Paper Summary:

The paper systematically discusses the international relations theories and concepts that address the issues of state sovereignty and universal human rights. The paper refers to D.P. Forsythe's work entitled "Human Rights in International Relations" and attempts to answer his questions on this topic.

Outline:
Introduction
The Debate

From the Paper:

"The challenges of the modern world, intended by many to be a connected and collaborative place containing a sense of recognition of sameness as well as one of cultural difference are many. In this ideal world the differences of tradition, culture and nationalism often challenge the collaborative ideals of universal codes of conduct, but especially those associated with human rights. In the recent past independence of states has been seen as a sacred underlying code of existence only to be trampled upon when gross injustices, mostly against other states, warrant armed or unarmed conflict and even then to be answered with as much force as such a state could muster. The borders of a state were considered sacred territory, not to be crossed without very careful consideration of the reason and nature of such a transgression and only in cases where mitigating circumstances prevailed. (Fowler & Bunck, 1995, 54)"

Sample of Sources Used:

• Brysk, A. (Ed.). (2002). Globalization and Human Rights. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
• Brysk, A. & Shafir, G. (Eds.). (2004). People out of Place: Globalization, Human Rights, and the Citizenship Gap. New York: Routledge.
• Damrosch, L. F. (1989). Politics across Borders: Nonintervention and Nonforcible Influence over Domestic Affairs. American Journal of International Law, 83(1), 1-50.
• Forsythe, D. P. (2006) Human Rights in International Relations 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
• Fowler, M. R., & Bunck, J. M. (1995). Law, Power, and the Sovereign State: The Evolution and Application of the Concept of Sovereignty. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press.

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