rendering them inactive. Some drugs, however, utilize the catabolic nature of the liver in order to convert less active or initially inert drugs into their active metabolites. "

Sample of Sources Used:

• Bonheur, JL. (2006). Biliary obstruction. eMedicine.com. Retrieved December 6, 2006 from http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic3426.htm
• Gray, H. (2000). Gray's anatomy of the human body. (20th ed). New York: Bartleby.com. Retrieved December 5, 2006 from http://www.bartleby.com/107/
• Schwartz, SI. (1999). Liver. In SI Schwartz, GT Shires, FC Spencer, JM Daly, JE Fischer & AC Galloway (Eds.), Principles of Surgery (pp. 1395-1435). (7th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
• Schwartz, SI, Shires, GT, Spencer, FC, Daly, JM, Fischer, JE & Galloway, AC. (Eds.). (1999). Principles of Surgery. (7th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

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