This paper discusses how women's self-defense programs and courses empower females against potential rapists and date rape and examines Katie Roiphe's book, "The Morning After: Sex, Fear, and Feminism on Campus".
Abstract This paper argues that physically fighting back and the type of physical self-confidence gained through defense sports and sports in general should come to the forefront of the debate against rape. The author does not suggest that women's defending themselves physically can replace the legal process as a way of punishing rapists. The issue is how women can both protect themselves and, if they have been raped or assaulted, find a way to cope with the tragedy which has occurred. The paper looks at numerous publications regarding feminism, self-defense, date rape and female sexuality.
From the Paper "It is the contention of this paper that women's self-defense, particularly martial arts, gives women the best kind of physical and mental confidence to resist rape and to overcome the trauma of rape. Martial Arts enables a woman to feel confident about her body, not as something passive and used, but as something strong and resilient. For women whom have been raped, it enables them to see a difference in what their bodies can do since they experienced the crime. It gives them something physical and concrete to do, in place of or in addition to simply to rehashing the details of the crime over and over again. Women who are prosecuting their attacker may be forced to do even if they do not participate in a Take Back the Night march, and if they do so in such a context they are not doing it in a "safe space" but a contentious one. This could make the act of speaking about the crime to be less cathartic."
Abstract This paper talks about boating and boating safety. It first starts to talk about the statistics (accidents & deaths compared to accidents) then goes on to explain how to prevent accidents. The paper discusses different kinds of boats.
Table of Contents
A. Statistics
B. Types of Boats
C. Boats are made out of one of five materials
D. Marine electronic devices
E. Terminology
F. Traffic rules for boats
G. Gasoline and gas fumes
H. Before casting off
I. Life jackets
From the Paper " A fun activity for many families and individuals is boating. Boating offers many opportunities for recreation. Fishing, skiing, tubing and cruising are enjoyed by thousands of Americans each year. This paper will discuss boating and boating safety. In the year 2000 there were 12,782,143 registered boats in the United States. Minnesota ranks fourth among all states with 812,247 registered boats. With these many boats there are going to be accidents. From the 2000 United States Coast Guard Boating Statistics there were 7,740 accidents in the U.S. Many of these accidents were collisions, fires and skier mishaps. There were 701 deaths and 4,355 injuries. The open motor boat caused the most accidents in the United States. In 2000, 361 people were killed in accidents on this type of boat. Because of these casualties we will talk about boating safety later on in this report."
Abstract The writer of this paper presents a thorough overview of the baseball phenomenon of the Negro League. It examines the early beginnings of this group in the late 1800's and how this helped integration into the sports arena. It then looks at the highlights of this league and some of the famous players. Finally the writer examines how this league closed and merged with major league baseball.
From the Paper "The history of the Negro League in baseball has recently received new interest after a half a century of benign neglect. Baseball fans realize that Blacks played baseball before 1974, of course, because they know that Jackie Robinson moved out of the Negro Leagues to play for the Brooklyn Dodgers, thus integrating what most people thought of as ?major league baseball.? The history of the teams that created Robinson and thousands of other talented athletes deserves more attention."
Abstract This paper provides step-by-step practical advice regarding a community's decision to construct a skating park. It looks at location, materials, method and style. It also lists the advantages to the community if such a complex would be created.
From the Paper "In many communities in the United States, there are not but a few safe places where children and teenage can play sports safely. Some teenagers in today's society like to skateboard in a skate park, however, there are not many of them in rural community. Therefore, most children and teenagers skateboard on an unsafe ramp create themselves. When living in a rural community, the best solution for this problem would be to find grants to help out financially with the skate-park for the people who wish to build a proper one. And, there are some guidelines to follow to build a safe and healthy skate-park environment. For the rural community to have their own skate-park is a great idea since it is their children who are skateboarding on it. Therefore, every community skate-parks are needed should look into it so that their children would be safer."
Abstract The following paper examines how violence is a driving force for society. It is of the opinion of the writer that we have learned to accept it and have lowered the value of the human life, as a result. The writer makes reference to John McMurtry's essay entitled ?Kill ?Em! Crush ?Em! Eat ?Em Raw!? written in the early 1970's where he compared the game of football to war; in which the hidden object of the game at that time wasn?t to win by scoring the most touchdowns through skill and athletics, but instead to win by being the first team to disable its opponent. This paper discusses how football today is no longer played tough in the pros because team pride is no longer eminent. The author argues that money is the driving force of the game and is the only incentive seen by the players.
