Bone Mass Density

Paper Summary:

This paper reviews and discusses osteoporosis, a disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue that most often results in enhanced bone fragility and a consequent increase in fracture risk. The paper further discusses the positive impact of exercise on women suffering from osteoporosis.

From the Paper:

"Ernst's (1998) review of 21 controlled studies on the subject of osteoporosis and exercise concludes that. "Collectively, however, these studies leave little doubt that regular exercise can delay or halt bone loss in women." Specifically, he reports that exercises not involving any loading are not effective, or considerably less effective, than weight-bearing exercises. The optimal exercise regimen should thus avoid further bone loss and reduce injury risks. Weight-bearing exercises, as weight-lifting, jumping and running, appear best suited for improving bone mass. However, they can carry a risk of injury: patients experienced a higher than average incidence of vertebral fractures if they executed exercises with their spines flexed."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Asikainen, T., Kukkonen-Harjula, K., and Miilunpalo, S. (2004). Exercise for health for early postmenopausal women. Trials Sports Med 34 (11): 753-778
• Bonaiuti et. al. ( 2002). Exercise for preventing and treating osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2.
• Delaney, M.F. (2006) Strategies for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis during early postmenopause. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 194, 12-23
• Drinkwater, B. (1995). American College of Sports Medicine position stand on osteoporosis and exercise. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise 27(4), i-vii.
• Ernst, E. (1998) Exercise for Female Osteoporosis A Systematic Review of Randomised Clinical Trials. Sports Med. 25 (6): 359-368.

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