Crime Theory

Paper Summary:

This paper discusses the theories behind why some people commit violent crimes against others. It discusses classical theory which is based on the early work of Cecare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham. It then goes on to describe rational choice theory, deterrence theory and the rationalist theory. The paper suggests that an understanding of all the theories are necessary in order to attempt to curb an increase in violent crime.

From the Paper:

"This is not to suggest that criminals should be coddled, a view parodied in the musical West Side Story when gang members sang out excuses for their bad behavior. If all criminal behavior were rationally driven, manipulation of the factors of certainty, severity and celerity would drastically reduce crime. However, ignoring the other things that influence and even detract from logical processes will lead to a greater understanding of why individuals commit crimes. In that way, the specific approach points to the general approach, because in research we find specific individuals, who, when grouped together in an effective research model, can suggest explanations for their behavior (Aurhahn & Parker, 1998). For example, research shows that alcohol abuse and violence correlate highly. But knowing such facts does not always point to simple solutions, possibly because behavior is too complex to be blamed on one behavior. This was demonstrated ironically and powerfully with this country's experiment with prohibition, which led to a dramatic increase in some crimes."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Aurhahn, Kathleen, and Parker, Robert Nash. 1998. "Alcohol, Drugs and Violence." Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 24.
• Clark, Richard D. 1998. "Celerity and Specific Deterrence: a Look at the Evidence." Canadian Journal of Criminology, Vol. 30.
• Keel, Robert. 2005. "The Evolution of Classical Theory: Rational Choice and Deterrence Theory Sociology of Deviant Behavior." Last updated July 14, 2005. Accessed via the Internet 3/30/06. <http://www.umsl.edu/~rkeel/200/ratchoc.html>
• Mcdonald, Michael D., and Mendes, Silvia M. 2001. "Putting Severity of Punishment Back in the Deterrence Package." Policy Studies Journal, Vol. 29.
• Tonry, Michael. The Handbook of Crime & Punishment. Oxford University Press, 2000.

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