Heart Attacks: Gender Differences

Paper Summary:

This paper explores the differences in how men and women experience distress related to the onset and occurrence of a heart attack. The paper provides a literature review on this topic. The paper concludes that it is essential for both women and clinicians to be educated about typical symptoms for women rather than fostering the belief that they are the same as the symptoms a man experiences.

Outline:
Abstract
The Research Problem
The Research Question
Identification of Variables
Literature Review
Summary

From the Paper:

"According to Fenton and Stamer (2006), 600 out of every 100,000 people in the United States will suffer a heart attack each year. Heart attacks are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States claiming an average 500,000 - 700,000 deaths per year (Fenton & Stamer, 2006). Approximately 1.3 million heart attacks are non-fatal yet of those heart attacks which are, more than 50 percent occur in the 'prehospital setting' (Fenton & Stamer, 2006). Internationally, cardiovascular diseases have been cited for 12 million deaths per year and are becoming an increasing cause of death in developing countries."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Fenton, D. E. & Stamer, S. (2006). Myocardial Infarction. eMedicine.com. Retrieved on September 26, 2006 from http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic327.htm
• McSweeney, J. C., Cody, M. O'Sullivan, P., Elberson, K., Moser, D. K. & Garvin, B. J. (2003). Circulation, 108, 2619-2623.
• Zuzelo, P.R. (2002). Gender and acute myocardial infarction symptoms. MedSurg Nursing. Retrieved on September 26, 2006 from http://highbeam.com/docs/1G1:87509025

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