From the Paper "Despite the differences at various levels of basketball--professional, college, high school, grad school--there are fundamentals which must be taught at every level. The players must learn to know the score, the number of fouls, and the skill level of the opponent. They should know if the opponent is right or left-handed or whether he or she prefers to drive to the basket or shoot long. Other useful lessons include recognizing different types of defense, knowing if another player is hot or cold, maintaining eye contact, passing effectively, receiving a pass effectively, mastering shooting skills (lay-ups and rebounds), blocking out, concentrating, anticipating where the ball will bounce on a missed shot, dribbling, how to guard a man who has the ball and one who does not have the ball, when to shoot or not, stealing the ball..."
From the Paper "Introduction
Nike is one of the most successful manufacturers of athletic footwear, competing with Reebok, L.A. Gear and Adidas, as well as with manufacturers of casual footwear. In recent years, the company has expanded into the apparel market, to lessen its dependence on the highly fickle athletic footwear market, and has also seen significant opportunity in the international arena. Nike survived the stagnation in the industry of the early 1990s well, and is now one of the strongest companies in the industry from a financial standpoint. Adidas is a much older brand than Nike, and has suffered through a rift between its founders as well as intense competition from companies such as Nike, but it emerged at the end of the twentieth century as a strong brand in the athletic shoe market."
Abstract Focusing on the common yet dangerous injury regularly recieved in sporting matches - concussions. This paper describes the causes, treatment, symptoms, and the medical side of sports. It also looks at the sports causing the injuries, and how the sport causes them.
From the Paper "Head injuries are serious business. Anytime you are dealing with the brain, you want to take everything about the injury seriously and prepare for the worst. A concussion is defined as an injury to the brain, often resulting from a blow to the head, which can cause temporary disorientation, memory loss, or unconsciousness. These are also known as "closed head injuries"."
From the Paper "In the West, the understanding of hatha yoga has been divorced from its roots in the ancient conceptualization of yoga to represent a means to attain purely physical well being. While it does contribute to that, that was not its original purpose.
Development of Yoga
The yogic system was first described, and compiled, by Patanjali in his Yoga Aphorisms, which are dated to the second or third century B.C.E. These yoga sutras have been translated and discussed by many interpreters -- a good modern version being that of J.H. Woods (1914). The term "yoga" itself has two different meanings in the Sanskrit, with the most commonly..."
From the Paper "Muhammad Ali was a great boxer. But, of course, turned out to be much more than a boxer. His victory over Sonny Liston in 1964 for the heavyweight title was only the beginning of a public life that has been played out as much on the front page as on the sports page.
This research examines the historical and legendary life of the boxer known as Muhammad Ali. Muhammad Ali's life example has served as a pivotal point in history for breaking racist stereotypes. Ali eventually used his boxing fame to create an ethnic identity for Afro-Americans in American history. His life is one of a great boxer, a symbol of black pride, a creator of a new civil rights movement, and a living prophet of religion as tolerance.
Not that his boxing feats can be minimized. Perhaps the.."
From the Paper " Pat Riley and Phil Jackson could not have more different styles of leadership and coaching in the National Basketball Association. This research examines some of the key differences in their leadership styles and notes the conflicts that have arisen from those differences.
During one championship game against the Bulls, Pat Riley erupted. Two quick technical fouls sent him to the dressing room, necessitating a long walk from one end of the floor to the other, right past the Chicago Bulls bench. With every step Riley took, Bulls Coach Phil Jackson's face tightened. He tried to look down, then away. Jackson was trying not to laugh and everybody could see it. As Riley finally passed the Bulls and disappeared, Jackson could not help himself any longer. He laughed. Actually, it was more like a giggle. They still cannot play nice, Jackson.."
Critical review of this work on sports as a symbol of promises and deceptions of the American Dream, focusing on the differences between women and men in sports.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 1 source, 1999, $ 55.95
Abstract Elliott J. Gorn and Warren Goldstein, in A Brief History of American Sports, explore not only the historical evolution of sports from the colonial days through the early 1990s, but just as importantly "the entanglements of sports with life, and of how confused the real accomplishments of players on the field become with American culture's giddy dreams" (xii).
