Paper Summary:

This paper examines the changes in contemporary management theory compared to that of thirty years ago. Additionally, the paper points out the role of managers in employing these theories in order for their organizations to remain competitive. The paper further notes that today's organizations look more for authenticity and accountability in leaders. Various CEO's of major corporations are cited for displaying this trait, such as Steve Jobs and Bill Gates. Next, the paper discusses the pros and cons of cross-functional teams in organizations and how they fit into the management scheme. The paper concludes by stating again the importance authenticity and transparency in order to gain the trust of employees and stakeholders alike.

Outline:

Introduction
The 21rst Century Leader
Conclusion

From the Paper:

"What is immediately apparent when one considers that the cultures of organizations over time reflect the values of their leaders (Schein, 2004) is that today's organizations look more for authenticity and accountability in leaders first (Keyton, Smith, 2009) and place significantly less emphasis on their authoritarian roles. One need only consider the cultures of Google or Microsoft to see that two generations ago they would have been completely unacceptable for their free-flowing, more egalitarian organizational structures. Even Microsoft has a more top-down, structured environment compared to the highly egalitarian, purely expert-driven leadership styles within Google. One point is clear however despite the variations in the Google and Microsoft cultures, which are so typical of the cultures so many organizations emulate today. Expert and referent power are absolutely essential for any CEO to retain credibility and grow trust in these types of collaborative organizational cultures."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Baldonado, A., and J. Spangenburg. 2009. Leadership and the Future: Gen Y Workers and Two-Factor Theory. Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge 15, no. 1, (September 1): 99-103.
• Bass, B. M.: 1985, Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations (Free Press, New York).
• Bernoff, J., and C. Li. 2008. Harnessing the Power of the Oh-So-Social Web. MIT Sloan Management Review 49, no. 3, (April 1): 36-42.
• Burke, C., D. Sims, E. Lazzara, and E. Salas. 2007. Trust in leadership: A multi-level review and integration. Leadership Quarterly 18, no. 6, (December 1): 606.
• Clapp-Smith, R., G. Vogelgesang, and J. Avey. 2009. Authentic Leadership and Positive Psychological Capital: The Mediating Role of Trust at the Group Level of Analysis. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies 15, no. 3, (February 1): 227.

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