African-Americans and Education

Paper Summary:

The paper relates the history of education for African-Americans and explores problems relating to education legislation. The paper looks at present education issues and concerns for African-American students and examines statistics relating to their drop-out rates. The paper concludes that there has been progress, to a degree, in educational attainment of the aspirations of African-American students, although there are still barriers.

Outline:
Introduction
History of Education for African Americans
Noted Problems Relating to Education Legislation
Present Education Issues and Concerns for African-American Students
Statistics Relating to Drop-out Rates of African-Americans
Summary and Conclusion

From the Paper:

"The work of Allen and Jewell (2002) states that: "...the Black struggle for higher education is an apt metaphor for the larger Black struggles for citizenship, self-determination and personhood in this society." The historical account of the African American race in obtaining access to higher education in the United States is characterized by many ups and downs. The aspirations of the African American individual of attaining higher education have been historically unattained due to existing barriers to higher education of Black individuals."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Carson, C. (2004) Two Cheers for Brown v. Board of Education. The Journal for American History.Vol. 91, No. 1 2004 June.
• Harper, B.E. (2007) African American Access to Higher Education: The Evolving Role of Historically Black Colleges and Universities" American Academic Journal. Volume 3, 2007. Online available at: http://209.85.165.104/search?q=cache:YhAJeDmPPAEJ:test.aft.org/pubs-reports/american_academic/issues/january07/Harper.pdf+Education:+African+Americans,+struggles,+progress,+aspirations&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=8&gl=us.
• National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Educational Statistics. Washington DC, U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement (2001).
• Allen W. and Jewell J. (2002) A Backward Glance Forward: Past, Present and Future Perspectives of Historically Black Colleges and Universities. The Review of Higher Education. 3 (2002).
• Brown v. Board of Education, 349 U.S. 294 (1955); W. E. B. Du Bois, "Does the Negro Need Separate Schools?," Journal of Negro Education, 4 (July 1935), in The Oxford W. E. B. Du Bois Reader, ed. Eric J. Sundquist (New York, 1996), 431.

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