From the Paper "The average American who has sat in front of the TV has experienced this dilemma: "We interrupt this program to bring you breaking news." In my personal experience the second I see a guy standing in front of a microphone talking about the latest corporate scandal I change the channel, but if the image on my television displays a bird's eye view of a car chase or better yet a bank heist, I watch patiently no matter how actionless and boring the breaking news is. In fact, if I happen to suddenly need to use the restroom or make a phone call, I"ll press the record button on my VCR just incase I miss a gun battle or a car fire while I"m away. Myself and the majority of Americans, especially males, thrive on other people's adrenaline and demolition. It has indeed become an integral part of our lives: "Competitive, organized injury" can be seen almost everywhere; especially in sporting events and other entertainment such as movies. It has even made it's way into children's video games."
Abstract An essay which examines the process by which new clients are evaluated in health and fitness facilities by trained staff and/or personal trainers. It begins by examining the various measurement tools for carrying out client evaluations and then goes on to discuss practical strategies for implementing the results of those evaluations into an overall fitness program for clients.
From the Paper "In conclusion, evaluations are common in all sectors of the health and fitness industry, including "corporate, commercial, clinical, and community" (Grantham et al. 474). Evaluations are also an on-going phenomena. That is, an initial evaluation will not be the first and last word in how a client's fitness regime is developed. Certainly, as time goes on, a given client's level of fitness and corresponding health-related needs will need to be monitored, re-evaluated, and constantly altered, wherever the need arises. A steady health and exercise regime will result in enormous changes to a client's physical body. With those changes in mind a new set of objectives, or a new dimension to the exercises, can be more easily integrated into the overall program."
Abstract This paper describes the protest by John Carlos and Tommie Smith at the 1968 Summer Olympic Games, during a period when the U.S. was at war with Civil Rights. It looks at what these men hoped to achieve and whether their protests had any significant ramifications.
From the Paper "The 1960s were a time of racial upheaval in the Untied States. From Martin Luther King, Jr. to Malcolm X and the Black Panthers, the decade symbolizes an outbreak of the Civil Rights Movement. When remembering the political upheaval, many images come to mind. One of the most powerful illustrations of the time is two black men fighting societal oppression at the 1968 Mexico City Summer Olympics. On October 16, 1968, Tommie Smith and John Carlos stood on the medal stand, Olympic medals around their necks, heads bowed, and gloved fists raised high in defiance while the Star Spangled Banner played pompously from the loudspeakers. On the podium, both wore black socks and carried their track shoes. Smith had a black scarf tied around his neck, while Carlos wore an African beaded necklace. A few bars into the national anthem, the protest drew crowd attention. Carlos and Smith later reported they could feel the hatred in the air. Catcalls, boos and hisses rang out, interrupted by a few sparse cheers."
Abstract The following paper begins by focusing on the rudiments of the Black Sox Scandal which blemished the sport for good and resulted in public loss of faith as well as contributed to the American financial crisis. The paper presents arguments in favor of and against the related topic followed by a commentary and a sound conclusion.
From the Paper "William Howard Taft once quoted: "The game of baseball is a clean, straight game" (1919 World Series) and looking at the basic rules the game chalks out for its players give the very same impression. For instance, it is a game played between two teams each having nine players equipped with the true sportsmanship spirit and trained to fight for their country. ?The infield and outfield, including the boundary lines, are fair territory and all other area is foul territory. The ball is a sphere formed by yarn wound around a small core of cork, rubber or similar material, covered with two stripes of white horsehide or cowhide, tightly stitched together. The bat is a smooth round stick not more than 2 3/4 inches in diameter at the thickest part and not more than 42 inches in length. The most common length used is 35 inches.?
Abstract This paper lays out strategies and concepts which are designed to help owners and managers of fitness facilities to boost their clientele and their image. It discusses the importance of effective advertising and the necessity for innovative new programs aimed at all age levels.
From the Paper "Does your fitness center seem to be lacking business? Does it seem to lack those select customers that you imagined when you open your fitness center? There are steps the management can take to improve the quality and quantity of customers. Give it a boost by adding some new equipment, some motivation with bonuses, shake up the advertisements, and educate some local businesses. Your fitness center can be boosted from the humdrums to a busy fun fitness center with active participation from a variety of new customers."
