Attenuation

Paper Summary:

The paper explains the anatomy of attenuation and how it is used in ultrasound scans to determine to a higher degree the image quality of a CT scan. The paper looks at several studies on CT imaging results and the use of attenuation-corrected images.

From the Paper:

"Attenuation means a reduction in intensity and amplitude in a radio signal. Radio signals are used in medicine in the medium of ultrasound. Measured in decibels (dB) per unit length of medium, attenuation is represented by the coefficient of the medium in question (dB/cm, dB/km, and so forth) (Zagzebski 3).
"Attenuation is used in ultrasound physics and is the reduction of the beam amplitude, as a function of the distance it goes through the medium being imaged. One has to account for attenuation effects because reduced signal amplitude affects the image quality. By adjusting the amplitude to account for the attenuation in the ultrasound beam going through the medium, loss of energy at the desired depth is achieved (Bushong 2)."

Sample of Sources Used:

• "Attenuation of Sound Waves." NDT. Iowa State University Center for Nondestructive Evaluation. 2007. Website: <http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Ultrasonics/Physics/attenuation.htm>.
• Bushong, Stewart C. and Archer, Benjamin R. Diagnostic Ultrasound, Mosby Inc., 1991.
• Fitton, Isabelle; Steenbakkers, Roel; Zijp, Lambert, Duppen, Joop C.; Comans, Emile F.I.; Muller, Saar H.; Nowak, Peter J.C.M.; Rasch, Coen R.N. and van Herk, Marcel. "Lung Dosimetry: Retrospective attenuation correction of PET data for radiotherapy planning using a bree breathing CT." Radiotherapy and Oncology, Vol 83(1), April 2007.
• Kaiser, C.P. "GI/GU experts seek accord to describe 'incidentalomas': Radiologists parse lesion size, number, and attenuation to distinguish benign from malignant." Diagnostic Imaging.com, October 2007. <http://www.diagnosticimaging.com/showArticle.jhtml;jsessionid=YEPBIRQ0TVYVMQSNDLPCKH0CJUNN2JVN?articleID=202200374>.
• Vlahos, Ioannis, Godoy, Myrna and Naidich, David P. "Dual-energy CT makes inroads in aortic and pulmonary studies - Acquisition of dual-energy data sets from same volume at same time avoids misregistration in advanced postprocessed images." Diagnostic Imaging.com, CMP Medica United Business Media. November 1, 2007.

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