From the Paper "Elliott J. Gorn and Warren Goldstein, in A Brief History of American Sports, explore not only the historical evolution of sports from the colonial days through the early 1990s, but just as importantly "the entanglements of sports with life, and of how confused the real accomplishments of players on the field become with American culture's giddy dreams" (xii). The underlying argument of the book is that sports have come to represent the American Dream itself, in terms of both that Dream's promises and its deceptions. This study will provide a brief overview of the book and will then focus on American sports as they relate to gender.
Although the book is thoroughly documented and deals in some detail with American sports history, it "is by no means a comprehensive survey" of that history, but focuses instead on the ..."
From the perspective of human resource management. Includes advantages and disadvantages, social significance, contracts, causes of strikes and examples.
2,250 words (approx. 9 pages), 8 sources, 2000, $ 79.95
From the Paper "Human resource managers are typically involved in setting up the pay schedules and work environment for organizations. In many small organizations, these arrangement are made directly with the company's managers and employees; in larger organizations, there may be collective bargaining units (unions) which negotiate on behalf of employees. Human resource professionals must be able to negotiate effectively, or to hire negotiators to represent the company's interest, recognizing that the relationship between employees and management is a mutually beneficial one, but one which can also put the various parties at cross purposes. This research investigates the collective bargaining process in general, and considers the specific problems which human resource professionals face when dealing collective bargain..."
An exploration of the part of hockey in the composition of Canada's national identity, focusing on a program broadcasted by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC).
Abstract The paper looks at multi-ethnicity in Canada and at what unifies this nation. It focuses on the sport of hockey as an important component of the country's national identity. It looks at the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and its struggle for identity, claiming that when it broadcasted its first "Hockey Night" in Canada, it found it's "true being". The paper explores the origin and importance of CBC's "Hockey Night" to national unity. It explains how the program crossed the boundaries of young and old, rich and poor, urban and rural, French and English, east and west. The paper also discusses the controversial aspect of the program's time slot, overlapping the national news. The status of the program as a source of education is mentioned and the paper concludes with a review of the contribution of CBC's "Hockey Night" to the national identity of Canadians.
From the Paper "Canada is comprised of many different cultures, spread over a vast geographical region. The only way for all these different types of people all over Canada to create a cohesive united nation to dwell on the similarities, which are shared amongst the majority. Cultural identity, it could be said can found when a whole nation can share in and care about a similar subject. For Canada this sense of national identity is represented by the sport of hockey. In any social or academic setting where the topic of discussion is Canadian identity the lists always begin with peacekeeping and multiculturalism and always come back to hockey. Some may say hockey is only a symbol of Canadian identity, and is no different then a moose, a beaver, or long winters. Hockey however has more then a symbolic animal because hockey gives a spirit of unification and it is here where our country has celebrated some of its greatest victories and most horrifying defeats. The love of the sport of hockey may not be shared by all Canadian citizens, but it is certainly been loved and adored by many since its beginnings in Montreal in 1875."
From the Paper "Drug Testing of Athletes and the Law
This paper will discuss the legal issues involved in the mandatory drug testing of athletes. The first part of the paper will examine the issue of state action with regard to federal constitutional protections. The second part of the paper will discuss the privacy issues arising out of the Fourteenth Amendment. The third part of the paper will look at the issue of search and seizure under the Fourth Amendment. The last part will briefly discuss state constitutional law concerning privacy.
The controversy over the mandatory testing for drugs in sports concerns both types of athletes, professional and amateur. As will be seen, courts have treated professional athletes as employees who have agreed to forego certain rights, since they have signed employment contracts which often provide for drug testing. "
This paper examines range of motion and flexibility in relation to joint therapy, postinjury rehabilitation, injury prevention and athletic performance.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, 1994, $ 55.95
From the Paper "The study of joint function is important both for rehabilitative and training purposes. The restoration of movement to stiff joints following surgery can be used as a measure of therapeutic effectiveness. Likewise, flexibility training has been shown to increase the body's ability to adjust to physical stress. Both flexibility and range of motion (ROM) involve movement of a joint through its normal plane. Some of the factors affecting this movement include gender, age, and temperature. Range of motion can be measured by both general and specific tests. The use of such techniques has led to methods for increasing flexibility. Regular application of flexibility training may lead to enhanced athletic performance.