Abstract Sportsline.com is the leading website in Sports media and e-commerce related to sporting goods products. This paper looks at its successful business and marketing plans and examines why the site is so popular. It also looks at the companies sales figures as an indication of its success.
From the Paper "Much of the company's success is due to the integration of data warehousing and database marketing into its? e-business solution. The company uses this technology to achieve the following; manage enormous amounts of data, refine their systems to keep up with the rapidly emerging Internet, incorporate data from various sources and analyze incoming data in real time. (Matrix) This allows Sportsline.com to store important data such as customer names, demographics, and purchasing tendencies, which provides the company with the information that they need to market effectively."
Abstract The paper discusses the three types of arthritis, namely rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and psoriatic arthritis. The paper describes the problems associated with arthritis and the common misperceptions of the disease. It also discusses the important link between sports, exercise and arthritis and the social and economic cost of arthritis. A list of the treatments for arthritis is given. The paper presents which areas of research into arthritis could be extended.
Table of Contents
Problem Statement
Literature Review
Introduction
Types of Arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Psoriatic Arthritis
Causes of Arthritis
Treatments Available
Current Research
Arthritis and Athletic Activities
Research Needed
Learning Outcome
From the Paper "Arthritis is said to be the number one cause of disability in the United States, with more individuals disabled with arthritis than by both heart disease and strokes (Lewis 2000). Arthritis is also a disease that is plagued with misunderstanding. The Center for Disease Control warns that it is these misunderstandings that result in the disease doing so much harm (Lewis 2000)."
Abstract This paper provides a business plan for a gym or fitness training facility for better use of space and efficient service. Included are plans for better management, improved programming and additional training. The writer explains that this is a big money making enterprise and the right type of facility can be a major hit.
From the Paper "Fitness facilities have become part of the American landscape. Until recent years fitness centers were found for the most part only in private country clubs or the YMCA. However, now every community has at least one, if not several work-out gyms, complete with massage rooms and spas. New facilities are being built and older centers remodeled every day, each designed with the latest equipment and features to fit the needs of the surrounding community. Moreover, fitness facilities and sports centers have become a competitive market in the business world during the last decade. With franchises opening coast to coast and world wide, fitness is big business."
Abstract This paper describes the appearance of the tennis court, the rules of the game, how the players hit the ball, and which muscles are used for each movement and how the scoring works. It describes how the game is judged by umpires and referees and how electronic devices are used to assist the judges. It describes how each part of the body is used during the game.
From the Paper "The referees in recreational contests are usually the players themselves, but officials in tournaments keep score, judge shots as good or not and interpret rules. The chair umpire heads the judges and sits on a tall chair in one end of the net, while the other line judges sit around the court and away from the movement area of the players."
Tags: score, court, net, body, exercize, play, point, judge
How the sport became America's national pastime in period from WWI to 1928. Impact of wartime challenges; consumer oriented society; industrial growth; gambling; radio.
2,250 words (approx. 9 pages), 5 sources, 2001, $ 79.95
From the Paper "America's wars have had a major effect on the development of America's national pastime: baseball, which can trace its origins in America all the way to 1744. The Civil War helped transform the game from one of the Eastern privileged class to a game accessible by all across a wide geographical area. During World War II (1941-45), Major League Baseball sent almost all of its players (5,400 of its 5,800 men on 1941 rosters served) into the military (Thorn, et. al, 2513). Though little noticed, World War I (1914-18, with American involvement beginning in 1917) also played an important role in the development of baseball. This paper will examine the impact of the Great War on America's national pastime.
For baseball, the decade before the war began by clearing up the game's paternity."
From the Paper "The Olympic Games began in ancient Greece in 776 BC and continued until 395 AD. The games were held at Olympia on the Peloponnesse and attracted visitors from all over the Greek world. The central attraction was the games, of course, but Olympia, the site of the games, was also a reason many visitors came just to see this huge architectural achievement.
The games were held in honor of Zeus, the supreme god in Greek mythology, and visitors to Olympia were making a pilgrimage to Zeus's most sacred place, the grove known as Altis (Swaddling 7). There are several legends regarding the origin of the games, and the date ascribed to that event is traditional but uncertain. Indeed, competitions were held on an annual basis before 776 BC on an unofficial basis. One of the legends involved the Delphic Oracle calling for the reinstitution of the.."
