Paper Summary:

The paper extends beyond the image of the city that Ebenezer Howard developed and proposes alternate definitions for the constitution of the city and for urban spaces. The paper's author's conception of urban space and its potential are not as optimistic as Howard's, though the author notes that it may be more specifically rooted in historical reality than in futuristic possibility.

From the Paper:

"Ebenezer Howard, 1850-1928, developed a significant, if somewhat naively utopian, model for urban planning based on his own specific conception of what constitutes an urban space. With limited formal education, Howard called for the creation of pre-planned cities that would be limited in size and surrounded by permanent belts of agricultural land that would be utilized to foster local independence from national and international markets for food (Reps par. 1). This concept of urban-ness was rooted specifically in sustainability and quality of life issues that Howard..."

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