Industrialization

Paper Summary:

In this paper, the writer discusses that during the 19th century, the application of science to inventions started the Industrial Revolution, the mass production of material goods by machines. The writer notes that although population growth had reached new highs, the first step in this revolution happened in mid-eighteenth-century England, with the development of the steam engine and machines for spinning and weaving textiles. The writer maintains that industrialism was the reason for the West's economic and military dominance over the rest of the world. The writer points out that the industrial revolution was created by the discoveries of modern metals, creating machines and techniques to find and transport the fuel to produce goods. However, the writer notes that the needs of the masses who worked in the resulting factories grew faster than their purses. The writer concludes that after the industrial boom had passed, they were left without jobs to deal with their sociological problems and with very little help or sympathy from the classes above them, who had started the factories and swept up the profits from their enterprises.

From the Paper:

"Wealthy entrepreneurs and corporations were able to create great structures in the major cities. In 1856 Henry Bessemer (British) perfected the process for producing inexpensive steel; and the next year E.G. Otis (American) installed the first safety elevator. From 1773, cast iron provided strength without bulk and provided architects to span broader widths and raise structures to greater heights than traditional stone buildings. John Nash used cast iron in 1815 for the Brighton Pavilion. The first cast-iron suspension bridge began to be constructed in 1836, but not until mid-century was iron used as skeletal support for mills, warehouses and railroad stations. Joseph Paxton built Paxton's Crystal Palace for the Great Exhibition of London in 1851 of glass and steel in only nine months. It was a prefabricated structure, and after the exhibition was moved to a new site. It burned down in 1930. The Eiffel Tower was also built as a novelty, but became an emblem of modernism. Designed as a viewing tower by Gustave Eiffel for the Paris World Exhibition of 1889, it is a 1,064-foot-high cast iron skeleton equipped with elevators."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Clark, Kenneth. Landscape into Art. Boston: Beacon Press, 1972.
• Fiero, Gloria K. The Humanistic Tradition, Book 5, Romanticism, Realism, and the Nineteenth-Century World. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2002.
• Priebe. J. Henry. "Bustling Buffalo is big business for Lackawanna." Lackawanna Magazine. Vol VI, April 1954.
• Sudjic, Dejan. "Making Cities Work: Detroit." BBC News, 10 Jul. 2006. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/5165808.stm>
• "Three Centuries: From the fight for North America to the renaissance city." Visit Pittsburgh. Greater Pittsburgh Convention & Visitors Bureau. 2006.

More papers on Industrialization:

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• Analytical Essay # 136188 : "Inequality and British Industrialization"
• Essay # 85424 : "Poverty and the Labor Movement in American Industrialization"
• Essay # 36402 : "Industrialization"

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