Range of motion and flexibility are two important objectives ... "
Overviews the history and social benefits of quasi-public youth sports (e.g. Little League) and concepts of legal liability, insurance and risk exposure.
4,500 words (approx. 18 pages), 34 sources, 1995, $ 135.95
From the Paper "RISK MANAGEMENT IN YOUTH ATHLETICS
Introduction
This research examines the application of the concepts of risk management in the administration of youth athletic programs. The term "youth athletic programs," as the term is defined for purposes of this research, does not refer to youth athletic activities conducted under the aegis of school boards or administrations..public or private. Rather, for purposes of this research, the term "youth athletic programs" refers to programs administered by quasi.public organizations such as Little League Baseball, Pop Warner Football, and the YMCA (Young Men's Christian Association).
The findings of this research are presented in three major discussions. The first discussion provides an overview of the ..."
Abstract This paper discusses the profession of the sports agent. It looks at what it takes to become a respected player agent; including registration and certification requirements. It shows how one of the major roles of a sports agent is contract negotiation and discusses this topic in detail. It concludes with the expected future and development in this field.
From the Paper "Commonly, the terms "sports agent", "player agent", "sports or contract representative" and "contract advisor" are used interchangeably (vill.edu). Each term, whether identifying a lawyer or a non-lawyer, depicts a delegate who performs basically the same service (vill.edu). It is the duty of these professionals to represent, counsel, advise and assist a professional athlete in the negotiation, execution and enforcement of the player's contract (vill.edu). As of April 1993, two hundred seventy three major league baseball players earned a salary of one million dollars or more and agents usually receive four percent of the player's salary as their fee (vill.edu). This has caused a dramatic growth in the number of persons desiring to represent athletes (vill.edu)."
Abstract This paper examines the struggles that Latino players in major league baseball have faced over the years. The writer discusses the beginnings of Latino players in professional baseball, beginning in 1954 and continuing through the surge that began in the 1980s. The paper also discusses how the influx of Latino players has increased baseball's popularity in Spanish-speaking countries worldwide which in turn has impacted upon the numbers of Latino youth seeking to play professional baseball in the United States. Another area that the paper touches upon is how the increasing numbers of Latino players has opened up the doors to a small, but growing number of Latino managers in the major leagues. The writer also examines the struggles that these players faced in the early days, when Latino players were fewer in number.
From the Paper "As more Latino players move into the majors, Latino managers are making their mark, too. Felipe Alou was recently hired by the San Francisco Giants to take over the manager job vacated by Dusty Baker after the World Series. "Alou was also the fourth Latin American manager born in the Caribbean Islands, the other are Mike Gonz"lez, Preston G"mez and Cookie Rojas all from Cuba. Later Tany P"rez (Cuba)and Tony Pe"a (Dominican Republic) became the fifth and sixth respectively" (Pi-Gonz?lez). Alou was also the first Latino to manage an All-Star game in 1995."
Abstract Sports has become a central part of society, introduced to children at a young age and often continuing to be part of a person's life throughout their lifetime. Sports impacts on people in a number of ways. The paper shows that in childhood, the focus of sports is often on participating, working with other people and aspiring to be the best one can be. Successful sports people also become heroes for children, something that continues into adulthood. The paper shows that as individuals grow older their focus may change from playing sports to watching sports. At the same time, sports people continue to be respected and viewed as heroes, the fact that successful sports people get paid millions in sponsorship money is evidence that they must have a major impact on consumers. Overall, this paper looks at what sports represents and the values it communicates to people.
From the Paper "Sport is also closely related to a person's life in society in a general way. In sport, people compete against each other to win. In a person's working life the same thing occurs. A person works against others in the workplace to earn individual rewards and promotions. A person also works as part of the company team, to grow the company. The same occurs in schools where students works in competition with each other to receive awards. Students then work to get into college, with the best students winning the college place. This illustrates one of the main aspects central to sports, the competition factor inherent to sport. This also shows how this competition factor inherent in sports is also one inherent in life. This is another major reason why sport reflects society."
