Abstract This paper looks at the rigorous training that male and female soldiers go through, and the affect it has on their bodies. The different types of injuries are presented, and then reviewed and analyzed. The author presents solutions to some of the more common types of injuries, and suggests ways to avoid these types of injuries in the future.
From the paper:
"Based on research, the clear anatomical differences, i.e. height, weight, and build between males and females lead to problems concerning uniformity that is stressed in the military. For instance, the 30-inch step prescribed by the military in marching is a prime example. Marching is based on male height and average 30-inch step, but for a woman's shorter height and leg length, it is an over exaggerated step. For a woman to accomplish a greater push off is necessary, as well as a harder heel strike. Furthermore, the uniformity of equipment poses a problem for female soldiers. For instance, ?Women's boots use the same last as men's boots and are less likely to provide good heel stability for women."
Abstract This paper argues that physically fighting back and the type of physical self-confidence gained through defense sports and sports in general should come to the forefront of the debate against rape. The author feels that the question at hand is how women can both protect themselves and, if they have been raped or assaulted, find a way to cope with the tragedy which has occurred.
From the Paper "Kickboxing, Martial Arts, and good-old-fashioned women's self-defense are offered at gyms, on college campuses, and by women's groups across the country. Yet when discussing the issues of rape and date rape, more often than not its the purple colors that represent Take Back the Night and blue light phones that are talked about. Are these the sorts of images and words that should reframe the issue of date rape?"
Abstract This opinion paper addresses the down sides of sports recruitment in high school. Points made include the loss of amateurism, increased pressure on the student at the expense of their academic studies and unhealthy competitiveness amongst same team players. It discusses alternative options for recruiting fresh talents for sports
From the Paper "Once upon a time, high school sports were games. They built characters and bodies, and gave children something to do. While winning the next big game might have meant the difference between wide spread popularity and not having a date for the prom, generally speaking there was nothing more than teenage angst and passion to give the games significance. All that has changed. Recruiters for the major leagues are beginning to turn increasingly to high schools in their search for new star material, and children are going straight from graduation to sports career. This has many terrible side effects."
Abstract This essay uncovers how Peter Ueberroth, head of the L.A. Olympic Organizing Committee transformed the games into a monumental opportunity to stage a spectacular event and raise enough to contribute back to the surrounding community. The paper examines the success of the 1984 Olympics through the persepctive of entrepreuneurial organization.
From the Paper "Various factors contributed to the success of the Los Angeles Olympic Organizing Committee (LAOOC) and much was due to the "infective" personality of Peter Ueberroth. However, as biologist Bertalanffy professed through his systems theory "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts".
"Without digging deeply into the theory itself and the resulting holistic philosophy, "systems theory focuses on not only how the parts are arranged and what they do but also the relations which connect the parts into a whole."
This paper discusses how women's self-defense programs and courses empower females against potential rapists and date rape and examines Katie Roiphe's book, "The Morning After: Sex, Fear, and Feminism on Campus".
Abstract This paper argues that physically fighting back and the type of physical self-confidence gained through defense sports and sports in general should come to the forefront of the debate against rape. The author does not suggest that women's defending themselves physically can replace the legal process as a way of punishing rapists. The issue is how women can both protect themselves and, if they have been raped or assaulted, find a way to cope with the tragedy which has occurred. The paper looks at numerous publications regarding feminism, self-defense, date rape and female sexuality.
From the Paper "It is the contention of this paper that women's self-defense, particularly martial arts, gives women the best kind of physical and mental confidence to resist rape and to overcome the trauma of rape. Martial Arts enables a woman to feel confident about her body, not as something passive and used, but as something strong and resilient. For women whom have been raped, it enables them to see a difference in what their bodies can do since they experienced the crime. It gives them something physical and concrete to do, in place of or in addition to simply to rehashing the details of the crime over and over again. Women who are prosecuting their attacker may be forced to do even if they do not participate in a Take Back the Night march, and if they do so in such a context they are not doing it in a "safe space" but a contentious one. This could make the act of speaking about the crime to be less cathartic."
Abstract This paper talks about boating and boating safety. It first starts to talk about the statistics (accidents & deaths compared to accidents) then goes on to explain how to prevent accidents. The paper discusses different kinds of boats.
Table of Contents
A. Statistics
B. Types of Boats
C. Boats are made out of one of five materials
D. Marine electronic devices
E. Terminology
F. Traffic rules for boats
G. Gasoline and gas fumes
H. Before casting off
I. Life jackets
From the Paper " A fun activity for many families and individuals is boating. Boating offers many opportunities for recreation. Fishing, skiing, tubing and cruising are enjoyed by thousands of Americans each year. This paper will discuss boating and boating safety. In the year 2000 there were 12,782,143 registered boats in the United States. Minnesota ranks fourth among all states with 812,247 registered boats. With these many boats there are going to be accidents. From the 2000 United States Coast Guard Boating Statistics there were 7,740 accidents in the U.S. Many of these accidents were collisions, fires and skier mishaps. There were 701 deaths and 4,355 injuries. The open motor boat caused the most accidents in the United States. In 2000, 361 people were killed in accidents on this type of boat. Because of these casualties we will talk about boating safety later on in this report."
Abstract The writer of this paper presents a thorough overview of the baseball phenomenon of the Negro League. It examines the early beginnings of this group in the late 1800's and how this helped integration into the sports arena. It then looks at the highlights of this league and some of the famous players. Finally the writer examines how this league closed and merged with major league baseball.
From the Paper "The history of the Negro League in baseball has recently received new interest after a half a century of benign neglect. Baseball fans realize that Blacks played baseball before 1974, of course, because they know that Jackie Robinson moved out of the Negro Leagues to play for the Brooklyn Dodgers, thus integrating what most people thought of as ?major league baseball.? The history of the teams that created Robinson and thousands of other talented athletes deserves more attention."
Abstract This paper provides step-by-step practical advice regarding a community's decision to construct a skating park. It looks at location, materials, method and style. It also lists the advantages to the community if such a complex would be created.
From the Paper "In many communities in the United States, there are not but a few safe places where children and teenage can play sports safely. Some teenagers in today's society like to skateboard in a skate park, however, there are not many of them in rural community. Therefore, most children and teenagers skateboard on an unsafe ramp create themselves. When living in a rural community, the best solution for this problem would be to find grants to help out financially with the skate-park for the people who wish to build a proper one. And, there are some guidelines to follow to build a safe and healthy skate-park environment. For the rural community to have their own skate-park is a great idea since it is their children who are skateboarding on it. Therefore, every community skate-parks are needed should look into it so that their children would be safer."
Abstract The following paper examines how violence is a driving force for society. It is of the opinion of the writer that we have learned to accept it and have lowered the value of the human life, as a result. The writer makes reference to John McMurtry's essay entitled ?Kill ?Em! Crush ?Em! Eat ?Em Raw!? written in the early 1970's where he compared the game of football to war; in which the hidden object of the game at that time wasn?t to win by scoring the most touchdowns through skill and athletics, but instead to win by being the first team to disable its opponent. This paper discusses how football today is no longer played tough in the pros because team pride is no longer eminent. The author argues that money is the driving force of the game and is the only incentive seen by the players.
From the Paper "The average American who has sat in front of the TV has experienced this dilemma: "We interrupt this program to bring you breaking news." In my personal experience the second I see a guy standing in front of a microphone talking about the latest corporate scandal I change the channel, but if the image on my television displays a bird's eye view of a car chase or better yet a bank heist, I watch patiently no matter how actionless and boring the breaking news is. In fact, if I happen to suddenly need to use the restroom or make a phone call, I"ll press the record button on my VCR just incase I miss a gun battle or a car fire while I"m away. Myself and the majority of Americans, especially males, thrive on other people's adrenaline and demolition. It has indeed become an integral part of our lives: "Competitive, organized injury" can be seen almost everywhere; especially in sporting events and other entertainment such as movies. It has even made it's way into children's video games."
Abstract An essay which examines the process by which new clients are evaluated in health and fitness facilities by trained staff and/or personal trainers. It begins by examining the various measurement tools for carrying out client evaluations and then goes on to discuss practical strategies for implementing the results of those evaluations into an overall fitness program for clients.
From the Paper "In conclusion, evaluations are common in all sectors of the health and fitness industry, including "corporate, commercial, clinical, and community" (Grantham et al. 474). Evaluations are also an on-going phenomena. That is, an initial evaluation will not be the first and last word in how a client's fitness regime is developed. Certainly, as time goes on, a given client's level of fitness and corresponding health-related needs will need to be monitored, re-evaluated, and constantly altered, wherever the need arises. A steady health and exercise regime will result in enormous changes to a client's physical body. With those changes in mind a new set of objectives, or a new dimension to the exercises, can be more easily integrated into the overall program."
Abstract This paper describes the protest by John Carlos and Tommie Smith at the 1968 Summer Olympic Games, during a period when the U.S. was at war with Civil Rights. It looks at what these men hoped to achieve and whether their protests had any significant ramifications.
From the Paper "The 1960s were a time of racial upheaval in the Untied States. From Martin Luther King, Jr. to Malcolm X and the Black Panthers, the decade symbolizes an outbreak of the Civil Rights Movement. When remembering the political upheaval, many images come to mind. One of the most powerful illustrations of the time is two black men fighting societal oppression at the 1968 Mexico City Summer Olympics. On October 16, 1968, Tommie Smith and John Carlos stood on the medal stand, Olympic medals around their necks, heads bowed, and gloved fists raised high in defiance while the Star Spangled Banner played pompously from the loudspeakers. On the podium, both wore black socks and carried their track shoes. Smith had a black scarf tied around his neck, while Carlos wore an African beaded necklace. A few bars into the national anthem, the protest drew crowd attention. Carlos and Smith later reported they could feel the hatred in the air. Catcalls, boos and hisses rang out, interrupted by a few sparse cheers."
Abstract The following paper begins by focusing on the rudiments of the Black Sox Scandal which blemished the sport for good and resulted in public loss of faith as well as contributed to the American financial crisis. The paper presents arguments in favor of and against the related topic followed by a commentary and a sound conclusion.
From the Paper "William Howard Taft once quoted: "The game of baseball is a clean, straight game" (1919 World Series) and looking at the basic rules the game chalks out for its players give the very same impression. For instance, it is a game played between two teams each having nine players equipped with the true sportsmanship spirit and trained to fight for their country. ?The infield and outfield, including the boundary lines, are fair territory and all other area is foul territory. The ball is a sphere formed by yarn wound around a small core of cork, rubber or similar material, covered with two stripes of white horsehide or cowhide, tightly stitched together. The bat is a smooth round stick not more than 2 3/4 inches in diameter at the thickest part and not more than 42 inches in length. The most common length used is 35 inches.?
Abstract This paper lays out strategies and concepts which are designed to help owners and managers of fitness facilities to boost their clientele and their image. It discusses the importance of effective advertising and the necessity for innovative new programs aimed at all age levels.
From the Paper "Does your fitness center seem to be lacking business? Does it seem to lack those select customers that you imagined when you open your fitness center? There are steps the management can take to improve the quality and quantity of customers. Give it a boost by adding some new equipment, some motivation with bonuses, shake up the advertisements, and educate some local businesses. Your fitness center can be boosted from the humdrums to a busy fun fitness center with active participation from a variety of new customers."
Abstract Sportsline.com is the leading website in Sports media and e-commerce related to sporting goods products. This paper looks at its successful business and marketing plans and examines why the site is so popular. It also looks at the companies sales figures as an indication of its success.
From the Paper "Much of the company's success is due to the integration of data warehousing and database marketing into its? e-business solution. The company uses this technology to achieve the following; manage enormous amounts of data, refine their systems to keep up with the rapidly emerging Internet, incorporate data from various sources and analyze incoming data in real time. (Matrix) This allows Sportsline.com to store important data such as customer names, demographics, and purchasing tendencies, which provides the company with the information that they need to market effectively."
Abstract The paper discusses the three types of arthritis, namely rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and psoriatic arthritis. The paper describes the problems associated with arthritis and the common misperceptions of the disease. It also discusses the important link between sports, exercise and arthritis and the social and economic cost of arthritis. A list of the treatments for arthritis is given. The paper presents which areas of research into arthritis could be extended.
Table of Contents
Problem Statement
Literature Review
Introduction
Types of Arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Psoriatic Arthritis
Causes of Arthritis
Treatments Available
Current Research
Arthritis and Athletic Activities
Research Needed
Learning Outcome
From the Paper "Arthritis is said to be the number one cause of disability in the United States, with more individuals disabled with arthritis than by both heart disease and strokes (Lewis 2000). Arthritis is also a disease that is plagued with misunderstanding. The Center for Disease Control warns that it is these misunderstandings that result in the disease doing so much harm (Lewis 2000)."
