Diabetic Nephropathy

Paper Summary:

Nephropathy is a common complication of diabetes and is characterized by the development of proteinuria, culminating in end-stage renal disease with a particular high risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This paper looks at several pathologic processes that contribute to diabetic nephropathy, including glomerular hypertrophy, sclerosis and nephron loss and discusses how primary prevention includes early detection of diabetes, glycemic control, screening for microalbuminuria, control of hypertension and smoking cessation. The paper also looks at how key issues in secondary prevention are glycemic control, reduction of hypercholesterolemia, control of hypertension, smoking cessation, use of ACE inhibitors and possibly restriction of dietary protein.

From the Paper:

"Diabetic nephropathy is more prevalent among African Americans, Asians, and Native Americans than Caucasians (Zelmanovitz 2005). Moreover, among patients starting renal replacement therapy, the incidence of diabetic nephropathy doubled from 1991-2001, however the rate of increase has slowed down (Zelmanovitz 2005). The reason for the slow down is probably due to the adoption in clinical practice of several measures that contribute to the early diagnosis and prevention of diabetic nephropathy, which thereby decreases the progression of established renal disease (Zelmanovitz 2005). A ten-year follow-up revealed the risk of diabetic nephropathy was 29 times greater in patients with type 2 diabetes with UAE values > 10 (micro)g/min, and the same held true for patients with type 1 diabetes (Zelmanovitz 2005). This favors the concept that the risk associated with UAE is a continuum, as is the case with blood pressure levels (Zelmanovitz 2005). "

Sample of Sources Used:

• Chan, Juliana C.N. (2005 July 01). Effect of hepatic lipase -514C [right arrow] T polymorphism and its interactions with apolipoprotein C3 -482C [right arrow] T and apolipoprotein E exon 4 polymorphisms on the risk of nephropathy in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. Retrieved March 12 2006 from HighBeam Research Library Web site.
• Drzewoski, Jozef. (2000 May 01). Effect of Short-Term Trandolapril Treatment on Impaired Circadian Blood Pressure Variation in Normoalbuminuric Normotensive Type 2 Diabetic Subjects. Diabetes. Retrieved March 12 2006 from HighBeam Research Library Web site.
• Edelman, Steven V. (1998 April 01). Prevention, early detection, and aggressive management of diabetic kidney disease. Clinical Diabetes. Retrieved March 12 2006 from HighBeam Research Library Web site.
• Gross, Jorge L. (2000 July 01 2000). Autonomic Dysfunction and Urinary Albumin Excretion Rate Are Associated With an Abnormal Blood Pressure Pattern in Normotensive Normoalbuminuric Type 1 Diabetic Patients. Diabetes Care. Retrieved March 12 2006 from HighBeam Research Library Web site.
• Gross, Jorge L. (2005 July 01). Urinary albumin excretion rate is associated with increased ambulatory blood pressure in normoalbuminuric type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. Retrieved March 12 2006 from HighBeam Research Library Web site.

More papers on Diabetic Nephropathy:

• Term Paper # 112764 : "Nephropathy and its Prevention"
• Essay # 84695 : "The American Diabetic Association"
• Essay # 36854 : "Nursing Diabetic Skin"

APA Citation:

MLA Citation: